scholarly journals Fecal CEA Has an Advantage in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer at Early Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482110482
Author(s):  
Linfang Li ◽  
Shan Xing ◽  
Miantao Wu ◽  
Yufeng Ao ◽  
Xin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen

Purpose Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (SCEA) level is often measured in patients with CRC but suffers from poor sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic biomarker. CEA is more abundant in stool than in serum, but it has not been widely studied. This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of fecal CEA (FCEA) as a potential non-invasive biomarker for early diagnosis of CRC. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the determination of FCEA and SCEA levels by electrochemiluminescence. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of FCEA and SCEA levels in early-stage CRC patients and healthy controls using ROC curve. Results A total of 298 people were included: 115 patients with CRC, 35 patients with adenomatous polyp (APC), 46 patients with non-gastrointestinal cancer (NGC), and 102 healthy controls (HC). The FCEA concentrations in CRC and APC patients were significantly higher than that of NGC and HC, and this is different from SCEA expression in APC and NGC. As a diagnostic biomarker of CRC, FCEA had significantly larger AUC compared with SCEA (.802 vs .735, P  < .001). For identifying early-stage colorectal cancer, FCEA showed better diagnostic efficacy (AUC: .831) than SCEA (AUC: .750), and the combination of the 2 biomarkers was even higher (AUC: .896). The sensitivity of FCEA was higher than that of SCEA (78.7% vs 29.8%). When SCEA was negative, 80.3% of CRC and 54.6% of APC cases could be identified by FCEA. Conclusion Compared with SCEA, FCEA has more advantages in the diagnosis of the early stage of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps.

scholarly journals A Signature of Four Circulating microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosing Early-Stage Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6121
Author(s):  
Maha M. Itani ◽  
Farah J. Nassar ◽  
Arafat H. Tfayli ◽  
Rabih S. Talhouk ◽  
Ghada K. Chamandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Microrna Microarray

Breast cancer (BC) is the most predominant type of cancer among women. The aim of this study is to find new biomarkers that can help in early detection of BC, especially for those who are too young to be screened using mammography as per guidelines. Using microRNA microarray, we previously showed dysregulation of 74 microRNAs in tumors from early BC patients as compared with normal adjacent tissues, which we were interested in studying in blood circulation. In this study, we investigated the expression of 12 microRNA (miR-21/miR-155/miR-23a/miR-130a/miR-145/miR-425-5p/miR-139-5p/miR-451/miR-195/miR-125b/miR-100, and miR-182) in the plasma of 41 newly diagnosed Lebanese BC patients with early invasive ductal carcinoma as compared with 32 healthy controls. Total RNA was extracted from plasma, and expression levels of miRNA of interest were measured using RT-qPCR followed by statistical analysis; miR-21, miR-155, miR-23a, miR-130a, miR-145, miR-425-5p, and miR-139-5p were significantly upregulated and miR-451 was significantly downregulated, in the plasma of BC patients as compared with healthy controls. The positively correlated miR-23a, miR-21, and miR-130a had a high diagnostic accuracy (86%). Importantly, the combination of miR-145/miR-425-5p/miR-139-5p/miR-130a scored the highest diagnostic accuracy of 95% with AUC = 0.97 (sensitivity 97% and specificity 91%). MicroRNAs are promising non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage BC with the panel of miR-145/miR-425-5p/miR-139-5p/miR-130a having the highest diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals Plasma Exosomal Long Non-Coding RNAs Serve as Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 2704-2715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongzhi Hu ◽  
Yang Zhan ◽  
Kegan Zhu ◽  
Ming Bai ◽  
Jiayi Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background/Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Thus, methods for early diagnosis of CRC are urgently needed. We aimed to identify potential long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in circulatory exosomes that may serve as biomarkers for the detection of early-stage CRC. Methods: Exosomes from the plasma of CRC patients (n = 50) and healthy individuals (n = 50) were isolated by ultracentrifugation, followed by extraction of total exosomal RNAs using TRIzol reagent. Microarray analysis was used for exosomal lncRNA profiling in the two groups, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression level of lncRNAs in all patients and healthy subjects. Results: The expression of six lncRNAs (LNCV6_116109, LNCV6_98390, LNCV6_38772, LNCV_108266, LNCV6_84003, and LNCV6_98602) was found to be significantly up-regulated in CRC patients compared with that in healthy individuals by qRT-PCR. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to verify their diagnostic accuracy. The values of the area under the curve for these lncRNAs were 0.770 (LNCV6_116109), 0.7500 (LNCV6_98390), 0.6500 (LNCV6_38772), 0.6900 (LNCV_108266), 0.7500 (LNCV6_84003), and 0.7200 (LNCV6_98602). Conclusion: Our study suggested that the expression of these six exosomal lncRNAs (LNCV6_116109, LNCV6_98390, LNCV6_38772, LNCV_108266, LNCV6_84003, and LNCV6_98602) was significantly up-regulated in the plasma of CRC patients, and that they may serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of CRC.

