Placental Chorionic Cyst Fluid Has Prothrombotic Properties and Differs From Amniotic Fluid

Introduction Chorionic cysts of the chorion laeve, fetal chorionic plate, septum, and free membranes have been associated with placental hypoxia, but they have no clear clinical significance. Although immunohistochemistry has identified fibronectin and collagen IV in cyst fluid, the contents have yet to be fully characterized. Methods Placental chorionic cysts (N = 10) were sampled by fluid extraction and hemotoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Amniotic fluid samples (N = 8) were obtained from pregnant women who had cytogenetic evaluation. The content of the cysts was tested for thrombogenicity using thromboelastography. The cyst content was tested by Luminex multiplex and ELISA assays and for known prothrombotic and proinflammatory factors. Results We identified cysts, especially those in the chorionic plate, adjacent to intervillous thrombi with apparent cyst rupture. Thromboelastography revealed a significantly shorter R time compared to whole blood control samples. Concentration of creatinine, α-fetoprotein, and surfactant D in the cyst fluid differed significantly from amniotic fluid. Cyst fluids had a significantly higher expression of all prothrombotic and some proinflammatory factors. Discussion Our data provide the first evidence that chorionic cyst fluid is prothrombotic and different from amniotic fluid. The association of ruptured cysts with adjacent thrombi and the prothrombotic properties of cyst fluid suggest a causal relationship; however, further studies are needed.

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Human Glandular Kallikrein in Breast Milk, Amniotic Fluid, and Breast Cyst Fluid

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/45.10.1774 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 45 (10) ◽

pp. 1774-1780 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Angeliki Magklara ◽

Andreas Scorilas ◽

Carlos López-Otín ◽

Francisco Vizoso ◽

Alvaro Ruibal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Cyst Fluid ◽

Cystic Disease ◽

Breast Cyst Fluid ◽

Breast Cyst ◽

Glandular Kallikrein ◽

Female Breast

Abstract Background: Human glandular kallikrein (hK2) belongs to the serine protease family of enzymes and has high sequence homology with prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The physiological role of hK2 has not as yet been determined, but there is evidence that it can regulate the proteolytic activity of PSA through processing and activating pro-PSA, an inactive precursor. Thus, it is conceivable that these two secreted proteins may coexist in biological fluids. Currently, hK2 is considered an androgen-regulated and prostate-specific protein. Recently, it has been demonstrated that hK2 is expressed in the breast cancer cell line T-47D after stimulation by steroid hormones, and we reported that hK2 can be detected in a subset of breast tumor extracts. These data suggest that hK2 may be expressed in tissues other than the prostate, such as those in which PSA has already been detected. Because hK2 is a secreted protein, it may be present in various biological fluids. Methods: We analyzed milk samples from lactating women, amniotic fluid from pregnant women, and breast cyst fluid from patients with gross breast cystic disease, using a highly sensitive and specific immunoassay for hK2. Results: hK2 was present in all three biological fluids. We suggest that the female breast may produce hK2 and provide evidence that hK2 may have value as an additional marker for the discrimination between type I and type II breast cysts. Conclusions: The female breast produces hK2 in addition to PSA. More studies are necessary to establish the role of this kallikrein in nondiseased breast, gross breast cystic disease, and breast cancer.

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Protein antigens in the cyst fluid of Taenia saginata cysticerci

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s003118200007877x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 100 (3) ◽

pp. 463-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. W. P. Joshua ◽

L. J. S. Harrison ◽

M. M. H. Sewell

Keyword(s):

Serum Albumin ◽

Cyst Fluid ◽

Protein Antigen ◽

Infected Cattle ◽

Taenia Saginata ◽

Protein Antigens ◽

Isotope Labelling ◽

Diagnostic Potential ◽

Sds Page ◽

Cyst Fluids

SUMMARYTaenia saginata cyst fluid proteins from 4, 8, 12 and 16-week-old cysticerci were analysed by a combination of direct I radio-isotope labelling, immunoprecipitation using a panel of sera from infected cattle infected with T. saginata and SDS–PAGE. Protein antigens of 12, 14, 16, 20 and 26 kDa were identified in all of the cyst fluids examined. These were immunogenic and were precipitated by serum taken from cattle from 8 weeks after infection onwards and were therefore considered to be of diagnostic potential. A 185 kDa protein antigen found only in the cyst fluid of 4-week-old cysticerci and a 43 kDa protein antigen first detected in cyst fluid from 8-week-old cysticerci were also identified but were considered to be of more limited diagnostic potential due to their restricted presence. An apparently non-immunogenic 67 kDa protein, found in all the cyst fluids examined, may have been host serum albumin.

