Gender-Based Violence Among HIV-Positive Women in Kazakhstan: Prevalence, Types, and Associated Risk and Protective Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 1570-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Jiwatram-Negrón ◽  
Nabila El-Bassel ◽  
Sholpan Primbetova ◽  
Assel Terlikbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Partner Gender

This article examines the prevalence and associated multilevel risk and protective factors of intimate and nonintimate partner violence among a sample of 249 HIV-positive women in Kazakhstan. We found high prevalence of both lifetime intimate partner violence (52%) and nonintimate partner violence (30%). Together, nearly 60% experienced at least one incident of violence by either an intimate or nonintimate partner (gender-based violence [GBV]). In the multivariate analyses, we found associations between several individual, interpersonal, and socio-structural risk factors and GBV. Findings provide direction for practice, policy, and future research to address the intersection of GBV and HIV in Kazakhstan.

Navigating agency: adolescents’ challenging dating violence towards gender equitable relationships in a South African township

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-552
Author(s):  
Benita Moolman ◽  
Roshin Essop ◽  
Tshidiso Tolla
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
South African ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
South African Township

Intimate partner violence among adolescents is a result of gender and sexual inequitable norms. South African studies note the high prevalence of intimate partner violence in adolescent relationships with adolescent girls and women bearing the high costs. This article examines adolescent girls’ attempts to challenge dating violence and exit violent relationships. It reports the results of a gender empowerment programme linked to girls’ soccer in a South African township. The results indicate the complexities experienced by girls moving towards more gender equitable relationships, some strategies they adopt, and some challenges they still face. The programme facilitated by Grassroots Soccer (Soweto) is located in a Black, urban, low socio-economic context with high rates of gender-based violence. While it appears promising, further curriculum development is needed in the programme, particularly in relation to changing gendered and sexualized social norms that prescribe conventional and patriarchal femininities.

scholarly journals Risk and protective factors for GBV among women and girls living in humanitarian setting: systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Murphy ◽  
Mary Ellsberg ◽  
Aminat Balogun ◽  
Claudia Garcia-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Humanitarian Settings ◽  
The World ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background While one in three women around the world are estimated to have experienced intimate partner or sexual violence, these rates are often exacerbated during conflict and humanitarian crisis. This systematic review seeks to provide an overview of existing research on risk and protective factors associated with gender-based violence (GBV) in conflict and humanitarian settings. Methods Studies will be searched from the following databases: PubMed (Medline); PsycINFO; Scopus; Global Health; and Cochrane Center trials registrar. In addition, targeted searches of the internet repositories for GBV will be conducted. We will include studies that are published between January 1995 and December 2020 and document risk or protective factors for gender-based violence against women and girls in conflict or humanitarian settings. Two reviewers will independently screen and extract data for the review, with a third reviewer arbitrating disputes and ensuring quality. A quality assessment of the included studies will be undertaken using a modified GRADE system. Narrative synthesis will be utilized to analyze the data. Discussion The results of this study will inform the design and delivery of GBV prevention programs in conflict and humanitarian settings as well as contribute to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 5. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be utilized at the World Health Organization to inform efforts to prevent GBV in conflict and humanitarian settings. Systematic review registration The protocol has been registered with PROSEPERO (CRD42020198695).

scholarly journals El VIH como vía de materialización de la Violencia de Género e Intragénero

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-215
Author(s):  
Luis Manuel Rodríguez Otero ◽  
María Gabriela Lara Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Nuevo Leon ◽  
Nuevo León ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Main Instrument

