scholarly journals El VIH como vía de materialización de la Violencia de Género e Intragénero

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-215
Author(s):  
Luis Manuel Rodríguez Otero ◽  
María Gabriela Lara Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Nuevo Leon ◽  
Nuevo León ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Main Instrument

Objetivo: El objetivo general de esta investigación consiste en identificar la prevalencia y características de la violencia en pareja (perpetrador/a y receptor/a) en pacientes seropositivos adscritos al Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) de Nuevo León (México).Método: Se ha planteado una investigación cuantitativa, a través de un diseño descriptivo y transversal, utilizando como instrumento principal la escala Likert de violencia en la relación de pareja de Cienfuegos y la escala Likert sobre el uso del VIH como vía de materialización de la violencia. Se aplicaron 265 cuestionarios autoadministrados y se obtuvo una muestra de 198 pacientes Resultados: Existe una prevalencia de la violencia en pareja como receptor/a del 40.40% y como perpetrador/a del 40.90%, siendo en ambas formas la violencia psicológica la más frecuente. La prevalencia del uso del VIH como vía de materialización de la violencia en pareja como receptor/a es del 4.54% y como perpetrador/a del 2.52%. Existe una mayor proporción de víctimas y agresores mujeres, no heterosexuales y de parejas en la que ambos miembros son seropositivos; así como en pacientes con mayor nivel de apego seguro y satisfacción con la vida.Conclusiones: Al igual que en la VG, se constata la existencia de violencia en relaciones formas por personas del mismo sexo en la que alguno de sus miembros es seropositivo/a. Asimismo, se corrobora que el VIH se utiliza como medio para ejercer la violencia en pareja. Objective: The general objective of this research is to identify the prevalence and characteristics of partner violence (perpetrator and recipient) in HIV positive patients enrolled in the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS, in Spanish) in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico.Methodology: A quantitative research was proposed, through a descriptive and transversal design, using as main instrument the Likert scale of violence in partner relationships of Cienfuegos and the Likert scale on the use of HIV as a means to materialize violence. We applied 265 self-administered questionnaires and obtained a statistic sample of 198 patients Results: There is a prevalence of partner violence of 40.40% as a receiver and of 40.90% as a perpetrator, psychological violence is the most frequent form in both cases. The prevalence of the use of HIV as a means of materializing partner violence as a recipient is of 4.54% and of 2.52% as a perpetrator. There is a higher proportion of non-heterosexual female victims and aggressors, and of couples in which both members are HIV positive; as well as in patients with a higher level of secure attachment and satisfaction with life.Conclusions: As in GBV (gender-based violence), there is evidence of the existence of violence in same-sex relationships in which one of the members is HIV positive. Likewise, it is possible to corroborate that HIV is used as a means to exercise partner violence.

Gender-Based Violence Among HIV-Positive Women in Kazakhstan: Prevalence, Types, and Associated Risk and Protective Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 1570-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Jiwatram-Negrón ◽  
Nabila El-Bassel ◽  
Sholpan Primbetova ◽  
Assel Terlikbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Partner Gender

This article examines the prevalence and associated multilevel risk and protective factors of intimate and nonintimate partner violence among a sample of 249 HIV-positive women in Kazakhstan. We found high prevalence of both lifetime intimate partner violence (52%) and nonintimate partner violence (30%). Together, nearly 60% experienced at least one incident of violence by either an intimate or nonintimate partner (gender-based violence [GBV]). In the multivariate analyses, we found associations between several individual, interpersonal, and socio-structural risk factors and GBV. Findings provide direction for practice, policy, and future research to address the intersection of GBV and HIV in Kazakhstan.

