The Added Value of Neuroscience Methods in Organizational Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Waldman ◽  
Danni Wang ◽  
Virgil Fenters
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Brain Region ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Neuroscience Research

Historically, the lack of availability and prohibitive expense of brain imaging technology have limited the application of neuroscience research in organizational settings. However, recent advances in technology have made it possible to use brain imaging in organizational settings at relatively little expense and in a practical manner to further research efforts. In this article, we weigh the advantages and disadvantages of neuroscience applications to organizational research. Further, we present three key methodological issues that need to be considered with regard to such applications: (a) level of assessment, (b) intrinsic versus reflexive brain activity, and (c) the targeting of brain region(s) or networks. We also pose specific examples of how neuroscience may be applied to various topical areas in organizational behavior research at both individual and team levels.

Social Empathy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Social Empathy ◽  
The Relationship

This article defines and explains the concept and trait of social empathy and the relationship to interpersonal empathy. Both concepts are explained using the latest cognitive neuroscience research on brain activity. Through brain imaging, the components that together make up the full array of empathy have been identified and are discussed in relation to social work practice. The application of social empathy in the policy-making arena is described, and the implications for social work practice to enhance empathy are discussed.

Assessing Interests in the Twenty-First-Century Workforce: Building on a Century of Interest Measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Nye
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
And Behavior

Recent research has re-emphasized the importance of vocational interests for understanding workplace attitudes and behavior. As a result, there is a renewed interest in the assessment of vocational interests in organizations. Numerous interest assessments have been developed over the past century, and they are now administered to millions of people throughout the world. Nevertheless, there is still work to be done, particularly as interest assessments are increasingly being used in organizational settings. This article reviews developments in interest assessments and discusses the implications of their use for both research and practice. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of examining vocational interests in organizational contexts and proposes future research directions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, Volume 9 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals An Introductory Guide to Organizational Neuroscience

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah M. Murray ◽  
John Antonakis
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Special Topic ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Effective Integration

The time is ripe for a renewed and interdisciplinary approach to organizational research that incorporates neuroscientific techniques. Like all methods, they have methodological, analytical, and interpretational limitations; however, the potential gains from using these techniques are far more considerable. We have therefore assembled a succinct yet authoritative collection of articles on the topic of neuroscience in organizational research, to serve as a solid introduction to the methods of neuroscience and what they can accomplish. The special topic is organized into two parts. The first includes a set of accessible reviews of the palette of brain imaging, mapping, and stimulation techniques (fMRI, fNIRS, EEG, MEG, and NIBS) as well as examples of the application of neuroscience methods to various disciplines including economics, marketing, finance, organizational behavior, neuroethology, as well an integrative translational critique on a variety of applications. The second is a collection of articles resulting from a competitive call for submissions that cover various neuroscience topics but also address important methodological and philosophical issues. The articles lay out a roadmap for the effective integration of neuroscientific methods into organizational research.

Making social neuroscience less WEIRD: Using fNIRS to measure neural signatures of persuasive influence in a Middle East participant sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Burns ◽  
Lianne N. Barnes ◽  
Ian A. McCulloh ◽  
Munqith M. Dagher ◽  
Emily B. Falk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Neuropsychological Functions ◽  
Arabic Speaking

The large majority of social neuroscience research uses WEIRD populations – participants from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic locations. This makes it difficult to claim whether neuropsychological functions are universal or culture specific. In this study, we demonstrate one approach to addressing the imbalance by using portable neuroscience equipment in a study of persuasion conducted in Jordan with an Arabic-speaking sample. Participants were shown persuasive videos on various health and safety topics while their brain activity was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Self-reported persuasiveness ratings for each video were then recorded. Consistent with previous research conducted with American subjects, this work found that activity in the dorsomedial and ventromedial prefrontal cortex predicted how persuasive participants found the videos and how much they intended to engage in the messages’ endorsed behaviors. Further, activity in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex was associated with persuasiveness ratings, but only in participants for whom the message was personally relevant. Implications for these results on the understanding of the brain basis of persuasion and on future directions for neuroimaging in diverse populations are discussed.

scholarly journals Fusing Mobile Phone Sensing and Brain Imaging to Assess Depression in College Students

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy F. Huckins ◽  
Alex W. daSilva ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Weichen Wang ◽  
Elin L. Hedlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Mobile Phone Sensing ◽  
Functional Brain Activity

AbstractAs smartphone usage has become increasingly prevalent in our society, so have rates of depression, particularly among young adults. Individual differences in smartphone usage patterns have been shown to reflect individual differences in underlying affective processes such as depression (Wang et al., 2018). In the current study, we identified a positive relationship between smartphone screen time (e.g. phone unlock duration) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the subgenual cingulate cortex (sgCC), a brain region implicated in depression and antidepressant treatment response, and regions of the ventromedial/orbitofrontal cortex, such that increased phone usage was related to stronger connectivity between these regions. We then used this cluster to constrain subsequent analyses looking at depressive symptoms in the same cohort and observed partial replication in a separate cohort. We believe the data and analyses presented here provide relatively simplistic initial analyses which replicate and provide a first step in combining functional brain activity and smartphone usage patterns to better understand issues related to mental health. Smartphones are a prevalent part of modern life and the usage of mobile sensing data from smartphones promises to be an important tool for mental health diagnostics and neuroscience research.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE INTER-RELACIONAL DE INDICADORES DE ABSENTEÍSMO E TURNOVER: O CASO DE UMA INDÚSTRIA TÊXTIL DO LITORAL NORTE DE SANTA CATARINA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Ana Célia Bohn ◽  
Sidnei Gripa ◽  
Nelson Hein ◽  
Adriana Kroenke
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Proposal A ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Behavioral Criteria ◽  
Do So