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Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor concentration increases in amniotic fluid with the onset of labour in women: characterization of sites of release within the uterus

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1610299 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 161 (2) ◽

pp. 299-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

FC Denison ◽

RW Kelly ◽

AA Calder ◽

SC Riley

Keyword(s):

Protease Inhibitor ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Elective Caesarean Section ◽

Fetal Lung ◽

Neutrophil Function ◽

Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor ◽

Decidua Basalis ◽

Chorion Laeve

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is a potent inhibitor of neutrophil function, a mediator of mucosal immunity and an inhibitor of NF|gkB regulated inflammatory responses. However, its source, function and regulation within the uterus during pregnancy and at parturition are not well defined. In amniotic fluid, the concentration of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor increased significantly from 2nd trimester (24+/-3 ng/ml; mean+/-s.e.m.; n=20) to term (751+/-53 ng/ml; P<0.05; n=15) with a further profound increase (P<0.005) with the onset of labour (3929+/-1076 ng/ml; n=15). To establish the intra-uterine sites of secretion, explants (n=6 different patients per tissue) were collected at term after elective caesarean section. High levels of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor were released by decidua (135.2+/-12.4 pg/mg; mean+/-s.e.m.) and chorio-decidua (325.1+/-26.4 pg/mg) with less by amnion (55.6+/-6.0 pg/mg) and placenta (9.2+/-1.9 pg/mg). Intense immunoreactivity for secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor was detected predominantly in decidua parietalis cells adherent to the chorion laeve and myometrium, and also in decidua basalis. We propose that, within the pregnant uterus, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is released by decidua, fetal membranes and potentially the fetal lung. The increase in secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor may act to modulate pro-inflammatory paracrine interactions for the maintenance of pregnancy and limit those occurring at parturition within the uterus.

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Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein D in Gross Cystic Disease of the Breast

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/38.5.695 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 695-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

L M Sánchez ◽

I Díez-Itza ◽

F Vizoso ◽

C López-Otín

Keyword(s):

Average Concentration ◽

Cyst Fluid ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Albumin Concentration ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Cystic Disease ◽

Breast Cyst Fluid ◽

Apolipoprotein D ◽

Cyst Fluids

Abstract Cholesterol and apolipoprotein D (apo D) concentrations were measured in cyst fluids and sera from 66 women with gross cystic disease of the breast. Intracystic cholesterol concentrations are about twofold greater than those found in serum, whereas apo D, the major cyst fluid protein, is present in concentrations as much as 1000-fold greater than found in serum. We classified the cyst fluids into two groups by K+/Na+ ratio and albumin concentration and measured intracystic cholesterol and apo D concentrations in each group. Type I cysts had an average content of cholesterol (12.7 mmol/L) moderately lower than that in Type II cysts (17.6 mmol/L). By contrast, the average concentration of apo D in Type I cyst fluids (15.1 g/L) was slightly higher than that in Type II cysts (13.7 g/L). The absence of a correlation between cholesterol concentration and apo D concentration and the results from previous binding analysis suggest that this protein is not involved in the accumulation of cholesterol in breast-cyst fluid.

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Sonographic characteristics of the placenta, uterine wall, and placentomes during pregnancy in cows

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G Großtiere / Nutztiere ◽

10.1055/a-1019-7387 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (06) ◽

pp. 355-365

Author(s):

Doreen Zoller ◽

Susanne Peterson ◽

Alois Boos ◽

Michael Hässig ◽

Ulrich Bleul

Keyword(s):

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Allantoic Fluid ◽

Uterine Wall ◽

Human Medicine ◽

Close Monitoring ◽

Sonographic Examination ◽

Brown Swiss ◽

Linear Transducer ◽

Chorion Laeve ◽

The Mean

Abstract Objective In human medicine, contrary to bovine medicine, close monitoring of risk pregnancies is an integral part of obstetrics. A prerequisite for this is the knowledge of the normal findings during pregnancy. Material and methods For this purpose serial transrectal sonographic examination of the placentomes, uterine wall, and fetal membranes were carried out in 24 healthy (mean age 8.1 ± 3.7 years, Brown Swiss [n = 21], Red Holstein [n = 2], Simmental [n = 1]) cows from week 6 to 43 of gestation. An 8-MHz linear transducer was used to assess the thickness and appearance of the endometrium and myometrium, the height and width of placentomes, the thickness of the uterine wall including the adjacent chorion laeve (combined thickness of uterus and placenta, CTUP), and the echogenicity of the fetal fluids. The uterine wall and the placentomes were measured in 4 different zones of both uterine sides including a zone near the cervix, at the corpus near to the bifurcation, at the middle, and near the tip of the uterine horn. Results Placentome height and width were closely correlated with gestational age (height: r = 0.78; width: r = 0.83; both p < 0.0001). Placentome size increased progressively in all uterine zones until week 27, after which time their growth slowed until week 31 and then plateaued until parturition. Placentomes in the fetus-bearing horn were larger than in the non-fetus-bearing horn (p < 0.01) and were significantly smaller (height and width) near the tip of the horn than in the other 3 zones (p < 0.001 to < 0.01). The mean thickness of endometrium and myometrium, myometrium at the base of the placentome, and the mean CTUP did not change significantly during gestation. The echogenicity of the allantoic fluid did not change, but the amniotic fluid became more echogenic during gestation (p < 0.0001). Conclusion and clinical relevance Sonographic examination of placentomes and amniotic fluid are a promising diagnostic tool for the estimation of the duration of bovine pregnancies and for diagnosing possible complications.

