Physical Education Curriculum is Effective in Development of Motor Abilities in 9th grade School Children?

Physical education plays an important role in developing motor abilities, skills and competence in children. Main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of physical education curriculum by assessing in 9 th grade school- children: (1) abdominal muscle strength; (2) lower back muscle strength; (3) upper limbs muscle strength; (4) lower limbs muscle strength; (5) explosive leg power; and (6) flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles, at the beginning, and at the end of the school term. Basic mathematical and appropriate statistical methods were used in order to calculate descriptive statistical parameters, Skewness and Kurtosis values, as well as Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, were used in order to examine whether data have a normal distribution, and a Student’s t-test was applied in order to test if there is a statistically significant difference in children’s motor abilities between the beginning and the end of the school term. For this purpose, we used Microsoft Office Excel 2010. At the end of the second school term, children in 9 th grade have shown better results in all assessed variables, meaning they have increased motor ability levels after 4 months of applying specific exercises within the thematic plan of the physical education curriculum, which leads to the conclusion that physical education curriculum allows us to introduce effective tasks in increasing strength, explosive power and flexibility in 9 th grade school children.

Effects of Physical Exercise on Motor Skills and Body Composition of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Detailed Review

People with intellectual disabilities (ID) make up about 2% of the total population, in addition to the cognitive and social problems which they face, physical abilities are at a very low level, during life. At the same time, people with ID show deficits in motor status which is associated with poor perception of information and inability to execute movements and with constant variation of body status indicators. The aim of this detailed review was to summarize previous works that examined the effects that regular physical activity has on motor and physical status in ID. The following index databases were used to collect adequate literature: GoogleScholar, PubMed, SciIndex, ResearchGate, MEDLINE. A systematic review of the available literature was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The training processes of people with ID are adapted to the level of disability. Research that has studied the effects of adequate and regular physical activity highlights the importance of these programs in reducing the consequences and improving the quality of life of this population, improving motor skills and body composition, in the future this knowledge should be combined with the benefits of nutritional programs to see the overall effects on motor skills and body composition in people with ID, so future research examining long-term positive sides is necessary.

The Impact of Recreational Exercises on Older Women: A Systematic Review

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of regular exercise in the prevention system or the elderly in order to improve the quality of their life. The four electronic databases are researched for collecting articles (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science). A search was conducted by title, taking a predefined combination of the following keywords into account: recreational exercise, Senior Fitness Test, older women. The search was undertaken in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. 136 studies were identified, of which 18 met the inclusion criteria. It has been determined that regular physical activity enables the improvement of the quality of life and positively affects the health of the examined groups, but older people represent a physically inactive part of the population.

Comparative Analysis of Anthropometric Parameters as Obesity Indicators for Sixth Grade Girls from Different Regions in Montenegro

The main goal of this research was to determine the differences in nutritional levels between sixth grade female students from Central, Northern and Southern region of Montenegro. The sample consisted of 43 girls aged 11- 12 years, who were divided into 3 subsamples, according to the criterion of place of residence. The following variables were measured: body height, body weight, and waist circumference. Level of nutrition was calculated using two indices body mass index and waist-to-height ratio index, which are presented numerically and in percentages. Basic central and dispersion parameters were calculated for each variable. Differences in nutrition levels between regions were calculated by the Chi square test. According to the results, female students from the Northern region are more obese than the other two regions. Also, not too worrying percentages of obese children have been obtained, but we should definitely work on its prevention and prevention of its occurrence.

Research and Writing Activities in the Field of Sport Science Publishing in Montenegro

The goal of this study is to analyse the scientific productivity of Montenegrin researchers in the field of sports sciences, as well as the trend of publishing in Montenegrin sports sciences journals. The research covers studies with a focus on the sports sciences issues published in the period from 2002 to 2019. Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science (the electronic databases) were searched for articles available until September 22, 2021. Results were summarized according to the instructions of PRISMA guidelines and present the number of citations, h-index, i10-index and the number of articles by the authors. The study results shows that researchers from the field of sports sciences publish multiple publications in 2021 compared to 2002. In Google scholar database citation rate is highest, and span from 596 and 14959. On the other side, the same researchers were cited quite less in Scopus and Web of Science databases. When we talk about Montenegrin journals, three are registered in the Google Scholar Database. The Sport Mont journal is the most cited one with the highest h-index (44); the Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine is the best ranked Montenegrin journal according to the bibliometric data from the Scopus and Web of Science databases; the Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education have constant progress in the last years. It was indicated the highest impact was recognized in the last four years, according to citations of available articles published by Montenegrin authors. Also, the number of published articles in the last four year is significant, and progress can be expected in the future.

