School Climate, Observed Risky Behaviors, and Victimization as Predictors of High School Students’ Fear and Judgments of School Violence as a Problem

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Avi Astor ◽  
Rami Benbenishty ◽  
Anat Zeira ◽  
Amiram Vinokur
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
School Climate ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Policy Theory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nationally Representative

The primary aim of this study is to explore how school-related variables predict high school students’subjective judgements of school violence. Using a nationally representative sample (Israel) of 3,518 high school-aged youth, this study tested the hypotheses that (a) students’personal fear of attending school due to violence and (b) students’ assessment of a school violence problem are best understood as separate conceptual constructs. The findings support the proposition that student fear of attending school and assessments of school violence as a problem are influenced by different types of school-related variables. Student fear of attending school due to violence was directly related to experiences of personal victimization by students and school staff. In contrast with fear, students’judgements of their schools’overall violence problem were directly associated with the variables of school climate, observed risk behaviors, and personal victimization. Implications for policy, theory, and future research are highlighted.

scholarly journals Locked, Loaded, and Ready for School: The Association of Safety Concerns With Weapon-carrying Behavior Among Adolescents in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052096940
Author(s):  
Soumyadeep Mukherjee ◽  
Ziyad Ben Taleb ◽  
Philip Baiden
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Weapon Carrying ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Gun Carrying ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Nationally Representative

There is limited, if any, prior research exploring the potential link between adolescents’ safety concerns and their predisposition to possess weapons has been limited. This study aimed to examine the relationship between high school students’ perceived lack of safety and their weapons carrying behavior in a multiyear nationally representative sample of high school students. Information on self-reported weapons carrying in past month and gun carrying in past year, perceived lack of safety at school or during commute, being bullied and/or threatened, involvement in physical fights, and demographic characteristics were retrieved from Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey data for 1991-2017. Generalized linear mixed models were used to address data clustering by survey year. Sampling design and sample weights were accounted for. Of a total number of 195,280 respondents with valid responses during 1991-2017, 18%, 7%, and 5%, respectively, carried weapon(s) in general, weapon(s) to school, and gun. On an average, 5% skipped school due to safety concerns. Missing ≥2 school days was associated with weapon (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.94 -2.61) and gun (AOR: 3.18; 95% CI: 1.81 -5.58) possessions, as well as weapons possession in school (AOR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.96 -3.12). Experiences of weapons-induced injury(ies) or threat(s), and involvement in physical fights were other significant covariates in adjusted analyses. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, students of other racial/ethnic groups had significantly lower odds of possessing weapons. Perceived lack of safety emerged as a potential determinant of weapon carrying, a behavior with far-reaching public health concerns. While future research looking into the psychological motivations of possessing weapons is recommended, our findings offer a unique opportunity to address the crucial problems of school absenteeism induced by experiences of aggression and fears for safety as well as preempt the consequences of weapons-possession by adolescents.

Sextortion Among Adolescents: Results From a National Survey of U.S. Youth

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin W. Patchin ◽  
Sameer Hinduja
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Preventive Role

Sextortion is the threatened dissemination of explicit, intimate, or embarrassing images of a sexual nature without consent, usually for the purpose of procuring additional images, sexual acts, money, or something else. Despite increased public interest in this behavior, it has yet to be empirically examined among adolescents. The current study fills this gap by exploring the prevalence of sextortion behaviors among a nationally representative sample of 5,568 U.S. middle and high school students. Approximately 5% of students reported that they had been the victim of sextortion, while about 3% admitted to threatening others who had shared an image with them in confidence. Males and nonheterosexual youth were more likely to be targeted, and males were more likely to target others. Moreover, youth who threatened others with sextortion were more likely to have been victims themselves. Implications for future research, as well as the preventive role that youth-serving professionals can play, are discussed.

Understanding Associations Between Exposure to Violent Pornography and Teen Dating Violence Among Female Sexual Minority High School Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110283
Author(s):  
Cara Herbitter ◽  
Alyssa L. Norris ◽  
Kimberly M. Nelson ◽  
Lindsay M. Orchowski
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Teen Dating

Previous research indicates that teen dating violence (TDV) is more common among sexual minority than heterosexual adolescents, with approximately half of female sexual minority adolescents (SMA) endorsing TDV victimization in the last year. In samples of adolescents without regard to sexual orientation, exposure to violent pornography is associated with TDV, but this relationship has not been assessed in female SMA. The current study sample consisted of 10th-grade high school students aged 14–17 who identified as cisgender females ( N = 1,276). Data were collected from a baseline survey prior to the delivery of a sexual assault prevention intervention. Female SMA had 2.54 times the odds (95%CI [1.75, 3.69]) of being exposed to violent pornography and 2.53 times the odds (95%CI [1.72, 3.70)]) of TDV exposure compared to heterosexual girls. Exposure to violent pornography was not associated with involvement in TDV among female SMA, controlling for episodic heavy drinking ( aOR = 2.25, 95%CI [0.88,6.22]). Given the relatively higher rates of violent pornography and TDV exposure among female SMA compared to heterosexual girls, it is critical that sex education curricula address these experiences and meet the needs of adolescents of all sexual orientations. Future research can assess how these TDV interventions might be tailored for female SMA. Although we did not find that exposure to violent pornography was associated with TDV among female SMA, these investigations should be replicated with larger data sets, given that the association between exposure to violent pornography and engagement in TDV was in the expected direction.

