Effect of Obesity on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in African American Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Queen Henry-Okafor ◽  
Patricia A. Cowan ◽  
Mona N. Wicks ◽  
Muriel Rice ◽  
Donna S. Husch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
American Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hs Crp

Obesity is a growing health care concern with implications for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity and CVD morbidity and mortality are highly prevalent among African American women. This pilot study examined the association between obesity and the traditional and emerging CVD risk factors in a sample of African American women. Participants comprised 48 women (27 obese, 21 normal weight) aged 18–45. with no known history of CVD. The women completed demographic and 7-day physical activity recall questionnaires. Height and weight were used to determine body mass index (BMI). Hypertension risk was assessed using the average of two resting blood pressure (BP) measurements. Lipid profile, blood glucose, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and E-selectin (eSel) levels were assessed using fasting blood samples. Laboratory findings were interpreted using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III reference guidelines as well as manufacturers’ reference ranges for the novel CVD risk factors. The most common traditional risk factors were physical inactivity (72.9%), positive family history of CVD (58.3%), and obesity (56.3%). Obese individuals had elevated systolic BP ( p = .0002), diastolic BP ( p = .0007) and HDL-cholesterol ( p = .01), triglyceride ( p = .02), hs-CRP ( p = .002), and fibrinogen ( p = .01), when compared with normal-weight women. The findings suggest an association between obesity and higher prevalence of both traditional and emerging CVD risk factors in young African American women.

Abstract 107: Cardiovascular Risk Predictors Among Black and African American Women: A Preliminary Analysis of the P4 Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obiora E Egbuche ◽  
Meldra Hall ◽  
Folake Ojutalayo ◽  
Ernest Alemah-Mensah ◽  
Brenda Lankford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
American Women ◽  
Vascular Compliance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Survey Responses

Objective: To identify predictors that allow for early detection of cardiovascular disease in African American women Background: Cardiovascular (CV) mortality is high in African Americans in the United States. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in African American females. We hypothesize that certain cardiovascular risk factors are predictors of abnormal peripheral vascular compliance. We aim to identify determinants of abnormal vascular compliance by assessing the association between known CVD risk factors and the extent of vascular compliance Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized survey responses and results from a noninvasive screening tool. The study included only African American women. Traditional CV risk factors were independent variables (history of hypertension, high serum lipids, family or personal history of CVD). The instrument employed biomarkers that detect blood vessel elasticity. Outcome measures included small and large vessel compliance. Both survey responses and screening results were obtained from 70 consecutive participants. We conducted a univariate and bivariate descriptive analysis. A Chi-square or Fishers exact test was used to determine the significance as appropriate. We adjusted for potential confounders in our multivariable analysis. SAS 9.4 software was used for all the data analyses Results: Our study indicates that personal history of cardiovascular disease is strongly associated with abnormal small vessel compliance (Pvalue - 0.01). Family history of cardiovascular disease is strongly associated with abnormal large artery compliance (Pvalue - 0.02). History of cardiovascular disease in both parents is associated with abnormal large artery compliance (Pvalue - 0.04). Interestingly, Living Situation (Living alone) was associated with abnormal large artery compliance (Pvalue - 0.03) Conclusion: Family and personal history of CVD, and living alone have strong associations with abnormal vascular compliance. Cardiovascular mortality is high in Black and African American females. Identifying predictors of abnormal vascular compliance can allow for early disease detection and intervention.

