Behavioral and Cardiovascular Responses to Frustration During Simulated Driving Tasks in Young Adults With and Without Attention Disorder Symptoms

Objective: The present study examined the role of negative emotions on driving performance in relation to ADHD, by comparing young adults scoring high on measures of ADHD ( n = 20) with a control group ( n = 22). Method: The authors used cardiorespiratory physiological measures, simulated driving behavior, and self-report to examine how participants with high and low ADHD symptoms responded to frustration and to determine how frustration affected simulated driving performance. Results: Groups did not differ in operational driving skills, but participants with high ADHD symptoms reported more frustration and exhibited more impairment at the tactical level of driving performance than the controls. There was significant suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia from resting baseline during tasks, but it did not differ between groups during driving. Conclusion: This article proposes that remedial driver training for ADHD populations should focus more on the control of negative emotions rather than on attention or fundamental driving skills. (J. of Att. Dis. 2012; 16(6) 478-490)

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Distress tolerance across self-report, behavioral and psychophysiological domains in women with eating disorders and healthy controls

10.1101/170217 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Angelina Yiu ◽

Kara Christensen ◽

Jean M. Arlt ◽

Eunice Y. Chen

Keyword(s):

Skin Conductance ◽

Distress Tolerance ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Self Report ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sinus Arrhythmia ◽

Skin Conductance Responses ◽

Serial Addition

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe tendency to engage in impulsive behaviors when distressed is linked to engagement in disordered eating. The current study comprehensively examines emotional responses to a distress tolerance task by utilizing self-report, psychophysiological measures (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA], skin conductance responses [SCRs] and tonic skin conductance levels [SCLs]), and behavioral measures (i.e., termination of task, latency to quit task).Methods26 healthy controls (HCs) and a sample of treatment-seeking women with Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and Anorexia Nervosa (AN) (N=106) completed the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task-Computerized (PASAT-C). Psychophysiological measurements were collected during baseline, PASAT-C, and recovery, then averaged for each time-period. Self-reported emotions were collected at baseline, post-PASAT-C and post-recovery.ResultsOverall, we found an effect of Time, with all participants reporting greater negative emotions, less happiness, lower RSA, more SCRs and higher tonic SCLs after completion of the PASAT-C relative to baseline. There were no differences in PASAT-C performance between groups. There was an effect of Group for negative emotions, with women with BN, BED and AN reporting overall higher levels of negative emotions relative to HCs. Furthermore, we found an effect of Group for greater urges to binge eat and lower RSA values among BED, relative to individuals with BN, AN and HCs.LimitationsThis study is cross-sectional and lacked an overweight healthy control group.ConclusionDuring the PASAT-C, individuals with EDs compared to HCs report higher levels of negative emotions, despite similar physiological and behavioral manifestations of distress.

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Do Type 2 diabetes patients have declined driving performance during non-hypoglycemia? A preliminary simulated driving study

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1541931213601687 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 858-862 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shu Ma ◽

Jingyu Zhang ◽

Guozhen Zhao ◽

Changxu Wu ◽

Xianghong Sun

Keyword(s):

Indirect Evidence ◽

Driving Performance ◽

Driving Safety ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetes Research ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Simulated Driving ◽

Healthy Control

Due to the prevalence of diabetes, research interests about its everyday consequences such as driving have grown. Previous studies have found hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) can seriously endanger driving safety. However, some recent indirect evidence suggests that diabetics’ driving performance can also be undermined in non-hypoglycemia conditions. By comparing healthy participants with type 2 diabetic patients in non-hypoglycemia conditions on their driving performance in a simulated driving task, this study sought to find such an effect. The results showed that participants with diabetes mellitus have a significantly longer brake reaction time and brake transfer time, and significantly shorter minimum time to collision than the healthy control group. These results indicate that diabetes may exert negative influences on key driving performance even during non-hypoglycemia. We further discussed who are more susceptible to such performance declination and the possible countermeasures.