Diagnostic efficacy and suitability of trans-thoracic ultrasonography for pleural fluid detection – The future non-invasive gold-standard?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Abdul Rasheed Qureshi ◽  
Zeeshan Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Ramzan ◽  
Tehmina Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Chest Sonography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fluid Detection

ABSTRACT Background: Conventionally Pleural effusions are suspected by history of pleuritis, evaluated by physical signs and multiple view radiography. Trans-thoracic pleural aspiration is done and aspirated pleural fluid is considered the gold-standard for pleural effusion. Chest sonography has the advantage of having high diagnostic efficacy over radiography for the detection of pleural effusion. Furthermore, ultrasonography is free from radiation hazards, inexpensive, readily available  and feasible for use in ICU, pregnant and pediatric patients. This study aims to explore the diagnostic accuracy of trans-thoracic ultrasonography for pleural fluid detection, which is free of such disadvantages. The objective is to determine the diagnostic efficacy of trans-thoracic ultrasound for detecting pleural effusion and also to assess its suitability for being a non-invasive gold-standard.   Subject and Methods: This retrospective study of 4597 cases was conducted at pulmonology  OPD-Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital, Lahore from November 2016 to July 2018. Adult patients with clinical features suggesting pleural effusions were included while those where no suspicion of pleural effusion, patients < 14 years and pregnant ladies were excluded. Patients were subjected to chest x-ray PA and Lateral views and chest ultrasonography was done by a senior qualified radiologist in OPD. Ultrasound-guided pleural aspiration was done in OPD & fluid was sent for analysis. At least 10ml aspirated fluid was considered as diagnostic for pleural effusion. Patient files containing history, physical examination, x-ray reports, ultrasound reports, pleural aspiration notes and informed consent were retrieved, reviewed and findings were recorded in the preformed proforma. Results were tabulated and conclusion was drawn by statistical analysis. Results: Out of 4597 cases, 4498 pleural effusion were manifested on CXR and only 2547(56.62%) pleural effusions were proved by ultrasound while 2050 (45.57%) cases were reported as no Pleural effusion. Chest sonography demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy 100 % each. Conclusions: Trans-thoracic ultrasonography revealed an excellent efficacy that is why it can be considered as non-invasive gold standard for the detection of pleural effusion.

Serum Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 Serves as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker of Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer

Biomarkers ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Chunyang Dai ◽  
Xiaolei Zhang ◽  
Yanling Ma ◽  
Zhaowu Chen ◽  
Shaohua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker

Robotic Colonoscopy: Comparative Analysis of Costs Compared to Painless Conventional Colonoscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosi Sicuro ◽  
Emanuele Tumino ◽  
Christian Lambiase ◽  
Domenica Mamone
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Diagnostic Colonoscopy ◽  
High Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
The University

