Disentangling Cognitions About Sexual Aggression

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107906322098106
Author(s):  
Chloe I. Pedneault ◽  
Chantal A. Hermann ◽  
Kevin L. Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Distinct Factor

We examined the extent to which evaluative attitudes toward sexual aggression are distinct from other cognitions regarding sexually aggressive behavior. Evaluative attitudes toward sexual aggression refer to the extent to which sexual aggression is viewed negatively or positively. In a secondary analysis of online survey data from 495 community men, exploratory factor analysis revealed that items from a measure of evaluative attitudes formed a distinct factor from items designed to measure cognitive distortions regarding rape. These findings suggest that evaluative attitudes may be distinct from cognitive distortions. Furthermore, hierarchical regression analyses indicated that evaluative attitudes explained unique variance in self-reported past sexual aggression, proclivity for sexually aggressive behavior, and likelihood to rape. If future research finds support for a causal relationship between evaluative attitudes and sexual aggression, well-established evaluative-attitude-change procedures from the social psychological literature could be adapted to address evaluative attitudes toward sexual aggression in interventions aimed at reducing sexually aggressive behavior.

The Influence Of Misogynous Rap Music On Sexual Aggression Against Women

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy Barongan ◽  
Gordon C. Nagayama Hall
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Rap Music ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Female Confederate

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cognitive distortions concerning women on sexually aggressive behavior in the laboratory. Twenty-seven men listened to misogynous rap music and 27 men listened to neutral rap music. Participants then viewed neutral, sexual-violent, and assaultive film vignettes and chose one of the vignettes to show to a female confederate. Among the participants in the misogynous music condition, 30% showed the assaultive vignette and 70% showed the neutral vignette. In the neutral condition, 7% showed the sexual-violent or assaultive vignette and 93% showed the neutral vignette. Participants who showed the sexual-violent or assaultive stimuli reported that the confederate was more upset and uncomfortable in viewing these stimuli than did participants who showed the neutral vignette. These findings suggest that misogynous music facilitates sexually aggressive behavior and support the relationship between cognitive distortions and sexual aggression.

Attitude May Be Everything, But Is Everything an Attitude? Cognitive Distortions May Not Be Evaluations of Rape

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Nunes ◽  
Chantal A. Hermann ◽  
Kristen White ◽  
Cathrine Pettersen ◽  
Kurt Bumby
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Distinct Factor ◽  
Male Undergraduate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theory Research

Cognitive distortions are often referred to as attitudes toward rape in theory, research, and clinical practice pertaining to sexual aggression. In the social-psychological literature, however, attitudes are typically defined as evaluations; thus, in this context, attitudes toward rape are considered evaluations of rape (e.g., rape is negative vs. positive). The purpose of the current study was to explore whether a widely used measure of cognitive distortions (RAPE Scale; Bumby, 1996) assesses evaluation of rape, and, if not, whether evaluation of rape and the cognitions assessed by the RAPE Scale are independently associated with sexually aggressive behavior. Participants (660 male undergraduate students) completed the RAPE Scale as well as measures of evaluation of rape and sexually aggressive behavior. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that the RAPE Scale items formed a correlated but distinct factor from the Evaluation of Rape Scale items. Regression analyses indicated that the Evaluation of Rape Scale and the RAPE Scale had small to moderate independent associations with self-report measures of sexually aggressive behavior. Our results suggest that evaluation of rape may be distinct from cognitive distortions regarding rape, and both evaluation and cognitive distortions may be relevant for understanding sexual violence.

Sense of clubhouse community belonging and empowerment

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiko Tanaka ◽  
Larry Davidson ◽  
Thomas J Craig
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Belonging

Background: While the neighborhood community literature well documents a link between participation in supportive and effective community groups or activities and empowerment, there is as yet little empirical evidence of this relationship in the context of community mental health programs. Aim: The primary purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between sense of community belonging and empowerment among members of mental health clubhouses. Methods: A secondary analysis using a hierarchical regression model was conducted on cross-sectional structured interview data collected through a self-report questionnaire from 102 clubhouse members from six clubhouses in the United States and Finland. Results: The results indicated that members’ sense of clubhouse community belonging positively contributes to their empowerment. Conclusion: Fostering sense of community belonging appears to be a valid approach to catalyze empowerment. Study limitations and future research agendas were discussed.

