Is Your Restaurant Worth the Risk? A Motivational Perspective on Reviews’ Rating Distribution and Volume

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1291-1317
Author(s):  
Lu Lu ◽  
Laurie Wu ◽  
Zeya He
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Rating Distribution ◽  
Conditioned Effects

This research aims to understand diners’ risk-taking tendencies when referring to online reviews to make restaurant decisions as a function of dining motivations (i.e., intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivations). Two experiments jointly reveal that given a positive valence, restaurants with a centralized rating distribution are preferred over those with a polarized rating distribution, and such a preference is accounted for by perceived risk. The preference for restaurants with a centralized (vs. polarized) rating distribution is more pronounced among customers exhibiting extrinsic motivation compared with those exhibiting intrinsic motivation. In addition, a high rating volume can temper the negative effects of polarized reviews on dining decisions among intrinsically motivated consumers but not extrinsically motivated consumers. Consistent with our theorization, the dining motivation– and rating volume–conditioned effects of rating distribution on restaurant visit intention are also mediated by perceived risk. These findings provide important insights for academic researchers and managerial practitioners.

The motivations of crowdlending investors in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Martínez-Climent ◽  
María Guijarro-García ◽  
Agustín Carrilero-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Insight Into

PurposeThe inability to secure funding is a common problem for entrepreneurs. Crowdlending can help overcome this problem. But what motivates crowdlenders? The aim of this paper is to provide empirical evidence of two forms of investor motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) in crowdlending in Spain by exploring the elements that affect the low percentage of equity invested.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of 206 investors in projects posted on the crowdlending platform Colectual. FsQCA enables the identification of causal configurations that lead to a low percentage of equity invested in crowdlending. The extrinsic motivation conditions are economic return and perceived risk. For intrinsic motivation, the conditions are the corporate social responsibility (CSR) characteristics of the project and CSR reporting by the platform. The age of the investor is also considered to study whether behaviour differs across age groups.FindingsWhen investors attach high importance to economic returns (extrinsic motivation), the percentage of wealth allocated to their investment is low. In relation to intrinsic motivation, investors who attach little importance to CSR invest a low percentage of their wealth. The same is true of those who feel that Colectual's risk management is weak and those aged approximately 26 years old.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the motivations of investors can give platforms insight into the expectations of one of its main stakeholders: the backers themselves. The study also sheds light on business models where CSR is the core element. This paper thus describes a new paradigm to which other platforms can relate. It can prove useful as an incentive to integrate stakeholder concerns in other business models to create not only economic but also social value.Originality/valueInvestors' motivation is shown to be both intrinsic and extrinsic. Until now, there has been little evidence of the motivation of crowdlending investors. Methodologically, this study is also valuable. The use of fsQCA reveals the combinations of conditions that lead to the outcome (i.e. the reasons for low investment in crowdlending). Moreover, the analysis provides insight into the situation in Spain and the reasons why crowdfunding is less developed in Spain than in other European countries.

scholarly journals THE PERSONALITY AND MOTIVATION OF “QUANTS”: THE MATH GENIUSES OF WALL STREET

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150002
Author(s):  
ADRIAN FURNHAM ◽  
SYLVIA IMPELLIZZERI
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Work Values ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Organizational Fit ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Population Norms ◽  
Tolerance Of Ambiguity

A relatively small sample of experts ([Formula: see text]) working within the quantitative financial area completed two questionnaires measuring their personality and values. This study set out to determine how personality and motivation/work values predict subjective work success and organizational fit using the High Potential Traits Inventory (HPTI) and the Work Value Questionnaire (WVQ). Compared to the population norms, the “Quants” were higher on Curiosity and Conscientiousness but lower on Tolerance of Ambiguity and Risk-Taking Approach. The “Quants” scored higher than population norms on one facet of intrinsic motivation and all three of the extrinsic motivation. The results demonstrated that Conscientiousness and Intrinsic Motivation were both significant predictors of subjective work success. The results are discussed in terms of how to select, manage and promote “Quants”. Implications and limitations are discussed.

scholarly journals The effects of intrinsic motivation on mental fatigue

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0243754
Author(s):  
Mega B. Herlambang ◽  
Fokie Cnossen ◽  
Niels A. Taatgen
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time

