The effects of rivastigmine on processing speed and brain activation in patients with multiple sclerosis and subjective cognitive fatigue

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1351-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Huolman ◽  
P Hämäläinen ◽  
V Vorobyev ◽  
J Ruutiainen ◽  
R Parkkola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Cognitive Fatigue ◽  
Serial Addition ◽  
The Right

Background: Cognitive decline and fatigue are typical in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there is no official medication for either of these symptoms. Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of a single dose of rivastigmine on processing speed and associated brain activity in patients with MS and subjective cognitive fatigue. Methods: Fifteen patients with MS and subjective cognitive fatigue and 13 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, gender and education performed a neuropsychological assessment and functional (f)MRI. A modified version of the Paced Visual Serial Addition Test (mPVSAT) was used as the behavioural task during fMRIs. After the first scanning session, both groups were randomly divided into two subgroups receiving either rivastigmine or placebo. A single dose of rivastigmine or placebo was administrated double-blindly and 2.5 hours later the scanning was repeated. Results: At baseline, the patients with MS showed slower processing speed in mPVSAT compared with the HCs. They also demonstrated stronger bilateral frontal activation after sustained cognitive effort than the HCs. Performance improvement and a further activation increase in the left anterior frontal cortex and additional activation in the right cerebellum were observed in patients who received rivastigmine but not in patients on placebo, or in HCs with placebo or rivastigmine. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that rivastigmine may improve cognitive processing speed by enhancing compensatory brain activation in patients with MS.

scholarly journals Frontal brain activity and cognitive processing speed in multiple sclerosis: An exploration of EEG neurofeedback training

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 101716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp M. Keune ◽  
Sascha Hansen ◽  
Torsten Sauder ◽  
Sonja Jaruszowic ◽  
Christina Kehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Eeg Neurofeedback ◽  
Cognitive Processing Speed

scholarly journals Validation of Discrete and Regression-Based Performance and Cognitive Fatigability Normative Data for the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test in Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin S. Walker ◽  
Jason A. Berard ◽  
Lisa A. S. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Performance Decrement ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
Serial Addition ◽  
Over Time

Cognitive fatigability is an objective performance decrement that occurs over time during a task requiring sustained cognitive effort. Although cognitive fatigability is a common and debilitating symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS), there is currently no standard for its quantification. The objective of this study was to validate the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) discrete and regression-based normative data for quantifying performance and cognitive fatigability in an Ontario-based sample of individuals with MS. Healthy controls and individuals with MS completed the 3″ and 2″ versions of the PASAT. PASAT performance was measured with total correct, dyad, and percent dyad scores. Cognitive fatigability scores were calculated by comparing performance on the first half (or third) of the task to the last half (or third). The results revealed that the 3″ PASAT was sufficient to detect impaired performance and cognitive fatigability in individuals with MS given the increased difficulty of the 2″ version. In addition, using halves or thirds for calculating cognitive fatigability scores were equally effective methods for detecting impairment. Finally, both the discrete and regression-based norms classified a similar proportion of individuals with MS as having impaired performance and cognitive fatigability. These newly validated discrete and regression-based PASAT norms provide a new tool for clinicians to document statistically significant cognitive fatigability in their patients.

Myelin Damage in Normal Appearing White Matter Contributes to Impaired Cognitive Processing Speed in Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Shawna Abel ◽  
Irene Vavasour ◽  
Lisa Eunyoung Lee ◽  
Poljanka Johnson ◽  
Nathalie Ackermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Processing Speed ◽  
Myelin Damage

Hyperconnectivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex following mental effort in multiple sclerosis patients with cognitive fatigue

