A Descriptive Analysis of the Child Protection Histories of Youth and Young Adults Arrested in California

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Lane Eastman ◽  
Regan Foust ◽  
John Prindle ◽  
Lindsey Palmer ◽  
Justin Erlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multinomial Model ◽  
Protective Service ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
History Of

In this study, we use population-based linked administrative data to document the full child protective service (CPS) histories of arrested youth and young adults. We extracted records for all individuals aged 24 and under who were arrested in California in 2014 and 2015. These records were probabilistically linked to statewide CPS records dating back to 1998. Overall, 43.4% of those arrested had a history of CPS involvement. Among individuals with uncensored CPS records (born in 1998 or later), 60.2% had past CPS involvement. Findings indicate that youth and young adults booked for a felony offense were more likely to have a history of CPS involvement than those booked for misdemeanors. A multinomial model served to confirm bivariate findings. This study provides further evidence that community concerns of childhood maltreatment were common among criminal justice–involved young adults.

The effect of psychiatric co-morbidity on cognitive functioning in a population-based sample of depressed young adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Castaneda ◽  
M. Marttunen ◽  
J. Suvisaari ◽  
J. Perälä ◽  
S. I. Saarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
History Of

BackgroundPsychiatric co-morbidity is often inadequately controlled for in studies on cognitive functioning in depression. Our recent study established no major deficits in cognition among young adults with a history of pure unipolar depression. The present study extends our previous work by examining the effects of psychiatric co-morbidity and other disorder characteristics on depression-related cognitive functioning.MethodPerformance in verbal and visual short-term memory, verbal long-term memory and learning, attention, processing speed, and executive functioning was compared between a population-based sample aged 21–35 years with a lifetime history of unipolar depressive disorders (n=126) and a random sample of healthy controls derived from the same population (n=71). Cognitive functioning was also compared between the subgroups of pure (n=69) and co-morbid (n=57) depression.ResultsThe subgroups of pure and co-morbid depression did not differ in any of the cognitive measures assessed. Only mildly compromised verbal learning was found among depressed young adults in total, but no other cognitive deficits occurred. Received treatment was associated with more impaired verbal memory and executive functioning, and younger age at first disorder onset with more impaired executive functioning.ConclusionsPsychiatric co-morbidity may not aggravate cognitive functioning among depressed young adults. Regardless of co-morbidity, treatment seeking is associated with cognitive deficits, suggesting that these deficits relate to more distress.

Recruiting and retaining youth and young adults: challenges and opportunities in survey research for tobacco control

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cantrell ◽  
Elizabeth C Hair ◽  
Alexandria Smith ◽  
Morgane Bennett ◽  
Jessica Miller Rath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Nationally Representative

IntroductionEvaluation studies of population-based tobacco control interventions often rely on large-scale survey data from numerous respondents across many geographic areas to provide evidence of their effectiveness. Significant challenges for survey research have emerged with the evolving communications landscape, particularly for surveying hard-to-reach populations such as youth and young adults. This study combines the comprehensive coverage of an address-based sampling (ABS) frame with the timeliness of online data collection to develop a nationally representative longitudinal cohort of young people aged 15-21.MethodsWe constructed an ABS frame, partially supplemented with auxiliary data, to recruit this hard-to-reach sample. Branded and tested mail-based recruitment materials were designed to bring respondents online for screening, consent and surveying. Once enrolled, respondents completed online surveys every 6 months via computer, tablet or smartphone. Numerous strategies were utilized to enhance retention and representativenessResultsResults detail sample performance, representativeness and retention rates as well as device utilization trends for survey completion among youth and young adult respondents. Panel development efforts resulted in a large, nationally representative sample with high retention rates.ConclusionsThis study is among the first to employ this hybrid ABS-to-online methodology to recruit and retain youth and young adults in a probability-based online cohort panel. The approach is particularly valuable for conducting research among younger populations as it capitalizes on their increasing access to and comfort with digital communication. We discuss challenges and opportunities of panel recruitment and retention methods in an effort to provide valuable information for tobacco control researchers seeking to obtain representative, population-based samples of youth and young adults in the U.S. as well as across the globe.

scholarly journals Infection in infancy and subsequent risk of developing lymphoma in children and young adults

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 1670-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn R. Goldin ◽  
Ola Landgren ◽  
Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson ◽  
Magnus Björkholm ◽  
Ora Paltiel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Immune Defects ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Abstract There is evidence that certain infections and autoimmunity predispose to the development of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). A previous study reported that hospitalization for infections in infancy led to an increased risk of NHL. By using population-based registries in Sweden, we compared the rate of hospitalization for infections in infancy between lymphoma cases and matched controls for patients born since 1964. A history of infection was associated with a significantly increased risk of aggressive B-cell lymphomas (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.11-4.04, P = .02). The specific infections involved were respiratory and intestinal. No effects were observed among cases of Hodgkin lymphoma. This association could result from the infection, its treatment, or could be a surrogate marker for underlying immune defects. Further studies are needed to determine whether this association is present among NHL occurring in older adults and if improved survival of patients with immune defects has contributed to the secular increases in incidence of NHLs.

scholarly journals What is the risk of knee osteoarthritis after a history of knee injury in young adults? A population-based cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. S262-S263 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Snoeker ◽  
A. Turkiewicz ◽  
K. Magnusson ◽  
R. Frobell ◽  
D. Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Population Based ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Prevalence of comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders: associated factors in a population sample of young adults in southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 2413-2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Ricardo Acosta Lopez Molina ◽  
Bárbara Spessato ◽  
Karen Jansen ◽  
Ricardo Pinheiro ◽  
Ricardo Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
History Of ◽  
Probabilistic Sample

This research aims to evaluate factors associated with the presence of comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders in young adults aged 18 to 24 years, from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study with a probabilistic sample by conglomerates. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to assess mood and anxiety disorders. The prevalence of mental disorders in the sample (n = 1,561) was of 26.8% of which 9.7% had comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders. The prevalence of comorbidities on mood and anxiety disorders is almost three times higher among women than men (p < 0.001). Lower education levels, socioeconomic status (p < 0.001) and a history of divorced parents (p < 0.050) was associated with comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders. The main conclusion is that social factors are highly associated with comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders. Prevention strategies on mental health should focus particularly on women in vulnerable social conditions.

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