Intimate Partner Violence and Its Under-Reporting in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
Attempted Murder ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Private Matter

Intimate Partner violence is not a culturally limited practice, but prevails in every country, irrespective of culture, class, and ethnicity. Violence is one of the mechanisms used by men to control and subjugate women; and is a manifestation of unequal power relationship sustained by patriarchy. Patriarchy makes violence necessary for the sake of its existence. Intimate partner violence, the most common forms of gender-based violence entails the exertion of power over a partner in an intimate relationship through a behavior that is intimidating, threatening, harassing or harmful. The spouse can be harmed physically, as well sexually, emotionally, and psychologically, the violence can occur multiple times. Intimate partner violence in Pakistan persists almost in every family because women have subjugated and vulnerable status and are generally treated as second class citizens. Generally, the occurrence of violence at home is effectively condoned and regarded it as ‘private matter’ which does not require any intervention. it is seldom recognized as a crime socially unless it takes an extreme form of murder or attempted murder which could range from driving a woman to suicide or engineering an accident (frequently the bursting of a kitchen stove). This study aims to find out the factors which precipitate Intimate partner violence in Pakistan and what are the factors which preclude the reporting of Intimate partner violence and seeking legal redress. This study has found that strict cultural and patriarchal system and values precipitate intimate partner violence and also preclude victims to report the incidences by not giving them appropriate moral, cultural and legal support.

scholarly journals Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054896
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Kamila Janmohamed ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Laura Forastiere ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health disparities, including disparities in sexual health and well-being. While there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and population health disparities generally—including some with attention to HIV—none has focused on sexual health (ie, STI care, female sexual health, sexual behaviour). We have conducted a scoping review focused on sexual health (excluding reproductive health (RH), intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender-based violence (GBV)) in the COVID-19 era, examining sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes.MethodsA scoping review, compiling both peer-reviewed and grey literature, focused on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and COVID-19 was conducted on 15 September 2020. Multiple bibliographical databases were searched. Study selection conformed to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. We only included English-language original studies.ResultsWe found that men who have sex with men may be moving back toward pre-pandemic levels of sexual activity, and that STI and HIV testing rates seem to have decreased. There was minimal focus on outcomes such as the economic impact on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and STI care, especially STI care of marginalised populations. In terms of population groups, there was limited focus on sex workers or on women, especially women’s sexual behaviour and mental health. We noticed limited use of qualitative techniques. Very few studies were in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).ConclusionsSexual health research is critical during a global infectious disease pandemic and our review of studies suggested notable research gaps. Researchers can focus efforts on LMICs and under-researched topics within sexual health and explore the use of qualitative techniques and interventions where appropriate.

scholarly journals The pitfalls of modelling the effects of COVID-19 on gender-based violence: lessons learnt and ways forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e005739
Author(s):  
Michelle Lokot ◽  
Amiya Bhatia ◽  
Shirin Heidari ◽  
Amber Peterman
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Global Estimates ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Service Disruption ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Modelling Effort ◽  
Global Stakeholders ◽  
Modelling Data ◽  
Highly Cited

Since early 2020, global stakeholders have highlighted the significant gendered consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, including increases in the risk of gender-based violence (GBV). Researchers have sought to inform the pandemic response through a diverse set of methodologies, including early efforts modelling anticipated increases in GBV. For example, in April 2020, a highly cited modelling effort by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and partners projected headline global figures of 31 million additional cases of intimate partner violence due to 6 months of lockdown, and an additional 13 million child marriages by 2030. In this paper, we discuss the rationale for using modelling to make projections about GBV, and use the projections released by UNFPA to draw attention to the assumptions and biases underlying model-based projections. We raise five key critiques: (1) reducing complex issues to simplified, linear cause-effect relationships, (2) reliance on a small number of studies to generate global estimates, (3) assuming that the pandemic results in the complete service disruption for existing interventions, (4) lack of clarity in indicators used and sources of estimates, and (5) failure to account for margins of uncertainty. We argue that there is a need to consider the motivations and consequences of using modelling data as a planning tool for complex issues like GBV, and conclude by suggesting key considerations for policymakers and practitioners in using and commissioning such projections.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA SOSIALISASI GENDER DARI ORANG TUA DENGAN SIKAP REMAJA LAKI-LAKI TERHADAP KEKERASAN DALAM PACARAN

MANASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-52
Author(s):  
Dorothea Davita Vania ◽  
Fransisca Rosa Mira Lentari
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Gender Socialization ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Social Characteristic ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Relationship

Dating Violence cases, which are categorized as gender based violence are increasing from timeto time in Indonesia. Gender becomes a social characteristic that individuals learn from themoment they are born and it is primarily being socialized by parents. This gender socializationthat one receives from early age until they reach adolescence stage, can play a role in shapingone’s perception and attitude towards male and female, especially regarding romanticrelationship context, including how adolescents see the use of violence in a relationship. This studyaimed to find out the relationship between gender socialization from parents and attitude towardsdating violence in male adolescents from 16-21 years old. This study used quantitative crosssectional design. The participants were 125 male adolescents who were living in Jabodetabek withparents and were obtained using convenience sampling. In this research, Gender-relatedSocialization Scale (Raffaeli & Ontai, 2004; α = 0.859) and Attitude towards Male DatingViolence (Price & Byers, 1999; α = 0.702-0.865) were used as data collection tools. From thisstudy, we found out there is a significant correlation between gender socialization from parentsand attitude towards dating violence, attitude towards physical, and also attitude towards sexualviolence. There was no significant correlation between gender socialization from parents andattitude towards psychological violence. We also found out that participants who were currentlyengaged in a relationship have a higher score in attitude towards sexual dating violence thanparticipants who were not in a relationship.

“The Perfect Storm”: The Rise of Gender-Based Violence in the Age of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janvi Huria ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Women Experiences ◽  
Crimes Against Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Partner Violence Against Women ◽  
Perfect Storm

One in three women experiences sexual or physical violence at some point in their life (“A Staggering One-in-Three Women”, 2019). In the last 12 months alone, 243 million girls between the ages of 15 and 49 were subjected to sexual or physical violence by an intimate partner (“Violence against Women”, n.d.). During the COVID-19 pandemic, sudden shifts in routine have made this situation a “ticking time bomb” for the exponential growth in rates of crimes against women (Campbell, 2020).

Global Application of Intersectionality Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-53
Author(s):  
Johanna Bond
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Many ◽  
Inadequate Prenatal Care ◽  
The Right

This chapter delves into examples of global intersectionality to illustrate the need for a thorough and consistent intersectional approach to human rights violations around the world. Although it is impossible to provide an exhaustive analysis of the many and varied types of intersectional human rights violations, this chapter offers multiple examples of intersectional human rights violations, including (1) gender-based violence, including both non-state actors who commit intimate partner violence and sexual violence in armed conflict; (2) maternal mortality and inadequate prenatal care in Brazil; (3) coerced sterilization among the Roma in Europe; (4) disproportionate discipline and punishment of Black girls in the United States; and (5) inconsistent LGBTQI rights. These case studies implicate different human rights, including the right to be free from violence, the right to education, and the right to the highest attainable standard of health. Each example demonstrates how a more nuanced, intersectional lens is necessary to capture the rights at stake and to contemplate appropriate remedies for victims of human rights violations in full.

Navigating agency: adolescents’ challenging dating violence towards gender equitable relationships in a South African township

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-552
Author(s):  
Benita Moolman ◽  
Roshin Essop ◽  
Tshidiso Tolla
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
South African ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
South African Township

Intimate partner violence among adolescents is a result of gender and sexual inequitable norms. South African studies note the high prevalence of intimate partner violence in adolescent relationships with adolescent girls and women bearing the high costs. This article examines adolescent girls’ attempts to challenge dating violence and exit violent relationships. It reports the results of a gender empowerment programme linked to girls’ soccer in a South African township. The results indicate the complexities experienced by girls moving towards more gender equitable relationships, some strategies they adopt, and some challenges they still face. The programme facilitated by Grassroots Soccer (Soweto) is located in a Black, urban, low socio-economic context with high rates of gender-based violence. While it appears promising, further curriculum development is needed in the programme, particularly in relation to changing gendered and sexualized social norms that prescribe conventional and patriarchal femininities.

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