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 1665-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Pravatà ◽  
Chiara Zecca ◽  
Carlo Sestieri ◽  
Massimo Caulo ◽  
Gianna Carla Riccitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Fatigue ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
Serial Addition ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objective: To investigate the dynamic temporal changes of brain resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) following mental effort in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with cognitive fatigue (CF). Methods: Twenty-two MS patients, 11 with (F) and 11 without CF, and 12 healthy controls were included. Separate RS-FC scans were acquired on a 3T MR scanner immediately before ( t0), immediately after ( t1) and 30 minutes after ( t2) execution of the paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT), a cognitively demanding task. Subjectively perceived CF after PASAT execution was also assessed. RS-FC changes were investigated by using a data-driven approach (the Intrinsic Connectivity Contrast-power), complemented by a priori defined regions of interest analyses. Results: The F-group patients experienced stronger RS-FC at t2 between the left superior frontal gyrus (L-SFG) and occipital, frontal and temporal areas, which increased over time after PASAT execution. In the F-group patients, the L-SFG was hyperconnected at t1 with the left caudate nucleus and hypoconnected at t2 with the left anterior thalamus. These variations were correlated with both subjectively perceived and clinically assessed CF, and—for the left thalamus—with PASAT performance. Conclusion: The development of cortico–cortical and cortico–subcortical hyperconnectivity following mental effort is related to CF symptoms in MS patients.

Cognitive Processing Speed Is Related to Fall Frequency in Older Adults With Multiple Sclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1567-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob J. Sosnoff ◽  
Swathi Balantrapu ◽  
Lara A. Pilutti ◽  
Brian M. Sandroff ◽  
Steven Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Processing Speed

Device-Measured Physical Activity and Cognitive Processing Speed Impairment in a Large Sample of Persons with Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 798-805
Author(s):  
Brian M. Sandroff ◽  
Robert W. Motl
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Cognitive Processing Speed

AbstractObjective:There is accumulating evidence regarding the beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on cognitive processing speed in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, one overarching limitation of this research is that researchers have not recruited samples who have the actual problem of being studied (i.e., cognitive processing speed impairment). This study examined associations between device-measured PA and cognitive processing speed in a large sample of persons with MS overall and between those with and without cognitive processing speed impairment.Method:Three hundred eighty-five persons with MS underwent the oral Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and wore an accelerometer for 7 days for PA measurement. We divided the overall sample into subsamples with (n = 140) and without (n = 245) cognitive processing speed impairment based on age, sex, and education-adjusted SDMT Z-scores.Results:After controlling for age and disability status, higher levels of device-measured PA were significantly associated with faster cognitive processing speed overall, and the association was significantly stronger among persons with MS who presented with cognitive processing speed impairment.Conclusions:This examination provides initial cross-sectional support for informing the development of PA interventions as a possible approach for managing MS-related cognitive processing speed impairment. This highlights the importance of developing purposefully designed trials involving PA interventions for targeting cognitive processing speed as a primary end point among persons with MS with impaired cognitive processing speed.

scholarly journals Cognitive Fatigue and Processing Speed in Children Treated for Brain Tumours

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Elin Irestorm ◽  
Ingrid Ora ◽  
Helena Linge ◽  
Ingrid Tonning Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Cranial Radiotherapy ◽  
Cognitive Fatigue ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Cognitive Processing Speed

Abstract Objective: The relationship between fatigue and cognition has not been fully elucidated in children and adolescent survivors of brain tumours. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential relationship between fatigue and cognitive impairments in these survivors, as this group is at risk for both types of deficits. Methods: Survivors of paediatric brain tumours (n = 45) underwent a neuropsychological testing on average 4 years after diagnosis. Mean age at follow-up was 13.41 years. Cognition was assessed with neuropsychological tests, and fatigue with the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL™) Multidimensional Fatigue Scale. Regression analysis, adjusted for cranial radiotherapy and age at diagnosis, was used to investigate the associations between cognitive variables and fatigue subscales. Cognitive variables associated with fatigue were subsequently exploratively assessed. Results: Significant associations were found for cognitive fatigue and measures of cognitive processing speed; Coding: p = .003, r = .583, 95% CI [9.61; 22.83] and Symbol Search: p = .001, r = .585, 95% CI [10.54; 24.87]. Slower processing speed was associated with poorer results for cognitive fatigue. Survivors with the largest decrease in processing speed from baseline to follow-up also experienced the most cognitive fatigue. Survivors expressed more cognitive fatigue compared to other types of fatigue. Conclusions: The association between cognitive fatigue and cognitive processing speed in children and adolescents treated for brain tumours is in concordance with the results previously reported in adults. Some survivors experience fatigue without impairment in processing speed, indicating the need for comprehensive assessments. Moreover, the study supports that fatigue is a multidimensional concept which should be measured accordingly.

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