scholarly journals Results of a Single Arm Pilot Study of a Mobile Messaging Intervention for Hookah Tobacco Cessation in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2091520
Author(s):  
Darren Mays ◽  
Lilianna Phan ◽  
Andrea C Johnson ◽  
Kenneth P Tercyak ◽  
Kylie Snow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Risk Beliefs ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Risk Appraisals

Background: Hookah tobacco use is common among young adults. Unlike cigarette smoking, there is limited evidence on mobile (ie, mHealth) interventions to promote cessation. Objectives: This pilot study tested the preliminary effects of mobile messaging for cessation in young adult hookah smokers. Methods: Young adults (N = 20) aged 18 to 30 years who smoke hookah at least monthly and have done so at least once in the past 30 days received a 6-week mHealth multimedia messaging (text and images) intervention. Message scheduling (2 days/week × 6 weeks) was based on the literature. Content was developed iteratively by the study team and focused on health harms and addictiveness of hookah. Content was individually tailored by baseline hookah use frequency, risk beliefs, and responses to interactive text messages assessing participants’ hookah tobacco use behavior and beliefs to maximize impact. Engagement was assessed during the intervention, and we examined effects on risk perceptions, risk beliefs, and risk appraisals, motivation to quit, and behavior change immediately post-intervention. Results: Participants responded to 11.5 (SD = 0.69) of 12 text message prompts on average, endorsed high message receptivity (M = 6.1, SD = 0.93, range = 1-7), and reported the messages were helpful (M = 8.5, SD = 1.5, range = 1-10). There were significant ( P < .05) increases in risk perceptions (d’s = 0.22-0.88), risk appraisals (d = 0.49), risk beliefs (d = 1.11), and motivation to quit (d = 0.97) post-intervention. Half of participants reported reducing frequency of hookah use (20%) or quitting completely (30%) by end of treatment. Conclusions: These pilot results provide preliminary support for an mHealth messaging intervention about risks of hookah tobacco for promoting cessation. Rigorously examining the efficacy of this promising intervention is warranted.

Mediational Effects on Motivation to Quit Smoking After Exposure to a Cigarette Pictorial Warning Label Among Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C Johnson ◽  
Monique M Turner ◽  
Samuel J Simmens ◽  
W Douglas Evans ◽  
Andrew A Strasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Motivation To Quit Smoking

Abstract Background Young adults are vulnerable to cigarette package marketing. Pictorial warning labels are recommended for tobacco control. Research should address questions raised in legal challenges including causal mechanisms. Evidence is mixed and understudied among young adults (e.g., discrete emotions and risk perceptions). Purpose This study investigated mediators of pictorial warning label effects on motivation to quit smoking among young adult smokers. Methods This study analyzed data from a randomized trial with a 4 week exposure to a cigarette pictorial warning among young adult smokers (N = 229) aged 18–30 with assessments at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 3 months. Mediation analyses used latent change scores to test the effects post-intervention on fear, anger, and risk perceptions. We also examined whether post-intervention measures predicted change in motivation to quit smoking at 3 months. The first model assessed aggregate risk perceptions and the second model assessed discrete risk perceptions (deliberative, affective). Results Pictorial warning label exposure led to increases in fear which led to increased motivation to quit smoking for the first (B = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.26) and second (B = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.25) model. Exposure modestly increased motivation to quit by way of fear and affective risk perceptions (B = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.04). Exposure had a direct relationship on increased motivation to quit as well. Conclusions Findings demonstrate factors contributing to change in motivation to quit smoking among young adult smokers after pictorial warning label exposure. Affective processes are mediators of pictorial warning label effects.