There have been many studies attempting to disentangle the relation between motivation and mental fatigue. Mental fatigue occurs after performing a demanding task for a prolonged time, and many studies have suggested that motivation can counteract the negative effects of mental fatigue on task performance. To complicate matters, most mental fatigue studies looked exclusively at the effects of extrinsic motivation but not intrinsic motivation. Individuals are said to be extrinsically motivated when they perform a task to attain rewards and avoid punishments, while they are said to be intrinsically motivated when they do for the pleasure of doing the activity. To assess whether intrinsic motivation has similar effects as extrinsic motivation, we conducted an experiment using subjective, performance, and physiological measures (heart rate variability and pupillometry). In this experiment, 28 participants solved Sudoku puzzles on a computer for three hours, with a cat video playing in the corner of the screen. The experiment consisted of 14 blocks with two alternating conditions: low intrinsic motivation and high intrinsic motivation. The main results showed that irrespective of condition, participants reported becoming fatigued over time. They performed better, invested more mental effort physiologically, and were less distracted in high-level than in low-level motivation blocks. The results suggest that similarly to extrinsic motivation, time-on-task effects are modulated by the level of intrinsic motivation: With high intrinsic motivation, people can maintain their performance over time as they seem willing to invest more effort as time progresses than in low intrinsic motivation.

scholarly journals Intrinsic motivation in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a neuropsychological investigation of curiosity using dopamine transporter imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayoi Shigemune ◽  
Iori Kawasaki ◽  
Akira Midorikawa ◽  
Toru Baba ◽  
Atsushi Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Dopamine Transporters ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Neuropsychological Investigation

AbstractBoth intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are believed to involve brain regions that are innervated by the dopaminergic pathway. Although dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain deteriorate in Parkinson’s disease (PD), it remains unclear whether intrinsic motivation is impaired in PD patients. To address this issue, we investigated intrinsic motivation in PD patients using a task designed to assess the “Pandora effect,” which constitutes a curiosity for resolving uncertainty, even if this curiosity is likely to result in negative consequences. Twenty-seven PD patients and 27 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) completed a curiosity task in which they were required to decide either to view or skip negative pictures (e.g., snakes, spiders) and an examination battery that included the Mini-Mental State Examination, a verbal fluency test, the Trail Making Test, 10-word recall tests, and questionnaires for behavioral inhibition/activation and depression. DaTSCAN images to assess the distribution of dopamine transporters in the striatum were acquired only from PD patients. The results revealed that PD patients, relative to the HCs, viewed the pictures less frequently under both the certain and uncertain conditions. However, both the PD patients and HCs viewed the pictures at a higher frequency under the uncertain condition than under the certain condition. In the PD patients, the proportion of pictures viewed under the certain condition was positively correlated with the distribution of dopamine transporters in the striatum. These results suggest that despite the overall decreasing level of interest in viewing negative pictures, the motivation to resolve uncertainty is relatively intact in PD patients.

scholarly journals Relative Deprivation and Hope: Predictors of Risk Behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahriar Keshavarz ◽  
Kenny R. Coventry ◽  
Piers Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Escape Behaviors ◽  
Excessive Risk Taking ◽  
Excessive Risk

AbstractThe belief that one is in a worse situation than similar others (Relative Deprivation) has been associated with involvement in a range of maladaptive escape behaviors, including excessive risk taking. Yet not everyone scoring high on measures of relative deprivation makes maladaptive choices. We hypothesized that hope may ameliorate the negative effects of relative deprivation. In two laboratory-based experiments using a novel risk-taking task (N = 101) we show that hope reduces risk-taking behavior in relatively deprived participants. A third study (N = 122) extended the moderating effect of hope on relative deprivation to real-world risk behavior; increased hope was associated with decreased likelihood of loss of control of one’s gambling behavior in relatively deprived individuals. Nurturing hope in relatively deprived populations may protect them against maladaptive behaviors with potential applications for harm reduction.

scholarly journals The Relation between Social Capital and Academic Motivation of Students: A Study of Health Professional Education in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Yuka Koyanagi ◽  
Myo Nyein Aung ◽  
Motoyuki Yuasa ◽  
Miwa Sekine ◽  
Okada Takao
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
University Students ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Health Profession ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Health Profession Education

