Measuring party organization: The vertical dimension of the multi-level organization of state-wide parties in Spain and the UK

Why, in some multi-level systems, does political competition preserve highly independent spheres of political life across the units and levels of a federation, while in other multi-level systems, political competition results in the emergence of a shared political space? This chapter argues that these patterns of independent or integrated politics in multi-level systems are shaped in important ways by the federal institutional structure, which shapes the incentives that parties and voters alike face. Surveying the literature that identifies how institutions impact party organization, party systems, and electoral behaviour, this chapter sets out a two-stage causal process whereby institutions shape aspects of integrated politics and aspects of integrated politics reinforce each other.

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How entrepreneurial resilience generates resilient SMEs

International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research ◽

10.1108/ijebr-11-2016-0396 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 1244-1263 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Layla Jayne Branicki ◽

Bridgette Sullivan-Taylor ◽

Sarah Rachael Livschitz

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Small Sample ◽

Uncertain Environments ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Content Type ◽

Organizational Settings ◽

Multi Level ◽

The Uk ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how entrepreneurial behaviors support small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) resilience, refine the concept of entrepreneurial resilience, and identify how SME resilience might be promoted. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative data were collected in the UK via 11 focus groups which provided a sub-sample of 19 SME participants. Findings Because of their experience operating in uncertain environments, their direct experience of adversity, and the informal organizational settings they inhabit, entrepreneurs are often highly resilient and possess capabilities that enable SMEs to be resilient. Entrepreneurial resilience provides a basis for SME resilience that differs significantly from best practices as understood in larger firms. Research limitations/implications Exploratory qualitative research on a small sample (n=19) limits the generalizability of this work. Further research could quantitatively test the paper’s findings and/or examine the link between entrepreneurial resilience and the resilience of larger firms. Practical implications Rather than encouraging formal planning and redundancy, policy and practice designed to promote the resilience of SMEs should pay greater attention to building capacities to cope with uncertainty, generating and leveraging personal relationships, and activating the ability to experiment and think creatively in response to crises. Originality/value This paper draws on organizational psychology research to refine understanding of entrepreneurial resilience and to empirically examine and inductively theorize the multi-level relationships between entrepreneurial resilience and SME resilience.

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Governments in Opposition? Devolution, Multi-level Government and Party Competition in the UK

Political Insight ◽

10.1111/j.2041-9066.2012.00109.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 26-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicola McEwen ◽

Wilfried Swenden ◽

Nicole Bolleyer

Keyword(s):

Party Competition ◽

Multi Level ◽

The Uk ◽

Level Government

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The Success and Failure of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) in the UK, Germany and the Netherlands: Revisiting Stewart Russell’s Perspective on Technology Choices in Society

Science & Technology Studies ◽

10.23987/sts.55313 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 15-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K Matthias Weber

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Technological Change ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Technical Change ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Research Work ◽

District Heating ◽

Combined Heat And Power ◽

Multi Level ◽

The Uk

Stewart Russell’s research work on combined heat and power / district heating (CHP/DH) in the UK was among the first empirical contributions to demonstrate that technological change is not just determined by seemingly objective technical and economic performance characteristics, but rather the result of social choices. His rich conceptual thinking is reconstructed in a coherent framework, and its explanatory power explored by analysing the innovation diff usion paradox of CHP/DH: in spite of very similar technical and economic characteristics, the patterns of innovation and diff usion diff er signifi cantly across countries. To this end, the evolution of CHP/DH in the UK, Germany and the Netherlands is compared. Russell’s ideas can be regarded as a predecessor of recent multi-level approaches to the analysis of socio-technical change. He put much emphasis on studying power relations for explaining the (non-) occurrence of socio-technical change; an issue that is still debated today.

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What Common Agricultural Policy after Brexit?

Politics and Governance ◽

10.17645/pag.v7i3.2117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 40-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christilla Roederer-Rynning ◽

Alan Matthews

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Policy ◽

Common Agricultural Policy ◽

Farm Income ◽

Urban Rural ◽

The Common ◽

Multi Level ◽

The Uk ◽

Political Economic ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

Suppose we were in 2028: what would the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) look like then? Would it be significantly different from the policy we know today? How, and why? And to what extent would Brexit have catalyzed these changes? The CAP is one of the founding policies of the EU and a strategic lever to address critical 21st century challenges such as climate change and the rising demand for food at the global level. It also has an important role in Europe to address the growing urban-rural divide and its potentially destabilizing impact on European politics. In this article, we examine the impact of Brexit from a political-economic perspective emphasizing the multi-level context within which the CAP is embedded. As an EU member state, the UK found a way to partly accommodate the CAP to its needs even though this policy was a source of intense UK dissatisfaction with the EU. Post-Brexit, the budgetary and market implications of the UK’s departure may favour positions that support a return to a more traditional policy of farm income support. On the other hand, more radical farm policies in England and Wales could partly offset these effects by setting the agenda for continued CAP reform, if they are seen to be successful.

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Devolution, Social Citizenship, and Territorial Culture: Equity and Diversity in the Anglo-Scottish Relationship

Anglo-Scottish Relations, from 1900 to Devolution and Beyond ◽

10.5871/bacad/9780197263310.003.0008 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Charlie Jeffery

Keyword(s):

Social Citizenship ◽

Southern Half ◽

Multi Level ◽

The Uk ◽

Financial Arrangements ◽

Policy Variation ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Level Government

This chapter addresses the ‘blunt’ question: ‘why should taxpayers in the southern half of England pay for everyone else's needs?’ Devolution changes the content of UK citizenship. It also argues that some quite good indicators are available of how the Scots view these relationships and express their expectations of multi-level government. The tensions which can exist between statewide commonality and territorial variation of policy standards, as exemplified in particular in the relationship of Quebec to Anglophone Canada, are investigated. It then considers how citizens as voters plot their ways through multi-level government by studying how far and why voters behave differently at territorial as compared to statewide elections. Moreover, the findings to Scottish-English relationships in the UK are applied, emphasizing first on territorial policy variation and ‘multi-level voting’, then on the importance of territorial financial arrangements in expressing ideas about the statewide solidarity of citizens in all territories.

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Introduction

The UK and Multi-level Financial Regulation ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198828952.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Scott James ◽

Lucia Quaglia

Keyword(s):

Financial Regulation ◽

Single Market ◽

Preliminary Assessment ◽

The Future ◽

Multi Level ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu ◽

Regulatory Reforms

This chapter outlines the theoretical and empirical puzzles that inform the book, its objectives, overall argument, and structure. It sets out to explain the changing preferences and influence of the UK in shaping multi-level financial regulation. In particular, the book addresses two empirical questions. Why has the UK favoured increasingly stringent regulation in certain financial sectors since the crisis, but not in others? Why has the UK led international and EU-level regulatory reforms in some areas, but has resisted these initiatives in other areas? The chapter also outlines the book’s ambition to undertake a preliminary assessment of the impact of Brexit on the future of UK financial regulation, focused on two questions. Why has the UK decided to withdraw from the EU single market in services, including finance? How is Brexit likely to impact on the UK’s regulatory preferences and ability to shape multi-level financial regulation?

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