Abstract BackgroundAmong the various causes of death, colorectal carcinoma represents the second highest cause in frequency both in men and in women. A colorectal cancer is diagnosed every 3.5 minutes and a person dies of colorectal cancer every 9 minutes. In 2018, in Italy were recorded around 51.000 new cases, with a mortality rate of over 18.000 deaths. There is clear evidence demonstrating that the identification and treatment of cancer at an early stage positively influence the reduction in mortality. Colonoscopy is the most effective technique used to identify and remove polyps, thus avoiding the costs related to surgical treatment and hospitalization.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the costs of the system Endotics for robotic colonoscopy as an alternative to conventional diagnostic colonoscopy performed under anaesthesia at the University Hospital of Pisa.MethodsThe cost analysis was developed according to the Budget Impact Analysis method application, an essential and complementary part of the Health Technology Assessment evaluation, which has the main purpose of assessing the financial sustainability of new health technology, estimating the consequences of its use and diffusion in a specific context characterized by the limited availability of resources. The observation period covered a time interval of 3 months, during which an average of 43 colonoscopic procedures per day was performed and mapped and a total of 23 colonoscopes were used. ResultsOverall, the work done has allowed identifying the cost of a conventional painless diagnostic colonoscopy performed in our institution which amounts to € 426.25. The valuation of the costs of the robotic colonoscopy amounted overall to € 441.25.ConclusionsThe ideal procedure to diagnose a colon disease should be safe, well-tolerated, possibly non-invasive, with high diagnostic accuracy and, not least, cost-effectiveness. The results of this study suggest that in the University Hospital of Pisa the costs related to robotic colonoscopy performed with the Endotics system are superimposable to those of conventional painless colonoscopy, reducing the overall risk associated with the colonoscopic procedure maintaining a high diagnostic accuracy with a greater tolerability by the patient, thus pushing the colonoscopy towards “the ideal procedure”.

Treatment monitoring of metastatic colorectal cancer by quantification and genotyping of mutated KRAS in circulating cell-free DNA.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15037-e15037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Seufferlein ◽  
Daniel Schwerdel ◽  
Hanna Welz ◽  
Ralf Marienfeld ◽  
Stefan A. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Kras Mutations ◽  
Non Invasive

e15037 Background: Treatment of stage IV colorectal cancer (mCRC) has made substantial progress over the last years but therapy monitoring still is in its early stage. A facile, non-invasive, repeatable assessment of the mutational state of a given tumor even during treatment could constitute a desirable biomarker for therapy stratification and disease monitoring. "Liquid biopsies" analyzing circulating free and circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA/ctDNA) from patients’ blood have been proposed as a a simple, non-invasive method that could fulfil this requirement. Methods: 27 patients with histologically confirmed mCRC were enrolled into a treatment surveillance cohort. For the analysis of concordance between tumor tissue DNA and cfDNA we analyzed 40 tissue and blood pairs from therapy naïve patients regarding their KRAS mutation status. The course of cfDNA values combined with targeted genotyping of KRAS mutations were assessed during several palliative chemotherapeutic regimens. cfDNA data were correlated with clinical parameters to establish its prognostic and predictive value. Results: Baseline cfDNA levels allow to significantly differentiate mCRC from healthy controls (14.23 ± 6.33 ng/ml vs. 2.60 ± 1.59 ng/ml; p < 0.0001). cfDNA values at baseline in therapy naïve patients correlate well with tumor burden (p < 0.05) and CEA levels (p < 0.05). cfDNA values significantly increased upon disease progression during 1st (p < 0.01) and 2nd line (p < 0.05) treatment, enabling a non-invasive disease monitoring approach. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the cfDNA levels upon treatment and progression-free survival (p < 0.05). In addition, our data show that KRAS genotyping of cfDNA under therapy is feasible (80% blood-tissue concordance) and might benefit the patient due to early detection of therapy resistance. Conclusions: Repetitive quantitative and mutational analysis of cfDNA is likely to complement current diagnostic standards in stage IV CRC over the whole continuum of treatment.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Monocyte Distribution Width in the Early Diagnosis of Sepsis: A Diagnostic Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahao Chen ◽  
Qiang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Background: Delayed diagnosis of sepsis urgently requires a fast, convenient, and inexpensive method to improve the early diagnosis of sepsis. Increasing evidence showed that monocyte distribution width (MDW) could be used as a non-invasive biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity for the early diagnosis of sepsis. However, the accuracy and reliability of its diagnosis are still controversial in different studies. Method: A meta-analysis of all available studies regarding the association between MDW and the diagnosis of sepsis was performed to systematically evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MDW in the prediction of sepsis. Results: The estimated results of all eight studies are as follows: sensitivity, 0.84 (95% CI 0.77, 0.90); specificity, 0.68 (95% CI 0.54, 0.80); PLR, 2.7 (95% CI 1.8, 4.1); NLR, 0.23 (95% CI 0.15, 0.35); DOR is 12 (95% CI 5, 25). The corresponding overall area under the curve is 0.85 (95% CI 0.82, 0.88). Conclusion: In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that MDW has high accuracy in distinguishing patients with sepsis from healthy controls for early diagnosis of sepsis. However, large-scale prospective studies and joint diagnosis with other indicators are urgently required to confirm our findings and their utilization for routine clinical diagnosis in the future.

