Extracting Agency and Communion From the Big Five: A Four-Way Competition

Agency and communion are the two fundamental content dimensions in psychology. The two dimensions figure prominently in many psychological realms (personality, social, self, motivational, cross-cultural, etc.). In contemporary research, however, personality is most commonly measured within the Big Five framework. We developed novel agency and communion scales based on the items from the most popular nonpropriety measure of the Big Five—the Big Five Inventory. We compared four alternative scale-construction methods: expert rating, target scale, ant colony, and brute force. Across three samples ( Ntotal = 942), all methods yielded reliable and valid agency and communion scales. Our research provides two main contributions. For psychometric theory, it extends knowledge on the four scale-construction methods and their relative convergence. For psychometric practice, it enables researchers to examine agency and communion hypotheses with extant Big Five Inventory data sets, including those collected in their own labs as well as openly accessible, large-scale data sets.

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The replicability of the Big Five personality dimensions in three word‐classes of the Dutch language

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.2410060103 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 15-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Boele De Raad

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Large Scale ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

The Self ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Personality Dimensions ◽

Big Five Model ◽

Five Factors ◽

Word Classes ◽

Dutch Language

Of the main classes of personality‐descriptive words, verbs, adjectives, and nouns, the class of adjectives has figured as the constant and almost exclusive resource for taxonomic enterprises. In the Dutch language, Brokken (1978) was the first to structure the personality‐descriptive adjectives on a large‐scale basis. The aim of that particular study was not to test the existence of the Big Five in the Dutch language. Of the six Brokken factors, only two or three showed a clear correspondence to the Big Five. Recently, De Raad, Mulder, Kloosterman and Hofstee (1988) and De Raad and Hoskens (1990) taxonomized the personality‐descriptive verbs and the personality‐descriptive nouns. In the present study, the self‐ratings on adjectives (N = 200), nouns (N = 200), and verbs (N = 200) from the latter two studies are used to test the Big Five model in the three classes of personality terms. The model fits well with the adjective domain, although the result deviates from the English structure in order of factors and in emphasis of interpretation. To a certain extent, the model can be said to capture the noun domain as well. Four of the Big Five factors can be identified more or less easily, and the fifth may be discernible as well. The verb structure, however, is quite different in that it shows only two dimensions which seem to be more comprising in meaning than both the adjective factors and the noun factors.

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Efficient Merging of Genome Profile Alignments

10.1101/309047 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

André Hennig ◽

Kay Nieselt

Keyword(s):

Data Structure ◽

Parallel Computation ◽

Large Scale ◽

Divide And Conquer ◽

Data Sets ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Multiple Sequence ◽

Construction Methods ◽

Current Implementation ◽

Whole Genomes

AbstractMotivationWhole-genome alignment methods show insufficient scalability towards the generation of large-scale whole-genome alignments (WGAs). Profile alignment-based approaches revolutionized the fields of multiple sequence alignment construction methods by significantly reducing computational complexity and runtime. However, WGAs need to consider genomic rearrangements between genomes, which makes the profile-based extension of several whole-genomes challenging. Currently, none of the available methods offer the possibility to align or extend WGA profiles.ResultsHere, we present GPA, an approach that aligns the profiles of WGAs and is capable of producing large-scale WGAs many times faster than conventional methods. Our concept relies on already available whole-genome aligners, which are used to compute several smaller sets of aligned genomes that are combined to a full WGA with a divide and conquer approach. To align or extend WGA profiles, we make use of the SuperGenome data structure, which features a bidirectional mapping between individual sequence and alignment coordinates. This data structure is used to efficiently transfer different coordinate systems into a common one based on the principles of profiles alignments. The approach allows the computation of a WGA where alignments are subsequently merged along a guide tree. The current implementation uses progressiveMauve (Darling et al., 2010) and offers the possibility for parallel computation of independent genome alignments. Our results based on various bacterial data sets up to several hundred genomes show that we can reduce the runtime from months to hours with a quality that is negligibly worse than the WGA computed with the conventional progressiveMauve tool.AvailabilityGPA is freely available at https://lambda.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/gitlab/ahennig/GPA. GPA is implemented in Java, uses progressiveMauve and offers a parallel computation of [email protected]

