scholarly journals More than meets the ear: Individual differences in trait and state willingness to communicate as predictors of language learning performance in a Chinese EFL context

2020 ◽  
pp. 136216882095193
Author(s):  
Jiayi Zhang ◽  
Nadin Beckmann ◽  
Jens F. Beckmann
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Willingness To Communicate ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Communication Behaviour ◽  
English Classrooms ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
And Performance

Chinese students are frequently seen as passive learners because of their apparent reluctance to speak, particularly in English classrooms. However, this impression seems to reflect a stereotype which is likely to confound willingness to communicate (WTC) and communication behaviour. In this article we argue for more attention to be paid to individual differences to complement culture-related explanations of differences in WTC. Self-report data on WTC at both trait and state levels and personality characteristics were analysed in relation to L2 language learning performance in a sample of 103 university students. Individual differences in WTCL1 were found to be strongly related to extraversion; whilst individual differences in WTCL2 were associated with openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness, rather than extraversion. Moreover, this study differentiates state WTCL2 from communication behaviour, and provides evidence for both trait and state WTCL2 being important predictors of L2 learning performance despite being differently related to personality. Our results overall suggest that exclusively relying on observable communication behaviour is likely to overlook effective antecedences of learning and performance. This study pleads for a more differentiated perspective on WTC and its personality correlates at both trait and state levels. It provides further evidence that WTC is a useful construct in working towards a better understanding of language learning processes.

scholarly journals One situation doesn’t fit all: Variability and stability of state willingness to communicate in a Chinese College English classroom

2019 ◽  
pp. 136216881989133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayi Zhang ◽  
Nadin Beckmann ◽  
Jens F. Beckmann
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Situated Learning ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Willingness To Communicate ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
English Classrooms ◽  
Task Interest ◽  
Measurement Design

Willingness to communicate (WTC) used to be studied as a relatively stable, trait-like predisposition; however, recently attention has shifted to the more dynamic, state-like components of WTC. This research investigates variability and stability in state WTC, particularly focusing on within-person variability, which may lead to stable between-person differences, and situational antecedents that can either promote or hinder state WTC in L2 classrooms. To investigate whether, how and why state WTC varies over time, this study used a high-density repeated measurement design and a group of Chinese university students to describe fluctuations in state WTC in English classrooms over one semester. Data related to state WTC and selected situational antecedents were collected through a self-report questionnaire and statistically analysed. It was found that state WTC varied systematically within the person across the semester, and this variability was systematically related to changes in the psychological properties of the learning situations (e.g. teacher and peer support, task-interest, and task-importance). It was also found that within-person variability in state WTC predicted language learning performance, e.g. students whose state WTC increased as a function of perceived task interest tended to achieve higher grades at the end of the semester. This study calls for more attention to be directed at within-person variability in state WTC, and provides novel insights into how relationships between state WTC and its situational antecedents may be investigated within individuals. This work is of interest to researchers and practitioners who aim to enhance L2 learners’ state WTC and language learning performance by systematically shaping their situated learning experience.

scholarly journals Questionnaire instrumentation for strategic vocabulary learning in the Swedish as a second language learning context

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-348
Author(s):  
Richard LaBontee
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Vocabulary Learning Strategies ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

This article reports on the final round of piloting for a questionnaire instrument created and designed with the intention of collecting self-report data on adult, beginner Swedish L2 learners’ use of vocabulary learning strategies. The Swedish Vocabulary Learning Strategy Survey (SVLSS) version 1.2 is distributed to 182 participants studying Swedish at institutes of higher learning in Sweden. The collected data set is subject to exploratory factor analysis to explore initial interpretations of the underlying constructs of the instrument, and analyzed for content validity and internal consistency. Readability and accessibility of the instrument is also addressed. Initial findings and interpretations are used to guide the development of a preliminary VLS taxonomy for the SVLSS, as well as suggest and perform revisions that will result in the SVLSS 2.0.

Transfer as a two‐way process: testing a model

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Vermeulen ◽  
Wilfried Admiraal
Keyword(s):  
Training Transfer ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
One Year

PurposeThe purpose of this exploratory research is to test the model of training transfer as a two‐way process.Design/methodology/approachBased on self‐report data gathered from 58 to 44 respondents in a field experiment, it is argued that there is not just learning in the context of training and not just application in the context of work. For training design may ask for performance during training, and data show significant further learning of skills in the context of work.FindingsThe overall results of the data analysis suggest support for transfer as a two‐way process. Data show a dip in transfer in the first interval, three weeks after training. In the longer term (one year), transfer restored significantly.Practical implicationsDiscusses how to combine learning and performance, in the training context and the work context.Originality/valueThe usual view of transfer is one‐way (from training to work; from learning to application), while transfer may be a two‐way process. A presented model is put to the test.

Individual Differences in Driver Stress and Performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Stress Condition ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Interference ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Driver Stress

80 subjects high and low in vulnerability to driver stress participated in a study of simulated driving performance. Subjects completed the Driving Behaviour Inventory, which assesses vulnerability through a Dislike of Driving scale. Half the subjects performed in a ‘stress’ condition, in which they frequently lost control of vehicle steering, the remainder in a non-stressful control condition. Two performance measures were analyzed: response time (RT) on a secondary attentional task, and a measure of lateral tracking. The stress manipulation was more strongly related to longer RTs in high Dislike of Driving subjects than in low Dislike subjects. However, slowing of response was more pronounced on straight than on curved road sections, i.e. when the driving task is relatively undemanding. This finding suggests that stress-related impairment is not simply due to overload of attention. Instead, the stress-vulnerable driver may have difficulties in matching effort to task demands, with under-mobilisation of effort when the task appears relatively easy. Lateral tracking data were also consistent with this hypothesis. Self-report data suggested that the manipulation was generally effective in inducing subjective stress symptoms. However, high Dislike subjects tended to react to the manipulation with particularly high levels of intrusive thoughts and ‘cognitive interference’.