Ruolo dell'ER e del PSA nello screening per la diagnosi precoce del carcinoma prostatico: The role of ER and PSA in screening for early diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-304
Author(s):  
M. Fini ◽  
G. Vagliani
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Oncological Screening ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Diagnosi Precoce

From September 1992 to February 1994, 1441 men aged between 50 and 70 years underwent screening with PSA and ER measurement for early diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. A neoplasm was diagnosed in 1.73% (25/1441) of cases, which being found at an early stage, made it possible to perform prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy on 37.5% and 16.6% of patients respectively. The incidence of the disease was higher than in a previous screening with just ER dosage (1.73% vs 1.1%). Combined PSA and ER also gave higher sensitivity, specificity, overall accuracy and predictiveness compared to the methods taken individually. This combination seems preferable, in view of the greater efficacy and “practicability” compared to protocols which involve the use of USTR, which is less practicable on a large scale due to the length of time required and high costs. The utility of periodic determination of PSA levels in those over fifty years old is emphasised, both for oncological screening controls and to increase the diagnostic accuracy of other clinical tests.

A meta-analysis of proteomic blood markers of colorectal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Jiayu Sun ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Yumeng Yuan ◽  
Leshan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Serum Proteomics ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Objective: Early diagnosis will significantly improve the survival rate of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the existing methods for CRC screening were either invasive or inefficient. There is an emergency need for novel markers in CRC’s early diagnosis. Serum proteomics has gained great potential in discovering novel markers, providing markers that reflect the early stage of cancer and prognosis prediction of CRC. In this paper, the results of proteomics of CRC studies were summarized through a meta-analysis, to obtain the diagnostic efficiency of novel markers. Methods: A systematic search on bibliographic databases was performed to collect the studies that explore blood-based markers for CRC applying proteomics. The detection and validation methods, as well as the specificity and sensitivity of the biomarkers in these studies, were evaluated. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) case-control studies version was used for quality assessment of included studies. Results: Thirty-four studies were selected from 751 studies, in which markers detected by proteomics were summarized. In total, fifty-nine proteins were classified according to their biological function. The sensitivity, specificity, or AUC varied among these markers. Among them, Mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1/ Serine threonine kinase 4 (MST1/STK4), S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9), and Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) were suitable for effect sizes merging, and their diagnostic efficiencies were recalculated after merging. MST1/STK4 obtained a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 78%. S100A9 achieved a sensitivity of 72%, a specificity of 83%, and an AUC of 0.88. TIMP1 obtained a sensitivity of 42%, a specificity of 88%, and an AUC of 0.71. Conclusion: MST1/STK4, S100A9, and TIMP1 showed excellent performance for CRC detection. Several other markers also presented optimized diagnostic efficacy for CRC early detection, but further verification is still needed before they are suitable for clinical use. The discovering of more efficient markers will benefit CRC treatment.

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