Academic motivation consists of reward-based extrinsic motivation and curiosity-based intrinsic motivation. Students studying at university or college develop several new social connections with friends, classmates, and teachers, in addition to their family and community. Belonging to their networks, students acquire opinions, appreciation, trust, and norms of the society. Whether those social connections enhance the motivation of university students for academic work is a question yet to be answered in the context of health profession education in Japan. Judo-therapist education is a form of health profession education in Japan. This study aimed to measure the academic motivation and social capital (SC) of judo-therapist students in Japan, and to find the relation between social capital and academic motivation. This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 2247 students applying multi-stage sampling across Japan. A Japanese version Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) measured the learning motivation in three constructs: (1) intrinsic motivation (IM); (2) extrinsic motivation (EM); and (3) amotivation (alpha 0.94). A newly-developed 46-itemed, 4-pointed scale measured social capital (SC) in five constructs: (1) family relations, (2) on-campus friends, (3) off-campus friends, (4) classroom social capital; and (5) regional social capital (alpha 0.85). Robust regression analysis treated all constructs of SC as independent variables and IM and EM as dependent variables respectively in the three models. Among the average level of constructs, the family SC average level was the highest. Classroom SC was less than family SC and community SC was the lowest. Intrinsic motivation is positively influenced by classroom SC the most, followed by family SC, on-campus friends’ SC, and community SC. Extrinsic motivation is positively influenced by classroom SC the most, followed by family SC, on-campus friends’ SC, and community SC. Amotivation is negatively influenced by social capital constructs except external friends’ SC. In conclusion, social connections have the power to enhance the motivation of university students’ academic work within health profession education. The relations, trust and bonds developed in the classroom may allow an adult learner’s motivation to evolve into autonomous intrinsic motivation and prevent amotivation.

scholarly journals The Effects of Managerial Competency and Local Religiosity on Corporate Environmental Responsibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5857
Author(s):  
Chuluunbat Tsendsuren ◽  
Prayag Lal Yadav ◽  
Sangsoo Kim ◽  
Seung-Hun Han
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Corporate Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Environmental Practices ◽  
Corporate Behavior ◽  
Environmental Engagement ◽  
Managerial Competency

This study investigates the influence of local religious beliefs to evaluate managerial motives towards corporate environmental engagement, considering the growing attention of the role of external factors in shaping corporate behavior. Using Newsweek’s green rankings of the largest publicly traded US firms by market capitalization from 2014–2016, we find that competent managers show a higher strategic preference for corporate environmental practices in firms located in low-Protestant or high-Catholic areas exhibiting higher risk and uncertainty, which tend to mitigate the negative effects of risky environments. We find that corporate environmental practices positively influence the sales of firms in high risk-taking states. This study provides significant contributions to the literature documenting the consequences of local religious risk-taking behavior and elaborates on the perceptions of competent managers on environmental management. The results provide valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers looking to incorporate environmental practices.

Risk Factors for a Positive Hepatitis C Status in Fishermen in Kuantan Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Priya Lall ◽  
Rumana Saifi ◽  
Diva Baggio ◽  
Samantha Fitzsimmons Schoenberger ◽  
Martin Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors ◽  
Risk Communities

Malaysia currently has an estimated hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence of 1.3% with an infected population of 384,000. Fishermen in Malaysia are at risk of HCV infection due to injection drug use and disproportionately high rates of incarceration. This study used quantitative data from Project WAVES, a large-scale mixed methods project charting environmental drivers of risk-taking behaviors among a respondent-driven sample of 406 fishermen in Malaysia. Over a quarter of participants (27.9%) reported injecting drugs in the past month; 49.8% of the sample tested positive for HCV. Respondents who had previously been arrested displayed increased odds of being HCV-positive (adjusted odds ratio = 4.79, confidence Interval = 2.46-9.35). Participants who reported being in lock-up displayed close to 6-fold odds of being HCV-infected (adjusted odds ratio = 5.49, confidence interval = 2.77-10.90, P < .001). These findings underscore the need for policies and structural interventions targeting the negative effects of aggressive incarceration contributing to the burden of HCV among high-risk communities.

Dual Commitments to Organizations and Professions: Different Motivational Pathways to Productivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 1202-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Becker ◽  
Mary C. Kernan ◽  
Kevin D. Clark ◽  
Howard J. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Commitments to organizations and professions have important implications for behavior in the workplace, but little is known about how these dual commitments combine to affect organizational outcomes. We present a model proposing that commitment to professions influences productivity through a positive effect on intrinsic motivation and a negative effect on extrinsic motivation. Commitment to organizations, conversely, is hypothesized to have a negative effect on intrinsic motivation and a positive effect on extrinsic motivation. We tested the model with a sample of 237 tenured management professors and, overall, the model fit the data well and better than less parsimonious models or ones positing reverse causality. Commitment to the profession was positively related to intrinsic motivation to engage in research and, through this effect, resulted in more challenging research goals, increased commitment to those goals, more hours spent on research, and greater research productivity. Commitment to the organization (university) was positively related to extrinsic motivation and negatively related to intrinsic motivation and was unrelated to goal level, goal commitment, hours spent on research, and research productivity. Our model makes a unique theoretical contribution by revealing the differing paths by which commitments to organizations and professions affect work outcomes, and our results support and extend commitment theory and offer unique insights into posttenure productivity.

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