Objetivo: El objetivo general de esta investigación consiste en identificar la prevalencia y características de la violencia en pareja (perpetrador/a y receptor/a) en pacientes seropositivos adscritos al Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) de Nuevo León (México).Método: Se ha planteado una investigación cuantitativa, a través de un diseño descriptivo y transversal, utilizando como instrumento principal la escala Likert de violencia en la relación de pareja de Cienfuegos y la escala Likert sobre el uso del VIH como vía de materialización de la violencia. Se aplicaron 265 cuestionarios autoadministrados y se obtuvo una muestra de 198 pacientes Resultados: Existe una prevalencia de la violencia en pareja como receptor/a del 40.40% y como perpetrador/a del 40.90%, siendo en ambas formas la violencia psicológica la más frecuente. La prevalencia del uso del VIH como vía de materialización de la violencia en pareja como receptor/a es del 4.54% y como perpetrador/a del 2.52%. Existe una mayor proporción de víctimas y agresores mujeres, no heterosexuales y de parejas en la que ambos miembros son seropositivos; así como en pacientes con mayor nivel de apego seguro y satisfacción con la vida.Conclusiones: Al igual que en la VG, se constata la existencia de violencia en relaciones formas por personas del mismo sexo en la que alguno de sus miembros es seropositivo/a. Asimismo, se corrobora que el VIH se utiliza como medio para ejercer la violencia en pareja. Objective: The general objective of this research is to identify the prevalence and characteristics of partner violence (perpetrator and recipient) in HIV positive patients enrolled in the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS, in Spanish) in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico.Methodology: A quantitative research was proposed, through a descriptive and transversal design, using as main instrument the Likert scale of violence in partner relationships of Cienfuegos and the Likert scale on the use of HIV as a means to materialize violence. We applied 265 self-administered questionnaires and obtained a statistic sample of 198 patients Results: There is a prevalence of partner violence of 40.40% as a receiver and of 40.90% as a perpetrator, psychological violence is the most frequent form in both cases. The prevalence of the use of HIV as a means of materializing partner violence as a recipient is of 4.54% and of 2.52% as a perpetrator. There is a higher proportion of non-heterosexual female victims and aggressors, and of couples in which both members are HIV positive; as well as in patients with a higher level of secure attachment and satisfaction with life.Conclusions: As in GBV (gender-based violence), there is evidence of the existence of violence in same-sex relationships in which one of the members is HIV positive. Likewise, it is possible to corroborate that HIV is used as a means to exercise partner violence.

scholarly journals The Association Between Women Empowerment and Emotional Violence in Zimbabwe: A Cluster Analysis Approach

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110213
Author(s):  
Annah Vimbai Bengesai ◽  
Evelyn Derera
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Gender Based

This study examined the relationship between women’s empowerment and different dimensions of emotional violence in Zimbabwe using cluster analysis and logistic regression. We used data from the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey, a nationally representative household study of fertility, health, and mortality indicators among women aged 15 to 49 years. Our sample consisted of 2,966 currently partnered women at the time of the survey. Our results revealed that more than 60% of the women had experienced emotional intimate partner violence (IPV), of which controlling behaviors were the most prevalent form. The results showed that women empowerment in Zimbabwe is primarily characterized by economic empowerment, household bargaining power, and freedom of movement. At the same time, educational attainment, health decision-making, and attitudes toward gender-based violence had expected relatively weak empowerment effects. The results also revealed that economically empowered women were less likely to experience denigrating or threatening behaviors, whereas those who had high levels of freedom of movement had a lower risk of experiencing all forms of emotional IPV except for threatening behavior. These findings suggest that emotional IPV is a considerable societal problem in Zimbabwe, and interventions that increase economic empowerment and freedom of movement may reduce the risk. Future research studies may examine the likelihood of reverse causality between women empowerment and emotional IPV.

Intimate Partner Violence and Its Under-Reporting in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
Attempted Murder ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Private Matter

Intimate Partner violence is not a culturally limited practice, but prevails in every country, irrespective of culture, class, and ethnicity. Violence is one of the mechanisms used by men to control and subjugate women; and is a manifestation of unequal power relationship sustained by patriarchy. Patriarchy makes violence necessary for the sake of its existence. Intimate partner violence, the most common forms of gender-based violence entails the exertion of power over a partner in an intimate relationship through a behavior that is intimidating, threatening, harassing or harmful. The spouse can be harmed physically, as well sexually, emotionally, and psychologically, the violence can occur multiple times. Intimate partner violence in Pakistan persists almost in every family because women have subjugated and vulnerable status and are generally treated as second class citizens. Generally, the occurrence of violence at home is effectively condoned and regarded it as ‘private matter’ which does not require any intervention. it is seldom recognized as a crime socially unless it takes an extreme form of murder or attempted murder which could range from driving a woman to suicide or engineering an accident (frequently the bursting of a kitchen stove). This study aims to find out the factors which precipitate Intimate partner violence in Pakistan and what are the factors which preclude the reporting of Intimate partner violence and seeking legal redress. This study has found that strict cultural and patriarchal system and values precipitate intimate partner violence and also preclude victims to report the incidences by not giving them appropriate moral, cultural and legal support.

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