Tailored Mobile Messaging Intervention for Waterpipe Tobacco Cessation in Young Adults: A Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 1686-1695
Author(s):  
Darren Mays ◽  
Andrea C. Johnson ◽  
Lilianna Phan ◽  
Camilla Sanders ◽  
Abigail Shoben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Waterpipe Smoking ◽  
Tailored Intervention ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Risk Appraisals

Objectives. To test a tailored mobile health (i.e., mHealth) intervention for waterpipe tobacco cessation in young adults. Methods. From 2018 to 2020 at 2 US sites, we conducted a randomized trial with 349 waterpipe tobacco smokers aged 18 to 30 years randomized to control (no intervention), untailored, or tailored intervention arms. Intervention arms received a 6-week mHealth intervention conveying risks of waterpipe tobacco through text and images and strategies to enhance motivation and support quitting. The tailored intervention was personalized to baseline measures and intervention text message responses. Risk appraisals, motivation to quit, waterpipe smoking frequency, and cessation were assessed at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Results. At 6 months, cessation was higher in the tailored (49%) than the control arm (29%; odds ratio = 2.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.3, 4.2) and smoking frequency was lower in the tailored (mean = 3.5 days) than the control arm (mean = 4.3 days; P = .006). At interim follow-ups, significant differences in other outcomes favored the tailored intervention. Conclusions. Tailored mobile messaging can help young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers quit. This scalable intervention is poised for population implementation.

A Pilot Study of Mobile Telephone Message Interventions with Suicide Attempters in China

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Brian L. Mishara ◽  
Xiao Xian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Mobile Telephone ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
To Receive

Background: In China, where follow-up with hospitalized attempters is generally lacking, there is a great need for inexpensive and effective means of maintaining contact and decreasing recidivism. Aims: Our objective was to test whether mobile telephone message contacts after discharge would be feasible and acceptable to suicide attempters in China. Methods: Fifteen participants were recruited from suicide attempters seen in the Emergency Department in Wuhan, China, to participate in a pilot study to receive mobile telephone messages after discharge. All participants have access to a mobile telephone, and there is no charge for the user to receive text messages. Results: Most participants (12) considered the text message contacts an acceptable and useful form of help and would like to continue to receive them for a longer period of time. Conclusions: This suggests that, as a low-cost and quick method of intervention in areas where more intensive follow-up is not practical or available, telephone messages contacts are accessible, feasible, and acceptable to suicide attempters. We hope that this will inspire future research on regular and long-term message interventions to prevent recidivism in suicide attempters.

Efficacy and Impact of an mHealth Intervention to promote Mental Wellness for American Indian and Alaska Native Teens and Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the BRAVE Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Craig Rushing ◽  
Allyson Kelley ◽  
Sheana Bull ◽  
David Stephens ◽  
Julia Wrobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Culturally Relevant ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Mental Wellness

BACKGROUND Culturally-relevant interventions are needed to help American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) teens and young adults navigate common risky situations involving family and friends, including drug and alcohol misuse, dating violence, and suicidality. We R Native – a multimedia health resource for Native teens and young adults – designed an intervention for Native youth, delivered via text message, that includes role model videos, mental wellness strategies, and links to culturally-relevant resources (hotlines, chat-lines, websites, etc.) and social support. OBJECTIVE This study aims to test the efficacy of BRAVE to improve participant’s physical, mental, and spiritual health, their use of mental wellness strategies, their help-seeking skills, and associated factors, including cultural resilience, identity, and cultural pride. METHODS The randomized controlled trial was carried out by the Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board and the mHealth Impact Lab. The team recruited 2,334 AI/AN teens and young adults nationwide (15-24 years old) via social media channels and text message and enrolled 1,044 to participate. AI/AN teens and young adults enrolled in the study received either: 8 weeks of BRAVE text messages designed to improve mental health, help-seeking skills, and cultural resilience; or 8 weeks of STEM text messages, designed to elevate and re-affirm Native voices in science, technology, engineering, math and medicine (STEM); and then received the other set of messages. Primary and secondary outcomes were tested using linear mixed-effect models and linear regressions. RESULTS A total of 833 AI/AN teens and young adults were included in the analysis. Individuals in the BRAVE and STEM arms showed significant positive trends over the course of the study for all primary outcomes except cultural identity and help seeking behavior. Mean scores were significantly different for health (P<.001), resilience (P<.001), negative coping (P=.027), positive coping (P<.001), self-efficacy (P=.021), and self-esteem (P<.001). Changes in help-seeking self-efficacy were significant for those exhibiting risky behavior at baseline to exit (P=.01). Those who reported positive coping scores at baseline also reported better health on average, but no difference in risky drug and alcohol use (P<.001). The number of participants that used text messages to help themselves increased from 69% at 3-months (427/618) to 75% at 8-months (381/501) (P<.001). Similarly, the number of participants that used text messages to help a friend or family member increased from 22% at 3-months (138/616) to 55% at 8-months (272/498). CONCLUSIONS This is the first nationwide randomized controlled trial for AI/AN teens and young adults to test the efficacy of an mHealth intervention on mental wellness. The findings suggest that culturally-relevant multimedia, mHealth interventions can improve help-seeking behavior. Lessons learned from this study may help other AI/AN-serving organizations, prevention programs, policymakers, researchers, and educators as they support the next generation of AI/AN change-makers.