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The attitudes and feelings of mental health nurses towards adolescents and young adults with nonsuicidal self-injuring behaviors

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health ◽

10.1186/s13034-020-00343-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matejka Pintar Babič ◽

Branko Bregar ◽

Maja Drobnič Radobuljac

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Young Adults ◽

Psychiatric Hospital ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Working Environment ◽

Self Report ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Supervisory Support ◽

Self Harm

Abstract Background Attitudes towards patients with self-harm behaviors are decisive for the quality of the relationship of healthcare professionals towards them, which is further linked to successful treatment. In mental health settings, nurses are the ones spending the longest time caring for these patients. Nurses often experience negative emotions while delivering care which may lead to professional burnout and suboptimal patient care. The purpose of this study was to explore the feelings and attitudes of nurses working in different psychiatric hospital settings toward adolescents and young adults with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Subjects and methods The subjects were nurses from the tertiary psychiatric hospital who deliver mental health care to patients with NSSI on a daily basis (n = 76; 20 males, 56 females; average age 42 ± 8 years; average working experience 20 ± 9 years). Data were collected via a self-report questionnaire consisting of three parts (sociodemographic data, Emotional Burden, Adapted Self-Harm Antipathy-Scale). In the latter two parts of the questionnaire, the subjects rated their level of agreement with the emotions and statements on a five-point Likert scale. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis. The statistical significance was set to p < 0.05. Results The emotions of nurses towards patients with NSSI were not very negative and the attitudes were positive. Powerlessness was the most prevalent (3.55 ± 1.038) of the studied emotions, followed by uncertainty (3.21 ± 1.225). The subjects disagreed with feeling anger (2.34 ± 1.17) and despair (2.07 ± 1.09) and were undecided about being afraid (3.07 ± 1.2). The nurses with higher education felt more negative emotions than those with medium education. Education did not affect nurses’ attitudes. The nurses from non-psychotherapeutic units felt more negative emotions and less positive attitudes than those from psychotherapeutic units. Gender did not affect the emotions felt towards patients, but the female nurses held more positive and less negative attitudes. Conclusions The respondents expressed low levels of negative emotions and positive and caring attitudes towards patients with NSSI, indicating a good predisposition for empathetic work and long-term burnout prevention. However, the differences observed with regards to education, gender and especially working environment indicate the different needs for environmental, educational and supervisory support.

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Associations between inattention and impulsivity ADHD symptoms and disordered eating risk in a community sample of young adults

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720004638 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

E. Martin ◽

C. T. Dourish ◽

R. Hook ◽

S. R. Chamberlain ◽

S. Higgs

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Disordered Eating ◽

Risk Model ◽

Community Sample ◽

Self Report ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Third ◽

Trait Impulsivity ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and trait impulsivity have been associated with disordered eating but are seldom assessed in community studies, or longitudinally and little is known about the mediating mechanisms. Methods We tested associations between ADHD symptoms and disordered eating cross-sectionally and between trait impulsivity and disordered eating longitudinally. We utilised data from a normative cohort of young adults (642 participants: 65% female, Mage = 23 years). Participants were classified as high risk or low risk for disordered eating using the SCOFF instrument. In the first two steps of both cross-sectional and longitudinal hierarchical logistic regression models, demographics and covariates were entered. For the cross-sectional regression, Adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS) scores, separated into inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, were entered in the third step. In a separate longitudinal model, Barratt impulsivity scale subscales (attentional, motor and non-planning impulsivity) were entered in the third step. Depression, as assessed by the moods and feelings questionnaire (MFQ), was examined as a mediator. Results Cross-sectionally, sex, MFQ score and inattentive symptoms predicted disordered eating risk (model R2 = 20%). Longitudinally, sex, MFQ score and attentional impulsivity predicted disordered eating risk (model R2 = 16%). The relationship between inattentive symptoms and the disordered eating risk was partially mediated by MFQ score, whereas the relationship between attentional impulsivity and the disordered eating risk was fully mediated by MFQ scores. Conclusions These data highlight (1) a specific role for inattentive symptoms of ADHD and (2) the importance of both depression and impulsivity in predicting eating disorder risk.

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Low self-awareness of ADHD in adults using a self-report screening questionnaire

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.08.013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 314-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

I. Manor ◽

N. Vurembrandt ◽

S. Rozen ◽

D. Gevah ◽

A. Weizman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Assessment ◽

Subscale Score ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Control Group ◽

