Linking Homeostatically Protected Mood, Mindfulness, and Depression: A Conceptual Synthesis and Model of Moodfulness

2021 ◽  
pp. 108926802110175
Author(s):  
Kimina Lyall ◽  
Antonina Mikocka-Walus ◽  
Subhadra Evans ◽  
Robert A. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Theoretical View ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Homeostatically Protected Mood

Mindfulness is an ancient practice, derived from Buddhism and recently adapted for the treatment of depression and other psychological conditions. The mechanism of action is thought to involve the extinction of habitual or conditioned responses to internal cognitive and emotional content. In turn, this relies on mechanisms of attentional control and emotion regulation. The resulting state of consciousness is sometimes described as equanimity. This conceptual review paper explores the process of achieving equanimity within a homeostatic framework. The result is a model of moodfulness, which combines mindfulness with Homeostatically Protected Mood to provide a new theoretical view of recovery from symptoms of depression. This model presents a case for mindfulness restoration of mood homeostasis following homeostatic defeat.

scholarly journals Repurposing Ketamine in Depression and Related Disorders: Can This Enigmatic Drug Achieve Success?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Carboni ◽  
Anna R. Carta ◽  
Elena Carboni ◽  
Antonello Novelli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Bed Nucleus ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Repurposing ketamine in the therapy of depression could well represent a breakthrough in understanding the etiology of depression. Ketamine was originally used as an anesthetic drug and later its use was extended to other therapeutic applications such as analgesia and the treatment of addiction. At the same time, the abuse of ketamine as a recreational drug has generated a concern for its psychotropic and potential long-term effects; nevertheless, its use as a fast acting antidepressant in treatment-resistant patients has boosted the interest in the mechanism of action both in psychiatry and in the wider area of neuroscience. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the actions of ketamine and intends to cover: (i) the evaluation of its clinical use in the treatment of depression and suicidal behavior; (ii) the potential use of ketamine in pediatrics; (iii) a description of its mechanism of action; (iv) the involvement of specific brain areas in producing antidepressant effects; (v) the potential interaction of ketamine with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; (vi) the effect of ketamine on neuronal transmission in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and on its output; (vii) the evaluation of any gender-dependent effects of ketamine; (viii) the interaction of ketamine with the inflammatory processes involved in depression; (ix) the evaluation of the effects observed with single or repeated administration; (x) a description of any adverse or cognitive effects and its abuse potential. Finally, this review attempts to assess whether ketamine’s use in depression can improve our knowledge of the etiopathology of depression and whether its therapeutic effect can be considered an actual cure for depression rather than a therapy merely aimed to control the symptoms of depression.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Klara Suneson ◽  
Jesper Lindahl ◽  
Simon Chamli Hårsmar ◽  
Gustav Söderberg ◽  
Daniel Lindqvist
Keyword(s):  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Treatment of depression is hampered by the failure to identify distinct symptom profiles with distinct pathophysiologies that differentially respond to distinct treatments. We posit that inflammatory depression is a meaningful depression subtype associated with specific symptoms and biological abnormalities. We review several upstream, potentially causative, mechanisms driving low-grade inflammation in this subtype of depression. We also discuss downstream mechanisms mediating the link between inflammation and symptoms of depression, including alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission and tryptophan metabolism. Finally, we review evidence for several non-pharmacological interventions for inflammatory depression, including probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and physical exercise interventions. While some evidence suggests that these interventions may be efficacious in inflammatory depression, future clinical trials should consider enriching patient populations for inflammatory markers, or stratify patients by inflammatory status, to confirm or refute this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Italia Ti Ascolto [Italy, I am listening]: an app-based group psychological intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Antonia Lucia Parolin ◽  
Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi ◽  
Erika Fanti ◽  
Alberto Milesi ◽  
Pietro Cipresso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Intervention Protocol ◽  
Regulation Strategies

The onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted individuals’ psychological wellbeing resulting in heightened perceived stress, anxiety, and depression. However, a significant issue in accessing psychological care during a lockdown is the lack of access to in-person interventions. In this regard, research has shown the efficacy and utility of psychological app-based interventions. ‘Italia Ti Ascolto’ (ITA) has been developed as a population tailored internet-based intervention to offer an online professional solution for psychological support needs. The ITA app is available on iOS and Android systems. Users completed a baseline assessment on emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), psychological stress, anxiety, depression, and perceived social support. Participants could select among several one-hour long clinical groups held by expert psychotherapists. After every session, people were asked to complete a quick users’ satisfaction survey. Our contribution presents ITA’s intervention protocol and discusses preliminary data on psychological variables collected at baseline. Data showed significant associations between emotion regulation strategies, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and level of stress. Moreover, the role of perceived social support is considered. Future developments and implications for clinical practice and treatment are discussed.

Emotion regulation after acquired brain injury: a study of heart rate variability, attentional control, and psychophysiology

Brain Injury ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1012-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Kim ◽  
Vance Zemon ◽  
Paul Lehrer ◽  
Rollin McCraty ◽  
Marie M. Cavallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury

scholarly journals Treatments recommended by health shops for symptoms of depression

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce E. Reed ◽  
Peter Trigwell
Keyword(s):  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Firm Evidence

Aims and MethodWe assessed the appropriateness of treatments recommended by health shop staff for symptoms of mild-to-moderate depression using participant observation with ten members of staff from ten different health shops selling herbal medicinal preparations.ResultsA wide range of treatment options were suggested by health shop staff when presented with common symptoms of depression. The majority have no firm evidence base, with the exception of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum).Clinical ImplicationsMost alternative treatments recommended by health shops for the treatment of depression have a poor evidence base. Implications for training and communication between agencies are discussed.

The Paradoxical Effect of Two Different Emotion Regulation Processes in the Association Between Shame and Depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s241-s241
Author(s):  
A.L. Mendes ◽  
C. Ferreira ◽  
J. Marta-Simões
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Buffer Effect ◽  
Psychological Inflexibility ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
External Shame ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Experiential avoidance, considered a main process of psychological inflexibility, has been defined as the unwillingness to be in contact with particular unwanted inner experiences and the effort to control or avoid its form, frequency and the context in which they occur. On the other hand, decentering, conceptualized as the ability to deal with feelings, thoughts and emotions as subjective and ephemeral events, which occur in the mind, is considered an important protective process against psychopathology. The present study aimed to explore the moderator effect of two different emotional regulation processes, decentering and experiential avoidance, on the association between external shame and depression. The sample comprised 421 participants (131 males and 290 females), aged between 18 and 34-year-old. Results from two independent path analysis revealed that decentering abilities and experiential avoidance showed a significant moderator effect on the association between external shame and symptoms of depression. In fact, these findings allow to verify that decentering abilities were negatively linked to symptoms of depression. Through a path analysis, the buffer effect of decentering was confirmed. On the contrary, performed tests demonstrated that experiential avoidance exacerbates shame's impact on the severity of depressive symptoms. Taken together, these findings emphasize the importance of targeting maladaptive emotion regulation processes (such as experiential avoidance), and developing adaptive strategies (e.g., decentering abilities), as strategies to diminish depressive symptomatology in prevention and intervention programs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Combination of Trazodone and Phenothiazines: A Possible Additive Hypotensive Effect

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 857-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Asayesh
Keyword(s):  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
Cardiovascular Complication ◽  
Cardiotoxic Effect ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Combined Use

Trazodone a triazolepyridine derivative is known for its therapeutic effect in the treatment of depression since early 60's. It has little catecholamine potentiation or anticholinergic action. It has been reported to have less severe cardiotoxic effect. Mild or transient as well as orthostatic hypotension may be its main cardiovascular complication. Additive hypotensive side effect following combined use of Trazodone and Phenothiazine in two hospitalized patients was observed and documented. Each case is detailed. While the mechanism of action of both agents and their effect on α 1 and α 2 adrenergic receptors has been described, some suggestions are made to explain a possible mechanism for the observed side effect. This finding might be implemented into further research work.

Predicting Symptoms of Depression From Social Anhedonia and Emotion Regulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brennan D. Atherton ◽  
Robert M. Nevels ◽  
Michael T. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Social Anhedonia ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression
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