scholarly journals General Factors of Psychopathology, Personality, and Personality Disorder: Across Domain Comparisons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Oltmanns ◽  
Gregory T. Smith ◽  
Thomas Oltmanns ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
P Factor

Three separate and distinct literatures exist investigating general factors of psychopathology (p factor), personality (GFP), and personality disorder (g-PD). Surprisingly, there has been little-to-no investigation regarding the convergence of these three distinct general factors. In the present investigation, two studies were conducted examining the convergence of the p factor, GFP, and g-PD. In Study 1, a combined model extracting all three factors from self-report data simultaneously found high convergence. The findings for the g-PD and GFP were replicated in Study 2 using multi-method data, wherein the GFP and the g-PD were extracted from a community sample of 1,630 older adults and correlated with an index of maladaptivity. The present findings support the position that general factors of psychopathology, personality disorder, and personality are likely to entail a common individual differences continuum, which may impact on how these general factors are to be understood.

scholarly journals Who suffers from stress? Action-state orientation moderates the effect of external stress on relationship satisfaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Backes ◽  
Veronika Brandstätter ◽  
Monika Kuster ◽  
Fridtjof W. Nussbeck ◽  
Thomas N. Bradbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Action Orientation ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
State Orientation ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

Growing evidence implicates stress as a reliable correlate of relationship satisfaction; yet, existing models fail to address why some relationships are more vulnerable than others to this effect. We draw from the literature on individual differences in self-regulation to predict that individuals who are more action oriented when confronted with aversive demands will buffer themselves and their partners against the detrimental effect of external stress. Using actor–partner interdependence modeling on self-report data from 368 couples, we show that the relationship satisfaction of highly stressed but action-oriented individuals and their partners is compromised less by external stress than that of state-oriented individuals and their partners. These results held after controlling for symptoms of depression and were not moderated by gender or by age, despite sampling couples varying widely in relationship duration. Results support the view that individual differences in self-regulation, and action orientation in particular, might benefit relationships confronted by stress, thus clarifying how dyads might be affected by demands outside their relationship.

Correlating Personality and Actual Phone Usage

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Montag ◽  
Konrad Błaszkiewicz ◽  
Bernd Lachmann ◽  
Ionut Andone ◽  
Rayna Sariyska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Voice Calls

In the present study we link self-report-data on personality to behavior recorded on the mobile phone. This new approach from Psychoinformatics collects data from humans in everyday life. It demonstrates the fruitful collaboration between psychology and computer science, combining Big Data with psychological variables. Given the large number of variables, which can be tracked on a smartphone, the present study focuses on the traditional features of mobile phones – namely incoming and outgoing calls and SMS. We observed N = 49 participants with respect to the telephone/SMS usage via our custom developed mobile phone app for 5 weeks. Extraversion was positively associated with nearly all related telephone call variables. In particular, Extraverts directly reach out to their social network via voice calls.

Articles Published in EJPA 2009–2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuulia M. Ortner ◽  
Isabella Vormittag
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

With reference to EJPA’s unique and broad scope, the current study analyzed the characteristics of the authors as well as the topics and research aims of the 69 empirical articles published in the years 2009–2010. Results revealed that more than one third of the articles were written by authors affiliated with more than one country. With reference to their research aims, an almost comparable number of articles (1) presented a new measure, (2) dealt with adaptations of measures, or (3) dealt with further research on existing measures. Analyses also revealed that most articles did not address any particular field of application. The second largest group was comprised of articles related to the clinical field, followed by the health-related field of application. The majority of all articles put their focus on investigating questionnaires or rating scales, and only a small number of articles investigated procedures classified as tests or properties of interviews. As to further characteristics of the method(s) used, a majority of EJPA contributions addressed self-report data. Results are discussed with reference to publication demands as well as the current and future challenges and demands of psychological assessment.

Does Dispositional Mindfulness Predict the Development of Grit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buaphrao Raphiphatthana ◽  
Paul Jose ◽  
Karen Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets

Abstract. Grit, that is, perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is a novel construct that has gained attention in recent years ( Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007 ). To date, little research has been performed with the goal of identifying the antecedents of grit. Thus, in order to fill this gap in the literature, self-report data were collected to examine whether mindfulness, a mindset of being-in-the-present in a nonjudgmental way, plays a role in fostering grittiness. Three hundred and forty-three undergraduate students completed an online survey once in a cross-sectional study, and of these, 74 students completed the survey again 4.5 months later. Although the cross-sectional analyses identified a number of positive associations between mindfulness and grit, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the mindfulness facets of acting with awareness and non-judging were the most important positive predictors of grit 4.5 months later. This set of findings offers implications for future grit interventions.

The Effects of Questionnaire Length and Behavioral Consequences on Careless Responding

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Gibson ◽  
Nathan A. Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Careless Responding ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Consistent Support

Abstract. The current paper reports the results of two randomized experiments designed to test the effects of questionnaire length on careless responding (CR). Both experiments also examined whether the presence of a behavioral consequence (i.e., a reward or a punishment) designed to encourage careful responding buffers the effects of questionnaire length on CR. Collectively, our two studies found (a) some support for the main effect of questionnaire length, (b) consistent support for the main effect of the consequence manipulations, and (c) very limited support for the buffering effect of the consequence manipulations. Because the advancement of many subfields of psychology rests on the availability of high-quality self-report data, further research should examine the causes and prevention of CR.

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