Diagnosis of autism in adulthood: A scoping review

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhe Huang ◽  
Samuel RC Arnold ◽  
Kitty-Rose Foley ◽  
Julian N Trollor
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Autism Diagnosis ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Pathways ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Time Assessment

More adults are undergoing autism assessment due to recent changes in awareness, diagnostic criteria and professional practices. This scoping review aimed to summarise research on autism diagnosis in adulthood and identify any gaps for future study. The authors searched for studies involving first-time assessment and diagnosis of autism in adults, which identified 82 studies from 13 countries using various methodologies. Six themes of (1) prevalence, (2) diagnostic pathways and processes, (3) gender, (4) psychosocial characteristics, (5) co-occurring conditions and (6) experiences of diagnosis were identified across the studies. Findings suggest that receiving an autism diagnosis has a significant emotional impact on adults, but accessibility and processes are inconsistent, and formal support services are lacking. More research is needed on autism diagnosis in adults with intellectual disability, consequences of the timing of diagnosis, and support after diagnosis. Lay abstract More adults are getting assessed for possible autism. Here, we give an overview on what is already known about autism diagnosis in adulthood and find areas that need more research. We divided results from the studies we found into six topics of (1) rates of autism in different groups; (2) the process of getting an autism diagnosis in adulthood; (3) gender; (4) personality traits, abilities and behaviours of diagnosed adults; (5) mental and physical health conditions that occur together with autism; and (6) how adults think and feel about being assessed and diagnosed. We found that adults often have strong emotions after being diagnosed, the process of getting a diagnosis can be unclear and different for everyone, and not many support services are available for adults. More research on diagnosing adults with intellectual disability, differences between early and late-diagnosed adults, and support after diagnosis would be useful.

Synthetic Aspects and First-time Assessment of 2-amino-1,3-selenazoles Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1224-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Facchinetti ◽  
Marcus V.N. De Souza ◽  
Ana C.S. Nery ◽  
Stephane L. Calixto ◽  
Juliana T. Granato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Assessment

scholarly journals Reasonable adjustments for people with intellectual disability in acute care: a scoping review of the evidence

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e039647
Author(s):  
Mairead Moloney ◽  
Therese Hennessy ◽  
Owen Doody
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Acute Care Setting ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Acute Care Settings ◽  
Fair Access

ObjectivesPeople with intellectual disability are vulnerable in terms of health service provision due to increased comorbidity, higher dependency and cognitive impairment. This review explored the literature to ascertain what reasonable adjustments are evident in acute care to support people with intellectual disability, ensuring they have fair access and utilisation of health services.DesignScoping review.SettingAcute care settings.MethodsFive databases were systematically searched to identify studies that reported on the implementation of reasonable adjustments. Authors worked in pairs to screen studies for inclusion, data were extracted and charted and findings were synthesised according to content and themes.ResultsOf the 7770 records identified, six studies were included in the review. The volume of evidence was influenced by specific inclusion criteria, and only papers that reported on the actual implementation of a reasonable adjustment within an acute care setting were included. Many papers reported on the concept of reasonable adjustment; however, few identified its applications in practice.ConclusionsThe scoping review highlights a lack of research on the practice and implementation of reasonable adjustments within acute care settings. There is a need for increased support, education and the provision of intellectual disability specialists across acute care settings.

scholarly journals Merits and perils of targeted neonatal echocardiography-based hemodynamic research: a position statement

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Kharrat ◽  
Patrick J. McNamara ◽  
Dany Weisz ◽  
Amish Jain
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
First Time ◽  
Neonatal Echocardiography ◽  
Clinical Problems ◽  
Time Assessment

In the neonatal setting, point-of-care ultrasound is increasingly being used to help clinicians with the evaluation of heart function. Practices in neonatology, particularly with regard to acute and chronic hemodynamic managements, were traditionally more driven on dogma and predefined thresholds and not always supported by demonstrable physiology. For the first time, targeted neonatal echocardiography (TNE) provided neonatal intensivists with a bedside tool that made real-time assessment of neonatal hemodynamics status feasible in even the tiniest of babies. This opened the door towards more targeted physiological driven practices, allowing us to test historical approaches to clinical problems in a more precise way. Despite the standardization of TNE training and the creation of a formalized curriculum, little attention has been paid to the establishment of an empirical framework to adjudicate scientific investigation. In this position statement, we reflect on the evolution of TNE in Canadian neonatal intensive care units, appraise its strengths and limitations, and suggest guiding principles for clinicians and researchers to consider as they take this field forward.