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GCDFP-70 protein in cyst fluid identified as albumin and used to classify cysts in women with breast gross cystic disease

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/37.4.547 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 547-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Milagros Balbín ◽

Francisco Vizoso ◽

Luis M Sánchez ◽

Rafael Venta ◽

Alvaro Ruibal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Simple Procedure ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Cyst Fluid ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Cystic Disease ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Cyst Fluids

Abstract We used sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to study cyst fluids from women with breast gross cystic disease. The subjects could be classified into two categories according to the concentrations of protein GCDFP-70 in the cyst fluid: those with Type I cysts had a very low content of this protein; those with Type II cysts had very high concentrations. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of GCDFP-70 from both cyst fluid types confirmed that this protein is human plasma albumin. The average concentration of albumin found in Type I cyst fluids was 0.32 g/L and that corresponding to Type II was 10.16 g/L. Thus, albumin quantification from cyst fluids or analysis by either polyacrylamide or agarose gel electrophoresis provides a simple procedure for classifying these fluids, yielding results that correlate well with previous classifications based on other measurements such as sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations. This albumin-based quantification method may improve the classification of breast cysts and might be useful in further studies on functional changes in the cysts and their relationship to breast cancer.

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Species and number of bacterium may alternate IL-1β levels in the odontogenic cyst fluid

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2017-0339 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 679-685

Author(s):

Suzan Cinar ◽

Fahriye Keskin ◽

Sevgi Ciftci ◽

Sirmahan Cakarer ◽

Firat Selvi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Bacteria ◽

Cyst Fluid ◽

16S Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Species Number ◽

Odontogenic Cysts ◽

Campylobacter Rectus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cytokine Levels ◽

Cyst Fluids

AbstractObjectivesThe role of oral bacteria in the etiopathogenesis of odontogenic cysts (OC) is controversial. Immune response is regulated by the cytokines secreted during infection. This study aims to describe the association in between bacteria and levels of cytokines in OC.MethodsInfected OC fluid samples were obtained from 25 odontogenic keratocysts and 14 radicular cysts (RC). Bacteria detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction on bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Cytokine levels in OC fluids were determined using “luminex” method.ResultsPorphyromonas gingivaliswas the most common bacteria in all samples (41.03%). Bacteria species number was higher in RCs. The significant difference was detected in terms of interleukine (IL)-1β levels to the number of bacteria contained in cyst fluids (p<0.05). IL1-β level of cyst fluid group containing three or more species of bacteria increased compared with cyst fluid group containing two types of bacteria (p<0.05). IL-1β level was high in cyst fluids withCampylobacter rectusandTreponema denticolaor with three or more bacteria species. IL-1β level was higher in the cyst fluids withEnterococcus faecalisnegative thanE. faecalispositives.ConclusionsOur results suggest that species and the number of bacterium may differ IL-1β levels in the OC fluid.

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Levels of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Breast Cyst Fluid

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460089000500306 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 133-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. Troccoli ◽

S. Battistelli ◽

F. Marcheggiani ◽

M. Sessa ◽

A. Fronduti

Keyword(s):

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Cyst Fluid ◽

Cystic Disease ◽

Elisa Method ◽

Breast Cyst Fluid ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Breast Cyst ◽

Cyst Fluids

The results of dosage of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in 75 breast cyst fluids taken from 61 patients suffering from breast gross cystic disease (BGCD), 13 of which had multiple mono and / or bilateral cysts are discussed. The corresponding sera were also examined. Assays were carried out using the ELISA method. For comparison, HCG levels were also determined in 21 breast cyst fluids using RIA method. In 66.7% of the breast cyst fluids examined the hormone levels were higher than normal serum values. Corresponding sera showed HCG to be within the range of normal levels. In 5 patients the multiple and / or bilateral cysts showed widely differing hormone levels. The importance of these observations is discussed.

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