Pornography, Masculinity, and Sexual Aggression on College Campuses

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052090618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke A. de Heer ◽  
Sarah Prior ◽  
Gia Hoegh
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Pornography Consumption

Past research has indicated that there is a relationship between pornography consumption and sexually aggressive behavior. This study sought to expand an understanding of that relationship by examining measures of masculinity among a sample of undergraduate heterosexual males ( N = 152) along with pornography consumption variables to assess the predictive value that both pornography consumption and varying levels of masculinity have on sexual aggression. Linear regression analyses indicate that males who had higher scores on the Likelihood of Sexual Force (LSF) measure consumed pornography more often and were more likely to watch male-dominant pornography. In addition, males who had higher scores on LSF exhibited higher masculinity scores on two scales. Results are discussed in the context of the complexities of masculinity and pornography consumption and the implications for prevention programs on college campuses.

Evaluative Attitudes May Explain the Link Between Injunctive Norms and Sexual Aggression

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052092630
Author(s):  
Chloe I. Pedneault ◽  
Kevin L. Nunes ◽  
Chantal A. Hermann ◽  
Kristen White
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Male Undergraduate ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

The current study examined the extent to which evaluative attitudes toward sexual aggression (i.e., positive or negative evaluative judgments about sexually aggressive behavior) mediate the association between injunctive norms (i.e., extent to which peers approve or disapprove of sexually aggressive behavior) and self-reported sexual aggression against women. Participants were 200 male undergraduate students. Approximately one in four males reported engaging in at least one sexually aggressive act since the age of 16. Participants with a history of sexual aggression also reported the highest likelihood of engaging in sexually aggressive behavior in the future. We tested two separate mediation models to examine the extent to which evaluative attitudes account for the link between injunctive norms and sexual aggression: one model with self-reported history of sexual aggression as the outcome and the other with likelihood of engaging in sexually aggressive behavior as the outcome. Results showed that more positive evaluative attitudes toward sexual aggression accounted for the association between injunctive norms and self-reported history of sexual aggression. Similarly, evaluative attitudes accounted for the link between injunctive norms and self-reported likelihood of engaging in sexually aggressive behavior in the future. Overall, these findings are consistent with theoretical and empirical explanations of sexual offending and general criminal behavior; however, this is the first study to explore the relationship between injunctive norms and evaluative attitudes in the context of explaining sexually aggressive behavior. If more rigorous research establishes a causal relationship between injunctive norms, evaluative attitudes, and sexually aggressive behavior, this would suggest that targeting these factors in prevention programs may reduce sexual aggression by male undergraduate students.

scholarly journals The effect of the work meaning on organizational commitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-248
Author(s):  
Miae Lee ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
Byungkeol Lee ◽  
Jinkook Tak
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Meaning ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Relationship

The study was designed to investigate the effects of employees’ work meaning on organizational commitment and the moderating effect of transformational leadership on the relationship between work meaning and organizational commitment. Data were collected from 1,000 employees via online survey. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that work meaning explained an additional 26.1% of variance in organizational commitment with controlling demographic variables. Also among three factors of work meaning, self-actualization was the most important factor in explaining organizational commitment, and was followed by making a living and social relationships in order. Transformational leadership was found to play a moderating role on the relationship between self-actualization work meaning and organizational commitment. The higher transformational leadership of leaders was, the stronger relationship between self-actualization and organizational commitment was. This study showed that organizational commitment is influenced by work meaning and leadership style, and interactions of the two variables. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for the future research were discussed.

scholarly journals Sexual aggression in sport

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Daniel Mark Carter ◽  
Roxanne Khan ◽  
Gayle Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Prevention Methods

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the sexual aggression in sport literature, including an analysis of interventions delivered to athletes that focus on the role of the coach and wider sporting community. The paper will also discuss the limitations of applying such prevention methods and possible directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides an overview of research investigating the prevalence of sexually aggressive behaviour perpetrated by athletes, theoretical explanations of their sexual misconduct, and the application of violence prevention methods delivered to athletes. Findings Research findings are discussed in relation to the prevalence of sexual aggression in sport and the efficacy of prevention methods. Originality/value This is a viewpoint piece on sexual aggression in sport.

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