EXERCISE VERSUS BODY MASS INDEX AS PREDICTORS OF CVD RISK FACTORS IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN 501

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
C. L. Melby ◽  
B. Finnestead ◽  
W. D. Schmidt ◽  
M. L. Toohey ◽  
M. A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
American Women

scholarly journals Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in African American Individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Weinstein ◽  
Preetha Abraham ◽  
Guoqing Diao ◽  
Stacey A. Zeno ◽  
Patricia A. Deuster
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. To examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a group of African American individuals.Design. A nonrandom sample of 253 (age 43.7 ± 11.6 years; 37% male) African American individuals was recruited by advertisements. Data were obtained by validated questionnaires, anthropometric, blood pressure, and blood sample measurements.Results. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and CVD risk factors controlling for socioeconomic status indicators. These analyses demonstrated that those with higher levels of depressive symptoms had larger waist-to-hip ratios, higher percent body fat, higher triglycerides, and were more likely to be smokers.Conclusions. It has been well documented that higher levels of depressive symptoms are associated with higher CVD risk. However, this evidence is derived primarily from samples of predominantly Caucasian individuals. The present investigation demonstrates that depressive symptoms are related to CVD risk factors in African American individuals.

Abstract MP63: Established Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Mediate The Relationship Between Hypertensive Disorders In First Pregnancy And Maternal Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J Stuart ◽  
Lauren J Tanz ◽  
Eric B Rimm ◽  
Donna Spiegelman ◽  
Stacey A Missmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Women with a history of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP; gestational hypertension [GHTN] or preeclampsia) have an increased risk of CVD risk factors and events compared to women with normotensive pregnancies. However, the extent to which the relationship between HDP and CVD events is mediated by established CVD risk factors is less clear. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that a large proportion of the HDP-CVD relationship would be mediated by subsequent CVD risk factors — chronic hypertension (CHTN), type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypercholesterolemia, and BMI. Methods: Parous women free of prior CVD events, CHTN, T2D, and hypercholesterolemia at first birth in the Nurses’ Health Study II comprised the analytic sample (n=57,974). Pregnancy history was retrospectively reported in 2009. Women were followed for confirmed CVD events (coronary heart disease [non-fatal or fatal MI, fatal CHD] or stroke [non-fatal or fatal]) from first birth through 2015. Potential mediators were self-reported on biennial questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the relationship between HDP in first pregnancy (preeclampsia or GHTN vs. normotension [ref]) and CVD, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, parental education, family history of CVD before age 60, and pre-pregnancy risk factors (e.g., smoking, diet, and BMI). To evaluate the proportion of the HDP-CVD association that was jointly mediated by the CVD risk factors we used the difference method, comparing a model including these four factors to a model without them. Results: Nine percent of women (n=5,306) had a history of HDP in first pregnancy (preeclampsia: 6.3%; GHTN: 2.9%). CVD events occurred in 650 women with normotension in first pregnancy, 30 with GHTN, and 81 with preeclampsia. Adjusting for pre-pregnancy confounders, women with HDP in first pregnancy had a 63% higher rate of incident CVD (CI: 1.33-2.00) compared to women with normotension in first pregnancy; in particular, the strongest association was observed between preeclampsia and CHD (HR=2.18, CI: 1.62-2.93). The overall HDP-CVD association was largely mediated by the group of four CVD risk factors (HDP: proportion mediation [PM]=65%, CI: 35-87; preeclampsia: PM=57%, CI: 21-87; GHTN: PM=99%, CI: inestimable). All CVD risk factors contributed to mediation, but chronic hypertension accounted for the largest proportion. Conclusions: While approximately 40% of the association between preeclampsia and CVD remained unexplained, almost all the increased risk of CVD conferred by a history of GHTN was jointly accounted for by the development of established risk factors postpartum. Screening for CHTN, T2D, hypercholesterolemia, and overweight/obesity after pregnancy may be especially helpful in CVD prevention among women with a history of HDP.

