Evaluating and Enhancing Driving Skills for Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities Through Simulator Training

2021 ◽  
pp. 108835762098545
Author(s):  
Kristina N. Randall ◽  
Joseph B. Ryan ◽  
Jordan N. Stierle ◽  
Sharon M. Walters ◽  
William Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Safe Learning Environment ◽  
Driver's License ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Lane Position

Research consistently demonstrates that attainment of a driver’s license and access to a vehicle directly and favorably influence employment outcomes, enhance one’s ability to capitalize on quality jobs, and expand one’s access to community and independent opportunities. This study used a driving simulator to provide driving lessons to 12 young adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs). The purpose was to use a safe learning environment to screen candidates for those who showed the potential to obtain a driver’s license. Instruction was provided using a set of interactive exercises focusing on controlling the vehicle via lane keeping, speed maintenance, and obstacle avoidance tasks. Results revealed that simulator training provided a safe learning environment to identify individuals demonstrating the potential to safely operate a motor vehicle. Participants demonstrated moderate to large gains in maintaining lane position, speed, braking response, and target detection. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.

scholarly journals ‘I’m sure we made it a better study…’: Experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities and parent carers of patient and public involvement in a health research study

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Beighton ◽  
Christina Victor ◽  
Iain M Carey ◽  
Fay Hosking ◽  
Steve DeWilde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Patient And Public Involvement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Group Interviews

Patient and public involvement is considered integral to health research in the United Kingdom; however, studies documenting the involvement of adults with intellectual disabilities and parent carers in health research studies are scarce. Through group interviews, this study explored the perspectives and experiences of a group of adults with intellectual disabilities and a group of parent carers about their collaborative/participatory involvement in a 3-year study which explored the effectiveness of annual health checks for adults with intellectual disabilities. Thematic analysis identified five key themes consistent across both groups; authenticity of participation, working together, generating new outcome measures, dissemination of findings and involvement in future research. Although reported anecdotally rather than originating from the analysis, increased self-confidence is also discussed. The groups’ unique perspectives led to insights not previously considered by the research team which led to important recommendations to inform healthcare practice.

Meaning and Value of Productivity to Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Lysaght ◽  
Hélène Ouellette-Kuntz ◽  
Carole Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Personal Projects ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract Involvement in productivity roles such as work, volunteerism, and personal projects plays a central role in the lives of most adults and is associated with enhanced physical and mental health. This study examined the meaning of productivity to adults with intellectual disabilities, their satisfaction with the roles they held, and contributors and barriers to achieving satisfying productivity outcomes. The results suggest a number of key areas to address in future research and practice, including systemic and social barriers to choice and meaningful participation.

scholarly journals Effects of Physical Exercise on Motor Skills and Body Composition of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Detailed Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Milan Mitic ◽  
◽  
Marko Aleksandrovic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

People with intellectual disabilities (ID) make up about 2% of the total population, in addition to the cognitive and social problems which they face, physical abilities are at a very low level, during life. At the same time, people with ID show deficits in motor status which is associated with poor perception of information and inability to execute movements and with constant variation of body status indicators. The aim of this detailed review was to summarize previous works that examined the effects that regular physical activity has on motor and physical status in ID. The following index databases were used to collect adequate literature: GoogleScholar, PubMed, SciIndex, ResearchGate, MEDLINE. A systematic review of the available literature was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The training processes of people with ID are adapted to the level of disability. Research that has studied the effects of adequate and regular physical activity highlights the importance of these programs in reducing the consequences and improving the quality of life of this population, improving motor skills and body composition, in the future this knowledge should be combined with the benefits of nutritional programs to see the overall effects on motor skills and body composition in people with ID, so future research examining long-term positive sides is necessary.

scholarly journals Commentary on “Dietitians’ challenges when consulting to adults with intellectual disabilities”

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Triantafyllopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider issues around obesity and overweight for people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). Design/methodology/approach A review of the literature is provided looking at issues around overweight and obesity for adults with IDs. Both prevalence studies and intervention studies were considered. Findings The prevalence of overweight and obesity is considerably higher for adults with IDs when compared to the general population. Intervention studies focusing on multiple components seem to be the most effective. However, future research should focus on randomised control trials taking into consideration the views of people with IDs. Originality/value This paper synthesizes some of the available evidence on obesity and overweight for adults with IDs providing clear recommendations for the future.