Self Awareness ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Screening Questionnaire ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractIntroductionAwareness of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults has been growing over the last decade. One of the most interesting issues related to this topic is these adults’ self-awareness of their ADHD symptoms and their estimation of their own impairments. Our hypothesis while studying young adult ADHD populations was that there would be a significant difference between their self-report and their clinical assessment.MethodOne hundred and three students volunteered for this study. In order to validate our ADHD screening questionnaire (ADHD-SQ), and to assess the level of awareness they have of their own symptoms, participants underwent a complete clinical assessment for ADHD. They were divided into a control group (n = 24), and an ADHD study group (n = 79), which in turn was composed of two sub-groups, one comprising 24 ADHD predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I) and the other 55 ADHD combined type (ADHD-C).ResultsFactor analysis yielded two factors explaining 41% of the variance. The Inattention (IA) subscale score tended to be higher in both ADHD sub-groups as compared to the control group (6.5±2.1 vs. 2.34±2.3 with P<0.001), with no significant difference between the two ADHD sub-groups. Hyperactivity Impulsivity (HI) subscale was significantly higher for the ADHD-C sub-group than in the ADHD-I sub-group, whose score was similar to that of the control group (control: 1.6±2.1; ADHD-I: 1.55±1.0; ADHD-C: 4.5±2.6, P<0.0001). Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis showed similar results. The area under the curve (AUC) of IA subscale score was 0.90 (95% confidence: 0.83–0.96) and for HI subscale score was 0.75, (95% confidence: 0.63–0.86). Classification into groups used a cut-off point of 3+ items out of nine, in the SQ and 6+ items out of nine in the clinical assessment. These two classifications showed 68% agreement (46% sensitivity and 95% specificity). In both ADHD sub-groups, the self-reported average number of positive symptoms per student was relatively low for both clusters; this phenomenon was pronounced in the specific subtypes. The self-rated HI cluster score was considerably low in the ADHD-C sub-group (4.5±2.6), and the IA one was particularly low in the ADHD-IADHD-I sub-group (5.9±1.9).ConclusionThis study's results indicate that ADHD symptoms are under-reported for both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive clusters, indicating that adults with ADHD tend to under-estimate their own ADHD-related impairments. We suggest that this questionnaire may be used both in research and academic settings to help counsellors and students to obtain early indication of ADHD and to refer students suspected of having ADHD to full clinical assessment.

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Parenting practices of Singaporean mothers of children with ADHD

Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare ◽

10.1177/2010105817714805 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

Alefiya Nomanbhoy ◽

Russell Hawkins

Keyword(s):

Adult Adhd ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Control Group ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Parenting Skills ◽

Parenting Strategies ◽

Parent Rating ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Care Giving

Objectives: We wanted to determine: (1) whether ADHD symptoms were more common in mothers of children with ADHD; (2) whether mothers of children with ADHD differed in their parenting strategies; and (3) whether there was a difference in care-giving arrangements for children with ADHD and without ADHD. This was done by comparing mothers of children with ADHD with mothers of children without ADHD in Singapore. Methods: Mothers of children with ADHD ( n=46) and mothers of children without ADHD ( n=45) completed the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised, the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale-Self Report and the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire. Results: Mothers of children with ADHD did not report higher levels of current ADHD symptoms compared with the control group. However, they did use less adaptive parenting strategies. There were also no differences in the reported behaviours of children cared for by a paid worker and those cared for by mothers. Conclusions: Data support the Singapore Clinical Guidelines recommendations for the promotion of parenting skills, and referral to parenting programmes for parents of children with ADHD. The promotion of parenting skills and referral to parenting programmes for mothers of children with ADHD might include the option of electronic forms of programme delivery. The model of using paid help in the home, which is commonplace in Singapore, does not seem to disadvantage children with ADHD.

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What Is the Driving Performance of Ambulatory Surgical Patients after General Anesthesia?

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-200511000-00008 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 103 (5) ◽

pp. 951-956 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Frances Chung ◽

Leonid Kayumov ◽

David R. Sinclair ◽

Reginald Edward ◽

Henry J. Moller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Anesthesia ◽

Arthroscopic Surgery ◽

Subjective Assessment ◽

Driving Performance ◽

Driving Simulation ◽

Surgical Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Impaired Driving ◽

Simulation Performance ◽

Driving Skills

Background Ambulatory surgical patients are advised to refrain from driving for 24 h postoperatively. However, currently there is no strong evidence to show that driving skills and alertness have resumed in patients by 24 h after general anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether impaired driver alertness had been restored to normal by 2 and 24 h after general anesthesia in patients who underwent ambulatory surgery. Methods Twenty patients who underwent left knee arthroscopic surgery were studied. Their driving simulation performance, electroencephalographically verified parameters of sleepiness, subjective assessment of sleepiness, fatigue, alertness, and pain were measured preoperatively and 2 and 24 h postoperatively. The same measurements were performed in a matched control group of 20 healthy individuals. Results Preoperatively, patients had significantly higher attention lapses and lower alertness levels versus normal controls. Significantly impaired driving skills and alertness, including longer reaction time, higher occurrence of attention lapses, and microsleep intrusions, were found 2 h postoperatively versus preoperatively. No significantly differences were found in any driving performance parameters or electroencephalographically verified parameters 24 h postoperatively versus preoperatively. Conclusions Patients showed lower alertness levels and impaired driving skills preoperatively and 2 h postoperatively. Based on driving simulation performance and subjective assessments, patients are safe to drive 24 h after general anesthesia.