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The Big Five Inventory (BFI)

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000043 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 50-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Andrea Fossati ◽

Serena Borroni ◽

Donatella Marchione ◽

Cesare Maffei

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Big Five ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Reliability Factor ◽

Validity Data ◽

Big Five Inventory ◽

Three Samples

The internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and convergent-discriminant validity of the Italian translation of the Big Five Inventory (BFI) were assessed in two independent samples of nonclinical adult volunteers (Sample 1: N = 500; Sample 2: N = 316) and in one sample of adolescent volunteers (Sample 3: N = 223). Two adult subsamples (n = 70, and n = 141, respectively) also provided 2-month retest reliability data. The internal consistency reliabilities were adequate for all five BFI scales (mean α values were .77, .78, and .81 for Sample 1, Sample 2, and Sample 3, respectively); all test-retest correlations were greater than .75 in both adult participant subsamples. Principal component analyses showed that only the first five components of the BFI item correlation matrix could be reproduced safely across the three samples. The BFI scales showed adequate convergent-discriminant validity coefficients in all three samples. These findings suggest that the BFI is a succinct measure of the Big Five personality traits and it provides satisfactory reliability and validity data.

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The Impact of German Works Councils on Profitability and Innovation: New Evidence from Micro Data / Der Einfluß von Betriebsräten auf Profitabilität und Produktinnovationen: Neue Untersuchungsergebnisse auf der Basis von Betriebsdaten

Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik ◽

10.1515/jbnst-1997-0102 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 216 (1) ◽

pp. 1-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

John T. Addison ◽

Joachim Wagner

Keyword(s):

New Product Development ◽

Large Scale ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Data Sets ◽

Outcome Indicators ◽

Works Councils ◽

Research Findings ◽

Works Council ◽

The Impact ◽

New Evidence

SummaryThis paper presents new evidence of works council impact on two dimensions of firm performance, namely, relative profitability as assessed by top management, and innovative activity as measured by new product development. The extant German literature is reviewed en passant, and some care is also taken to differentiate between the theoretical arguments that have been used to support greater worker involvement in their companies. Consistent with previous research findings based on different data sets, no support is adduced for the proposition that works councils favorably influence the outcome indicators. That being said, it is argued that further progress in the economic analysis of the works council awaits the availability of large-scale panel data, in the absence of which considerable ambiguity will perforce continue to attach all estimates of works council impact, including those reported here.

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Assessing Personality With Multi-Descriptor Items

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000368 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 117-125

Author(s):

Johannes Schult ◽

Rebecca Schneider ◽

Jörn R. Sparfeldt

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Big Five ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Personality Inventory ◽

The Other ◽

Short Version ◽

Big Five Inventory ◽

Personality Inventories

Abstract. The need for efficient personality inventories has led to the wide use of short instruments. The corresponding items often contain multiple, potentially conflicting descriptors within one item. In Study 1 ( N = 198 university students), the reliability and validity of the TIPI (Ten-Item Personality Inventory) was compared with the reliability and validity of a modified TIPI based on items that rephrased each two-descriptor item into two single-descriptor items. In Study 2 ( N = 268 university students), we administered the BFI-10 (Big Five Inventory short version) and a similarly modified version of the BFI-10 without two-descriptor items. In both studies, reliability and construct validity values occasionally improved for separated multi-descriptor items. The inventories with multi-descriptor items showed shortcomings in some factors of the TIPI and the BFI-10. However, the other scales worked comparably well in the original and modified inventories. The limitations of short personality inventories with multi-descriptor items are discussed.

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