Assessing attachment status in adults with intellectual disabilities: the potential of the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna J Gallichan ◽  
Carol George
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Adult Attachment Projective ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP) as a measure of attachment state of mind in adults with intellectual disabilities. The AAP is a free response picture system method of assessing patterns of adult attachment with established validity and reliability in community and clinical samples. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports on five cases of adults with intellectual disabilities who were administered the AAP as part of routine clinical work. The AAP administration procedure was modified to take account of the participants’ intellectual disabilities. Findings – It was possible to code and classify each AAP using the established coding and classification system. The authors coded four cases blind to each other ' s classification; they agreed on classifications for three cases and reached consensus on the fourth. The AAP analysis showed strong correspondence with case history material. Originality/value – The AAP demonstrates the potential to assess attachment state of mind in adults with intellectual disabilities and is the first developmental measure of attachment status that has shown potential in this population. The paper discusses clinical application of the AAP and directions for future research.

scholarly journals Dynamic interactions between spatial change and travel behavior variation in old town fringe

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 559-584
Author(s):  
Wenzhu Zhou ◽  
Qiao Li ◽  
Zhibin Li ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Driver's License ◽  
Plot Ratio ◽  
Correlated Factors ◽  
The Impact

Old town fringe area is changing in its spatial features, and these changes correspondingly result in variations in travel behaviors. Taking the spatial characteristics and travel behavior data of the Nanjing Old Town Fringe (OTF) area in 2010 and 2015 as an example, we conducted a comparative study for two years. First, based on the identification of the spatial range of OTF in these two years by using travel data mutation points and the Point of Information (POI) kernel analysis method, the significant change in the OTF area, from marginal areas in 2010 to non-marginal areas in 2015, was identified. Second, multiple logit models were used to evaluate the impact of the built environment and economic and social attributes of residents on the choice of travel modes, as well as the different impact factors. From the perspective of overall performance, with reference to the behavior of choosing motor vehicle travel, from 2010 to 2015, the significant correlation of factors in promoting residents to choose walking, cycling or public transit changed. Moreover, there were three different dynamic characteristics of this correlation change: (1) the correlation of factors was significant and stable from 2010 to 2015; (2) the correlation of factors was significant in 2010 but not significant in 2015; (3) the correlation of factors was not significant in 2010 but was significant in 2015. It was found that the correlated factors of fluctuation were mainly social attribute factors, for example, education, gender, age, whether having a driver’s license, etc. Therefore, in future research and practice, we need to focus on the impact of stable correlated factors (such as shortest distance to downtown, plot ratio, occupation, etc.) and factors with increasing correlations (such as bus coverage, gender, age, etc.). And the land-mix factor needs to be considered from both vertical and horizontal perspectives. This will have certain significance and help future development of OTF areas.

Challenges in Hazard Detection for Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers: A Driving Simulator Training Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (34) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
George D. Park ◽  
Jeffrey S. Hickman ◽  
Sean P. Pitoniak ◽  
Theodore J. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Training System ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Hazard Detection ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Commercial Motor Vehicle

There are few research studies that have assessed the hazard detection (HD) challenges of experienced, skilled drivers. This paper presents the pilot study results of an HD training program, Commercial Driver Assessment and Training System (CDATS), developed for commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers. The training involved simulation-based videos that highlight potential vehicle, pedestrian, and visually hidden hazards during unprotected intersection maneuvers: left-turn, right-turn, and straight-thru. Low-fidelity driving simulations were designed to reinforce video lessons and increase the expectation and detection of potential hazards. Training efficacy was assessed using a driving simulator HD task presented to short-haul CMV drivers ( N = 16) at pre-/post-assignment to CDATS training or a control condition. Results suggested that CMV drivers had highest HD task accuracy (% correct) for vehicle hazards and lowest accuracy for visually hidden hazards. Performance for pedestrian hazards was dependent on the intersection maneuver, with performance decreases for left-turn, right-turn and straight-thru intersections, respectively. Post-test results suggested overall HD improvement in the CDATS training group with no change in the control group; however, there was no significant change in relative hazard type by intersection maneuver pattern. Similar to prior research, experienced CMV drivers may also exhibit challenges in HD, particularly for visually hidden and visible pedestrian hazards, and may benefit from HD training.

Restraint of adults with intellectual disabilities: A critical review of the prevalence and characteristics associated with its use

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Fitton ◽  
Dominic Ryan Jones
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Background: As part of their care, adults with intellectual disabilities are often subject to restrictive interventions including restraint. Method: A review examining the prevalence of restraint use with people with intellectual disabilities and the characteristics associated with its use. Results: The seven papers identified used quantitative methodologies and had cross-sectional designs. Prevalence rates of restraint ranged from 11% to 78%, multiple forms of restraint were common. Most studies focused on characteristics within the person with an intellectual disability, three considered external factors. Challenging behaviour was the most consistent characteristic associated with the use of restraint, but how this was defined varied. Conclusions: The review highlights a need for more consistent means of defining and measuring restraint and its associated characteristics. Future research into this area may also want to focus on the context of restraint such as whether it is the least restrictive option used.

Aging in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Tracy Lazenby-Paterson ◽  
Hannah Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Swallowing Disorders ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

The literature recognizes the important role of the Speech and Language Pathologist (SLP) in the treatment of communication and swallowing disorders in children with Intellectual Disabilities (ID). However there is also a need to emphasize the importance of specialist SLP input across the lifespan of people with ID, and to recognize the specific, ongoing and changing communication and swallowing needs of adults with ID as they get older.

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