scholarly journals “It was an unexpected bond”: How an emerging participant-driven online social network may be enhancing an eLearning nutrition education & supplemental produce intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205520762110149
Author(s):  
Sarah A Stotz ◽  
Jung Sun Lee ◽  
Jennifer Jo Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Post Intervention

Objective The purpose of this paper is to describe a participant-driven, online text message-based social support network that emerged from an eLearning nutrition education and supplemental produce intervention. Methods Adults (n = 20) who utilized a safety-net clinic for their healthcare participated in a 12-week smartphone-based nutrition education eLearning program using loaned smartphones. Participants also received a box of fresh produce weekly. Participants received weekly text message reminders to collect their produce, and from this researcher-initiated reminder text, a supportive, participant-led, all-group text message thread commenced. Researchers collected all 471 text messages in this all-group thread and included them in the qualitative content analysis of pre and post intervention focus groups. Results The original design of the eLearning nutrition education program was to asynchronously engage learners with nutrition education resources. However, participants themselves initiated a robust group text message support system through which they shared encouragement, recipes, grocery shopping tips, and images of food they prepared with the produce box amongst themselves for the duration of the 12-week intervention. Conclusion The novel nature by which these participants voluntarily engaged in this peer-to-peer nutrition education-focused text message conversation exemplifies participants becoming agents in their own learning experience and will be used to enhance future eLearning nutrition education experiences developed by our team.

Earwax: an innovative tool for assessment of tobacco use or exposure. A pilot study in young adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engy Shokry ◽  
Anselmo Elcana de Oliveira ◽  
Melissa Ameloti Gomes Avelino ◽  
Mariana Moreira de Deus ◽  
Naiara Zedes Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Innovative Tool

scholarly journals A Mobile Health Intervention for Adolescents Exposed to Secondhand Smoke: Pilot Feasibility and Efficacy Study

10.2196/18583 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. e18583
Author(s):  
Natalie Nardone ◽  
Jeremy Giberson ◽  
Judith J Prochaska ◽  
Shonul Jain ◽  
Neal L Benowitz
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Shs Exposure

Background Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in children and adolescents has adverse health effects. For adolescents of lower socioeconomic status (SES), exposure is widespread, evidenced in the measurement of urinary cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine. Direct intervention with exposed children has been proposed as a novel method, yet there is minimal evidence of its efficacy. Combining this approach with a mobile health (mHealth) intervention may be more time and cost-effective and feasible for adolescent populations. Objective In this pilot study, we assessed the feasibility and preliminary evidence of efficacy of a 30-day text message–based mHealth intervention targeted at reducing SHS exposure in adolescent populations of low SES. Methods For the study, 14 nonsmoking and nonvaping participants between the ages of 12-21 years exposed to SHS were enrolled. The intervention consisted of a daily text message sent to the participants over the course of a month. Text message types included facts and information about SHS, behavioral methods for SHS avoidance, or true-or-false questions. Participants were asked to respond to each message within 24 hours as confirmation of receipt. Feasibility outcomes included completion of the 30-day intervention, receiving and responding to text messages, and feedback on the messages. Efficacy outcomes included a reduction in urinary cotinine, accuracy of true-or-false responses, and participants’ perceptions of effectiveness. Results Of the 14 participants that were enrolled, 13 completed the intervention. Though not required, all participants had their own cell phones with unlimited text messaging plans. Of the total number of text messages sent to the 13 completers, 91% (372/407) of them received on-time responses. Participant feedback was generally positive, with most requesting more informational and true-or-false questions. In terms of efficacy, 54% (6/11) of participants reduced their cotinine levels (however, change for the group overall was not statistically significant (P=.33) and 45% (5/11) of participants increased their cotinine levels. Of the total number of true-or-false questions sent across all completers, 77% (56/73) were answered correctly. Participants’ ratings of message effectiveness averaged 85 on a scale of 100. Conclusions In this pilot study, the intervention was feasible as the majority of participants had access to a cell phone, completed the study, and engaged by responding to the messages. The efficacy of the study requires further replication, as only half of the participants reduced their cotinine levels. However, participants answered the majority of true-or-false questions accurately and reported that the messages were helpful.