What constitutes effective support in obtaining and maintaining employment for individuals with intellectual disability? A scoping review

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Cindy Cheng ◽  
Jodi Oakman ◽  
Christine Bigby ◽  
Ellie Fossey ◽  
Jillian Cavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Scoping Review

Beyond 1-1 Advising

2015 ◽  
pp. 162-175
Author(s):  
Dawna Wilson ◽  
Kimberly M. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Support Services ◽  
First Century ◽  
Career And Technical ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Advising Model ◽  
First Time ◽  
First Time In College

This chapter presents practices Eastfield College employs to move beyond a traditional one-on-one advising model when preparing students for the twenty-first century workforce. No matter the students' status, first-time in college, returning to retool or dual high school-college enrollee, community colleges must rethink approaches to supporting them throughout the workforce development process if we are to adequately meet this century's workforce demands. In an institution-wide, customer-service approach, student needs not only drive the design but the delivery of support services. This chapter describes how Eastfield takes services to students by hosting Lunch and Learns, providing onsite advising, and establishing liaisons with local business partners. Collaborations with area high school districts to facilitate career and technical related career offerings are also discussed.

Non-participation triggers

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Katrin Križ
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Parenting Support ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Imminent Risk

This chapter examines child protection caseworkers' views of the factors that lead to children's non-participation. It analyses the interview responses of 67 child protection caseworkers who were asked whether they thought there were situations when it would not be appropriate to involve children in child protection-related processes. Workers in both Norway and the United States perceived several reasons why children can or should not participate. These reasons, which can be called 'non-participation triggers', included: children's young age; children's severe disability or mental illness, such as speech problems or a severe mental health issue that incapacitated children; and the possibility of negative emotional impact of the involvement on children. Study participants also mentioned the possibility of retraumatizing the child if they faced an abuser in a meeting and any imminent risk to children's safety. A few workers in both countries mentioned the occurrence of a crime as a non-involvement trigger, a case focus on providing parenting support services, or the child's wish not to be involved.

scholarly journals Promoting Postpartum Mental Health in Fathers: Recommendations for Nurse Practitioners

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheena V. Kumar ◽  
John L. Oliffe ◽  
Mary T. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Learning Preferences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Transition To Fatherhood

The transition to fatherhood can challenge the mental health of first-time fathers and heighten their risk for postpartum depression (PPD). Paternal PPD not only affects the individual, but relationships with partners and children as well. This scoping review explores paternal PPD, highlighting the factors for and impacts of paternal PPD, the experiences of first-time fathers during the postnatal period, including their knowledge gaps and learning preferences. Drawing on the scoping review findings, recommendations are made for postnatal programs to improve the inclusion of new fathers amid describing how nurse practitioners can promote men’s mental health in the postpartum period.

scholarly journals Research Support in Health Sciences Libraries: A Scoping Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Visintini ◽  
Mish Boutet ◽  
Melissa Helwig ◽  
Alison Manley
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Service Support ◽  
Medical Library ◽  
Service Areas ◽  
New Research ◽  
Abstract Screening

Background:As part of a health sciences library’s internal assessment of its research support services, an environmental scan and literature review were conducted to identify research services offered elsewhere in Canada. Through this process, it became clear that a more formal review of the academic literature would help libraries make informed decisions about their services. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review of research services provided in health sciences libraries contexts.Methods:Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, ERIC, CINAHL, LISTA, LISS, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google for articles which described the development, implementation, or evaluation of one or more research support initiatives in a health sciences library context. We identified additional articles by searching reference lists of included studies and soliciting medical library listservs.Results:Our database searches retrieved 7134 records, 4026 after duplicates were removed. Title/abstract screening excluded 3751, with 333 records retained for full-text screening. Seventy-five records were included, reporting on 74 different initiatives. Included studies were published between 1990 and 2017, the majority from North American and academic library contexts. Major service areas reported were the creation of new research support positions, and support services for systematic review support, grants, data management, open access and repositories.Conclusion:This scoping review is the first review to our knowledge to map research support services in the health sciences library context. It identified main areas of research service support provided by health sciences libraries that can be used for benchmarking or information gathering purposes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document