STEM-Focused Career Courses and College Pipeline for Students with Learning Disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 089590482110199
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Freeman ◽  
Michael A. Gottfried ◽  
Jay Stratte Plasman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
High School Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
School Students ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Stem Majors ◽  
Career And Technical ◽  
Nationally Representative

Recent educational policies in the United States have fostered the growth of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) career-focused courses to support high school students’ persistence into these fields in college and beyond. As one key example, federal legislation has embedded new types of “applied STEM” (AS) courses into the career and technical education curriculum (CTE), which can help students persist in STEM through high school and college. Yet, little is known about the link between AS-CTE coursetaking and college STEM persistence for students with learning disabilities (LDs). Using a nationally representative data set, we found no evidence that earning more units of AS-CTE in high school influenced college enrollment patterns or major selection in non-AS STEM fields for students with LDs. That said, students with LDs who earned more units of AS-CTE in high school were more likely to seriously consider and ultimately declare AS-related STEM majors in college.

Relationship Between Different Types of Violence and Mental Health in High School Students From Northern Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110219
Author(s):  
Oscar Armando Esparza-Del Villar ◽  
Sarah Margarita Chavez-Valdez ◽  
Priscila Montañez-Alvarado ◽  
Marisela Gutiérrez-Vega ◽  
Teresa Gutiérrez-Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
School Students ◽  
Social Violence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Different types of violence have been present in Mexico but there have been few studies that have analyzed their relationship with mental health in adolescents, especially in cities with high rates of social violence. It is important to compare different violence types and their relationship with mental health since not all relationships are the same. It appears that social violence has a stronger relationship with mental health, and for this reason it receives more attention, but other types of violence have a stronger relationship and do not receive as much attention. Chihuahua has been one of the most violent states in Mexico, and Juarez has been the most violent city in the world in 2009 and 2010. The purpose of the study is to compare the relationship of different types of violence (social, cyberbullying, partner violence, and child abuse and neglect) with mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, and paranoid thoughts). There were 526 high school students, from the cities of Juarez ( n = 282) and Chihuahua ( n = 244). The mean age was 16.5 ( SD = 1.4) years and 50.6% reported being males. The relationships among the variables were analyzed using Pearson’s correlations and multiple linear regressions. Both cities that have experienced social violence like carjacking, kidnapping, and sexual assault, but they have very small or no relationships with mental health indicators. Other types of violence have stronger correlations. Our findings suggest that interventions should not focus only in preventing and dealing with social violence, but that other types of violence must also be addressed in adolescents.

scholarly journals Teacher Orchestration of Language and Gesture in Explaining Science Concepts in Images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu Ngo ◽  
Len Unsworth ◽  
Michele Herrington
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Diagram Comprehension ◽  
Senior High School Students

AbstractStudents’ difficulties interpreting diagrams remain a concern in science education. Research about improving diagram comprehension has included few studies of teachers’ orchestration of language and gesture in explaining diagrams—and very few in senior high schools. Research with younger students and studies of research scientists’ practice indicate the significance of the interaction of teachers’ gesture and language in explaining visualisations. The strategic deployment of such teacher-focussed authoritative explanations has been observed in facilitating progression to more complex and symbolic representations in classroom work. However, the paucity of such research in senior high school leaves open the question of how these teachers use gesture and language in managing the challenges of explaining the intricate sub-microscopic and abstract visualisations senior high school students need to negotiate. In this paper, we outline existing studies of teachers’ use of gesture and language to explain complex images in senior high school and investigate how it is managed by two biology teachers with images of different types and complexity representing the activity of certain cell components in the early phase of cell duplication. Implications are drawn for foci of further research including the role of a metalanguage describing different types of visualisations and their affordances.

Students who are both victims and perpetrators of physical violence at a private high school in rural Northern Vietnam: Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Binh Nguyen ◽  
Kim Anh Le ◽  
Quang Dat Truong
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims ◽  
Private High School

Backgrounds: Physical violence in schools is a fairly common problem in Vietnam. However, current studies pay little attention to violence in private schools. Objectives: The study aims to estimate the prevalence and related sociodemographic factors of school physical violence among students at Hiep Hoa 5 private high school in Bac Giang province in Northern Vietnam. Methods: This was a school-based cross-sectional survey using a random sample technique with a multistage process from April to June 2019. Main findings: 412 students participated in the study, and the results indicated that 55/412 (13.3%) students were both perpetrators and victims of school violence. While 16.7% of students performed physical violence, 27.9% of students suffered physical violence by other students in the past six months. Experiencing physical violence was associated with sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, grade, exposure to physical violence in the media, time playing action games and witnessing violent events in the living place... Conclusions: More than 13% of students are perpetrators and victims of physical violence by their peers at a rural private high school. This prevalence is significantly correlated with individual factors. The results suggest that a greater focus on young people's educational activities should be provided to direct their development, including preventing physical violence. Keywords: Physical violence, high school students, perpetrators and victims.

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