scholarly journals Text Message Medication Adherence Reminders Automated and Delivered at Scale Across Two Institutions: Testing the Nudge System: Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phat Luong ◽  
Thomas J. Glorioso ◽  
Gary K. Grunwald ◽  
Pamela Peterson ◽  
Larry A. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Medication Refill ◽  
The Impact

Background: Medication refill behavior in patients with cardiovascular diseases is suboptimal. Brief behavioral interventions called Nudges may impact medication refill behavior and can be delivered at scale to patients using text messaging. Methods: Patients who were prescribed and filled at least one medication for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease were identified for the pilot study. Patients eligible for the pilot (N=400) were enrolled with an opportunity to opt out. In phase I of the pilot, we tested text message delivery to 60 patients. In phase II, we tested intervention feasibility by identifying those with refill gap of ≥7 days and randomized them to intervention or control arms. Patients were texted Nudges and assessed whether they refilled their medications. Results: Of 400 patients sent study invitations, 56 (14%) opted out. In phase I, we successfully delivered text messages to 58 of 60 patients and captured patient responses via text. In phase II, 207 of 286 (72.4%) patients had a medication gap ≥7 days for one or more cardiovascular medications and were randomized to intervention or control. Enrolled patients averaged 61.7 years old, were primarily male (69.1%) and White (72.5%) with hypertension being the most prevalent qualifying condition (78.7%). There was a trend towards intervention patients being more likely to refill at least 1 gapping medication (30.6% versus 18.0%; P =0.12) and all gapping medications (17.8% versus 10.0%; P =0.27). Conclusions: It is possible to set up automated processes within health care delivery systems to identify patients with gaps in medication adherence and send Nudges to facilitate medication refills. Text message Nudges could potentially be a feasible and effective method to facilitate medication refills. A large multi-site randomized trial to determine the impact of text-based Nudges on overall CVD morbidity and mortality is now underway to explore this further. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03973931.

scholarly journals Text message reminders as an adjunct to a substance use intervention for adolescents and young adults: Pilot feasibility and acceptability findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205520762096505
Author(s):  
Frank J Schwebel ◽  
Mary E Larimer
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Message Content ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
Pilot Intervention

Objective Text messaging has been proposed as a method for increasing the reach of interventions for harmful alcohol and other drug use. This paper describes the design of an automated text messaging adjunct to a substance use intervention intended to support adolescents and young adults attempting to change their alcohol and other drug use behavior. Feasibility and acceptability testing was conducted as part of this pilot study. Method Five focus groups were conducted to refine text message content and finalize pilot intervention design. Automated, daily, substance use-related reminder text messages were sent to pilot intervention participants ( n = 39), who were recruited from outpatient treatment. Results Of those who were invited, 63% enrolled in the study and 89.7% remained enrolled in the study as measured by completing at least one assessment after baseline. Participants reported a positive experience with the messages, particularly supportive/empowering messages and commitment reminder messages. Conclusions These findings suggest that text messaging is a feasible and acceptable method for delivery of substance use-related reminder content as an adjunct to substance use intervention.

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