The Attitudes of Montenegrin Billiard Players towards Necessity to Establish Billiard Association

In Montenegro billiards has it's long history, but according to fact that it is actively and en masse played throughout Montenegro, it certainly has it's present and future. Aim of this research is to examine attitudes of billiard players from Montenegro towards necessity to establish billiard association. The instrument of this research is a survey questionnaire. The respondents are active billiard players from Montenegro, 78 of them, average age of 33.35±7.94 years, who expressed their attitudes by choosing one of offered answers on asked question. This study results are analysed by Google Forms platform. Based on the results of this research, the conclusion is that Montenegrin billiard players consider that Montenegro needs to establish national billiard association.

Cost of Healthcare is Skyrocketing in the USA: A Broken Medicare Must be Reformed

This short report discusses the current cost of the healthcare system in the United States. The affordability problems in the United States stem directly from insufficient competition of drug prices from the Medicare system. This report provided evidence about how the proposed Medicare reforms are skewed and would unlikely end the blank-check approach to pricing of Medicare that drives our healthcare spending and affordability problems.

Field Audit of Strength and Conditioning Coaches’ Instructional and Motivational Language Repertoire

Strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches must employ psychological skills to optimally motivate athletes and promote their well-being. Yet, S&C coaches feel uncomfortable in their ability to apply such skills, highlighting a need for the development of science-based, practical tools. The purpose of this study was to examine the verbal language used by S&C coaches in publicly available YouTube videos through the Psychological Capital Model (PCM) lens. Coaches’ statements (N = 178) were transcribed verbatim and coded into one of the eight dimensions of the PCM. Significant differences were found in S&C coaches’ use of the eight developmental dimensions of the PCM, x 2 (7, N = 173) = 139.52, p < .0001, C = .67. Three PCM developmental dimensions were overused (i.e., standard residuals ranging from +2.76 to +7.10; i.e., experiencing success/modeling others [n = 54, 31.2%], building efficacy/confidence [n = 48, 27.8%], and implementing obstacle planning [n = 34, 19.7%]), while five were underused (i.e., standard residuals ranging from -2.23 to -4.18; i.e., building assets/avoiding risk [n = 11, 6.4%], persuasion and arousal [n = 10, 5.8%], affecting the influence process [n = 9, 5.2%]), goals and pathway design [n = 5, 2.9%]), and developing positive expectancy [n = 2, 1.2%]). To facilitate the use of a more diverse set of psychological strategies, this study offers a collection of 40 practice- and science-based motivational statements – five for each of the eight PCM dimensions – that S&C coaches may use and build upon to improve their own coaching language and practices.

Differences in the Anthropological Status of Young Football Players in Relation to the Chronological age within one Calendar Year

The aim of this research is to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the anthropological status of young football players in relation to chronological age within one calendar year. The sample consisted of a total of 50 male respondents, Technical School “Mihajlo Pupin” students from the municipality of Indjija. The sample was divided into two subsamples according to chronological age (born by June 30, 2005; born July 1, 2005 and later). The students are also members of the football club in which they train. By examining the morphological characteristics, data were obtained in the following variables: body height, body mass and body mass index. Static and explosive power testing data were obtained in the following variables: standing long jump, bent arm hang and running 30 meters. It was concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between young football players of different chronological ages in anthropological status. No differences were found in the total space of tested and measured variables (MANOVA) nor in the individual space (ANOVA). The research included two anthropological spaces, morphological and motor, and none of them showed differences between young football players of different chronological ages. Out of a total of six measured and tested variables, the only variable that was on the border of the difference between the groups was running 30 meters, which may indicate that different explosive power of the lower extremities between the two tested groups, in this case, in favor of the younger group.

The Effects Of Physical Activity On Obesity Among The Population Of Different Ages: A Systematic Review

The aim of this research is a systematic review of the available literature with the effects of physical activity (aerobic training, strength endurance training, etc.) on the obesity of the population of different ages. For collection of previous research on the impact of physical activity on motor fitness, the following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, SCIndeks, PEDro, J-GATE, SCIndes, DOAJ and Google Scholar. The works in the period from 2000 to 2019 were searched. The following keywords were used in the database search: exercise, physical activity, children, adult, aerobic training, resistance training, walking. This systematic review was conducted in agreement with the PRISMA guidelines. The results of the analyzed works indicated that only 20 works met the set selection criteria. In the analyzed works were 845 respondents. In the most researches, the training program lasted 12 weeks, while the shortest program lasted only 5 weeks. Combining endurance training with aerobic training has been shown as the most effective method in the prevention and treatment of obesity.