scholarly journals Associations between normal weight central obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Shirasawa ◽  
Hirotaka Ochiai ◽  
Takahiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Satsue Nagahama ◽  
Mariko Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract Background Several studies have shown that normal weight central obesity (NWCO) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. However, studies conducted in the Japanese population have been very limited. Thus, the relationships between normal weight central obesity, classified using body mass index (BMI), the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and CVD risk factors in middle-aged Japanese adults were investigated. Methods The participants were Japanese adults aged 40–64 years who had undergone periodic health examinations in Japan during the period from April 2013 to March 2014. The participants were categorized into the following four groups: normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and no central obesity (WHtR < 0.5) (NW); normal weight and central obesity (WHtR ≥ 0.5) (NWCO); obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and no central obesity (OB); and obesity and central obesity (OBCO). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or taking medication for hypertension. Dyslipidemia was defined as LDL-C ≥ 140 mg/dl, HDL-C < 40 mg/dl, triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dl, or taking medication for dyslipidemia. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl, random plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl, HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, or receiving medical treatment for diabetes mellitus. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Results A total of 117,163 participants (82,487 men and 34,676 women) were analyzed. The prevalence of NWCO was 15.6% in men and 30.2% in women. With reference to NW, the ORs for hypertension (adjusted OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.17–1.27 in men, 1.23, 1.16–1.31 in women), dyslipidemia (1.81, 1.74–1.89 in men, 1.60, 1.52–1.69 in women), and diabetes (1.35, 1.25–1.46 in men, 1.60, 1.35–1.90 in women) were significantly higher in NWCO. Conclusions Normal weight with central obesity was associated with CVD risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, compared with normal weight without central obesity, regardless of sex. It is important to focus on normal weight with central obesity for the prevention of CVD in Japanese middle-aged adults.

scholarly journals Assessing Performance of the Veterans Affairs Women Cardiovascular Risk Model in Predicting a Short-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Incidence Using United States Veterans Affairs COVID-19 Shared Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10005
Author(s):  
Haekyung Jeon-Slaughter ◽  
Xiaofei Chen ◽  
Bala Ramanan ◽  
Shirling Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Women Veterans ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
American Women

The current study assessed performance of the new Veterans Affairs (VA) women cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score in predicting women veterans’ 60-day CVD event risk using VA COVID-19 shared cohort data. The study data included 17,264 women veterans—9658 White, 6088 African American, and 1518 Hispanic women veterans—ever treated at US VA hospitals and clinics between 24 February and 25 November 2020. The VA women CVD risk score discriminated patients with CVD events at 60 days from those without CVD events with accuracy (area under the curve) of 78%, 50%, and 83% for White, African American, and Hispanic women veterans, respectively. The VA women CVD risk score itself showed good accuracy in predicting CVD events at 60 days for White and Hispanic women veterans, while it performed poorly for African American women veterans. The future studies are needed to identify non-traditional factors and biomarkers associated with increased CVD risk specific to African American women and incorporate them to the CVD risk assessment.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Factors and Liver Disease Risk Among Participants From the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
Karla De la Torre ◽  
Colby Teeman ◽  
Yongjun Huang ◽  
Jose Bastida Rodriguez ◽  
Sabrina Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
African American ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Tyg Index

Abstract Objectives Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and liver disease risks are higher in people living with HIV (PLWH) than in the general population. We evaluated the association between the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) 10-year CVD risk and noninvasive liver disease indicators in PLWH compared with seronegative individuals. Methods Cross-sectional study included adults from the MASH cohort. Demographics, anthropometrics, drug/cigarette use, blood samples (metabolic panel) were collected by trained personnel. HIV status was obtained from medical records with informed consent. CVD risk was estimated using the FHS 10-year risk calculator described at the FHS website. For liver disease risk, 2 indicators were used: FIB-4 (Age, AST, ALT platelet count), and Triglyceride/glucose index (TyG Index). Descriptive statistics and linear regressions analyses were performed, adjusted for BMI, race/ethnicity, drug use/cigarette. Results We analyzed data from 714 adults, of those 339 were PLWH and 375 seronegative. The mean age was 54.28 ± 7.49 years, 55% were men, 62% were African American and 29% Hispanic. Linear regression showed a direct relationship between FHS score and FIB-4 (b = 0.166; SE = 0.491; CI: 1.170–3.099; P &lt; 0.001). Similar results were found with the FHS score and TyG index (b = 0.323; SE = 0.457; CI: 3.169–4.965; P &lt; 0.001). When stratified by HIV status, similar results were found in PLWH where FHS score was directly related with FIB-4 (b = 0.176; SE = 0.685; CI = 0.906 - 3.602; P = 0.001 in PLWH and the seronegative group b = 0.171; SE = 0.705; CI = 0.857–3.630; P = 0.002, respectively) and TyG Index (b = 0.375; SE = 0.633; CI: 3.291–0.769; P &lt; 0.001 & b = 0.294; SE = 0.668; CI: 2.60–5.23; P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Liver disease risk indicators such as FIB-4 and TyG index were associated with a ten-year cardiovascular risk in a predominantly African-American and Hispanic population regardless of HIV infection. These results highlight the need to monitor and address liver disease and CVD risk factors simultaneously in clinical practice. Funding Sources National Institute of Drug Abuse – National Institute of Health.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Associations of Depressive Symptoms with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among African Americans