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Self-report measures of distractibility as correlates of simulated driving performance

Accident Analysis & Prevention ◽

10.1016/j.aap.2009.04.012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 874-880 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Steven J. Kass ◽

Kristen E. Beede ◽

Stephen J. Vodanovich

Keyword(s):

Driving Performance ◽

Self Report ◽

Simulated Driving

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Associations Among Internet Addiction, Genetic Polymorphisms, Family Functioning, and Psychopathological Risk: Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study

JMIR Mental Health ◽

10.2196/17341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. e17341

Author(s):

Luca Cerniglia ◽

Silvia Cimino ◽

Eleonora Marzilli ◽

Esterina Pascale ◽

Renata Tambelli

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Family Functioning ◽

Genetic Polymorphisms ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Monoamine Oxidase A ◽

Self Report ◽

Control Group ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Mao A

Background International research has emphasized that youths are at higher risk for the onset of internet addiction (IA), but studies investigating biological, psychological, and social factors associated with this condition are limited. Objective This study aims to investigate the possible association between IA and genetic polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), serotonin-transporter (5-HTTPR), dopamine receptor (DRD4), and dopamine transporter (DAT1) genes by considering the role played by the perception of young adults in their family functioning and their depression, anxiety, and avoidant personality problems. Methods In a sample of 104 male and female young adults aged between 19 and 23 years (mean age 21.87, SD 2.29 years) recruited from universities in the central southern part of Italy, we addressed the presence of IA using the Young criteria of the IA test. Moreover, the perception of young adults of their family functioning and their psychopathological symptoms were assessed through the Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the Adult Self-Report, respectively. Results We found no significant association between IA and any genetic polymorphisms, neither among males or females. Young adults with IA reported significantly higher scores in the subscale of FAD affective responsiveness (AR; P=.01) and in depressive problems (P=.02), anxiety problems (P=.009), and avoidant personality problems (P=.003) than those in the control group. Results of mediation analyses showed a mediation role played by depressive symptoms (B=0.99; 95% CI 0.22 to 1.97) and avoidant personality problems (B=1.09; 95% CI 0.32 to 2.05) of young adults on the relationship between the FAD, AR, and IA. Finally, this relationship was moderated by the genotype of the 5-HTTLPR (P<.001), DAT1 (P<.001), and MAO-A (P<.001) genes in young adults. Conclusions This exploratory study supports the recent evidence on the mutual relationship among biological, individual, and social risk factors associated with IA in young adulthood. Our findings may have important clinical implications for the development of prevention and treatment programs.

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Emotional Dysregulation And Quality of Life In Young Adults With ADHD- A Cross Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-710647/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maayan Ben Dor Cohen ◽

Eran Eldar ◽

Adina Maeir ◽

Mor Nahun

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Young Adults ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Emotional Dysregulation ◽

Self Report ◽

Adhd Group ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with emotional dysregulation (ED) and impaired quality of life (QoL). However, the role of ED in explaining the relationship between ADHD and QoL is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to do so in a sample of non-referred young adults with and without ADHD.Method: The study design was cross-sectional. A non-clinical sample of 62 young adults with ADHD (mean age = 24.86 years, SD = 3.25) and 69 controls (mean age = 23.84 years, SD = 2.59) were recruited. The Adult ADHD Quality-of-Life scale was used to measure QoL; The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale was used to measure ADHD symptoms. The Self-Report Wender-Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale were used to measure ED. Group differences on all measures were tested using univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance, while controlling for age. Univariate analyses of variance were conducted to investigate the possible effect of medication on all outcome measures in the ADHD group. Finally, a moderation analysis was used in order to examine the impact of ED on QoL beyond that accounted for by ADHD symptoms.Results: Both QoL and ED were significantly worse for the ADHD group compared to the control group. The medication status of the ADHD group participants had no significant effect on the level of ADHD symptoms, ED or QoL. ED moderated the effect of ADHD symptoms on QoL for the ADHD group.Conclusion: The findings support the centrality of ED in ADHD and its crucial influence on QoL. Young adults with ADHD and high levels of ED are at risk for aversive impact on their well-being regardless of their ADHD symptoms level.

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