Os pesquisadores têm analisado separadamente, os indicadores de absenteísmo e turnover como critérios comportamentais em investigação organizacional. Nesse sentido, observa-se pouca atenção dada à sua possível inter-relação. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a inter-relacão dos indicadores de absenteísmo e turnover a fim de entender se há relações envolvidas nesses indicadores. O estudo foi baseado no construto de Migliolli e Kroenke (2016), e recebeu enquanto delineamento metodológico uma pesquisa do tipo quantitativa, longitudinal, em caráter de testagem empírica, de abordagem exploratória, com objeto de estudo um caso único, pautados na conveniência de pesquisa. Para tanto, partiu-se do pressuposto de que a integração desses indicadores pode fornecer orientações sobre alguns comportamentos organizacionais. Para consubstanciar a proposta foi construída uma função sinusóide. Os resultados apontam com algumas exceções que o turnover está altamente correlacionado com o absenteísmo, ou seja, o start para o turnover é o alto índice de absenteísmo. Conclui-se que para a empresa diminuir o seu índice de turnover é preciso primeiro implantar ações para a diminuição do índice de absenteísmo.Palavras-Chave: Absenteísmo. Turnover. Inter-relação. Abstract: Researchers have been analyzing separately the absenteeism indicators and turnover as behavioral criteria in organizational research. In this regard, it is observed the lack of attention given to its possible interrelation. This study aims to analyze the absenteeism indicators interrelation and turnover to understand if there are any associations involved in these indicators. The study was based on Migliolli and Kroenke’s (2016) construct, and while it was a methodological design, received a research of quantitative and longitudinal nature, with empirical and testing aspects, exploratory approach, using a single case as the studying subject, based on the research’s convenience. To do so, it was assumed that the integration of these indicators can provide guidance on some organizational behavior. To substantiate the proposal, a sinusoid function was made. The results point with a few exceptions that the turnover is highly correlated with absenteeism, that is, the start for turnover is the high absenteeism index. So, it is concluded that for the company to decrease its turnover index it is necessary to first implement actions to reduce the absenteeism index.Keywords: Absenteeism. Turnover. Interrelation.

Accumulating Knowledge in the Organizational Sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Bosco
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Meta Analyses

In some fields, research findings are rigorously curated in a common language and made available to enable future use and large-scale, robust insights. Organizational researchers have begun such efforts [e.g., metaBUS ( http://metabus.org/ )] but are far from the efficient, comprehensive curation seen in areas such as cognitive neuroscience or genetics. This review provides a sample of insights from research curation efforts in organizational research, psychology, and beyond—insights not possible by even large-scale, substantive meta-analyses. Efforts are classified as either science-of-science research or large-scale, substantive research. The various methods used for information extraction (e.g., from PDF files) and classification (e.g., using consensus ontologies) is reviewed. The review concludes with a series of recommendations for developing and leveraging the available corpus of organizational research to speed scientific progress. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, Volume 9 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

What is the Sense of Life, and How Can We Study It? Review of the monograph: Sources of the sense of life. A new method of personality psychodiagnostics, by K.V Karpinskij

2021 ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
V.A. Mazilov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
New Method ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Diagnostic Research ◽  
Diagnostic Complex

The article is a review of the book "Sources of the meaning of life: a new method of personality psychodiagnostics" by the Belarusian psychologist K.V. Karpinskij. It is argued that the meaning of life became the subject of special psychological research only in the 20th century. In recent years, there have been many breakthroughs in this area, and undoubted progress is visible. There was a transition to the interpretation of the meaning of life as a systemic, that means, in other words, multicomponent and multilevel mental education. In his previous works K.V. Karpinskij subjected the problem of the psychology of the meaning of life to a comprehensive analysis. This book has no analogues among the observable thematic literature and contains new theoretical ideas, original methodological solutions and rich factual material, which together form a new look at the key methodological issues of the psychology of the meaning of life. First of all, this is a question about the subject and method of research. Despite the fact that the study of the psychology of the meaning of life is largely represented in foreign psychology, the author of the monograph consistently adheres to the methodology of Russian psychology. The book offers the author's methodology "Sources of the meaning of life", which was created with a full understanding of the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and limitations of existing foreign analogues. Being a diagnostic complex in its composition, this technique has incorporated proven diagnostic techniques, as well as completely new techniques for studying the meaning of life. The methodology clearly surpasses the existing tools in its diagnostic (research) capabilities.

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