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise C. Cooper ◽  
Ranak B. Trivedi ◽  
Karin M. Nelson ◽  
Gayle E. Reiber ◽  
Alan B. Zonderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
African Americans ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Unit Increase

Young to middle-aged women usually have notably lower rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than their male counterparts, but African American women lack this advantage. Their elevated CVD may be influenced by sex differences in associations between depressed mood and CVD risk factors. This cross-sectional study examined whether relations between scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale and a spectrum of CVD risk factors varied by sex among African Americans (n=1076; ages 30–64) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. Sex-stratified multiple regressions and logistic regressions were conducted. Among women, CES-D scores correlated positively with systolic blood pressure and waist-to-hip ratio (P's<.05), but inversely with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P<.01). Women had twice the odds for metabolic syndrome if CES-D scores ≥16 and had a ≥14% increase in odds of hypertension, abdominal obesity, and low HDL-C with each 5-unit increase in CES-D scores. Among men, CES-D scores correlated positively with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P<.05), and odds of hypertension increased by 21% with each 5-unit increase in CES-D scores. Depressive symptoms may promote premature CVD risk in African Americans, at least in part, via CVD risk factors and prevalent metabolic syndrome, particularly in African American women.

scholarly journals Incidence of and Risk Factors for Recurrent Cardiovascular Disease Events in Middle-Eastern Adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romona Devi Govender ◽  
Saif Al-Shamsi ◽  
Elpidoforos S. Soteriades ◽  
Dybesh Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Individuals with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at a much higher risk of either recurrent cardiovascular events or death. Previous research has shown that the incidence rate for recurrent CVD events varies across countries and populations. The association of traditional CVD risk factors, such as age, smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus increases the risk of recurrent CVD events or death particularly in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has one of the highest age-standardized death rate for CVD worldwide. The aim of our study was to estimate the incidence rates and determine the predictors of recurrent CVD events among UAE nationals. Methods We investigated an outpatient-based cohort of patients with a history of prior CVD visiting Tawam Hospital between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2008 and followed-up until the end of study period, July 31, 2018. Univariable and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to explore the association between different major CVD risk factors and the risk of recurrent CVD. Results A total of 216 patients (167 males, 49 females) with a history of CVD were included in our study. They were followed for a median of 8.1 years (interquartile range 5.5 to 9.3 years), with a total of 1184 patient-years of follow-up. The overall incidence rate of recurrent CVD events was 92.1 per 1000 patient-years. The 8-year cumulative incidence was 73.7%. Age, female sex, and diabetes mellitus were significant predictors of recurrent CVD events. Females had an 85% higher probability of recurrent CVD than males. Conclusion The overall incidence rate of recurrent CVD events in the UAE is 92.1 per 1000 patient-years and is one of the highest in Middle Eastern region. Primary and tertiary preventive measures are urgently needed in order to improve CVD morbidity and mortality and attempt to reverse the alarming rates of new and recurrent CVD events among UAE nationals. These interventions should comply with international guidelines for CVD management.

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