scholarly journals Who or what has agency in the discussion of antimicrobial resistance in UK news media (2010–2015)? A transitivity analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Curtis Collins ◽  
Rusi Jaspal ◽  
Brigitte Nerlich
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
News Media ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Research Councils

The increase in infections resistant to the existing antimicrobial medicines has become a topic of concern for health professionals, policy makers and publics across the globe; however, among the public there is a sense that this is an issue beyond their control. Research has shown that the news media can have a significant role to play in the public’s understanding of science and medicine. In this article, we respond to a call by research councils in the United Kingdom to study antibiotic or antimicrobial resistance as a social phenomenon by providing a linguistic analysis of reporting on this issue in the UK press. We combine transitivity analysis with a social representations framework to determine who and what the social actors are in discussions of antimicrobial resistance in the UK press (2010–2015), as well as which of those social actors are characterised as having agency in the processes around antimicrobial resistance. Findings show that antibiotics and the infections they are designed to treat are instilled with agency, that there is a tension between allocating responsibility to either doctors-as-prescribers or patients-as-users and collectivisation of the general public as an unspecified ‘we’: marginalising livestock farming and pharmaceutical industry responsibilities.

scholarly journals Does gonorrhoea screening intensity play a role in the early selection of antimicrobial resistance in men who have sex with men (MSM)? A comparative study of Belgium and the United Kingdom

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R. Kenyon ◽  
Irith De Baetselier ◽  
Tania Crucitti
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Selection Of

Background: It is unclear why antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States has tended to first appear in men who have sex with men (MSM). We hypothesize that increased exposure to antimicrobials from intensive STI screening programmes plays a role. Methods: We assess if there is a difference in the distribution of azithromycin, cefixime and ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between MSM and women in the United Kingdom (UK) where 70% of MSM report STI screening in the past year vs. Belgium where 9% report STI screening in the past year. Our hypothesis is that MICs of the MSM should be higher than those of the women in the UK but not Belgium. Data for the MICs were taken from the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme (GRASP) in the UK in 2010/2011 and 2014 and a similar national surveillance programme in Belgium in 2013/2014 (the first most complete available data). We used the Mann–Whitney test to compare the MIC distributions between MSM and women within each country Results: In the UK the MICs for all three antimicrobials were significantly higher in MSM than women at both time points (P all <0.0005). In Belgium only the MIC distribution for azithromycin was higher in MSM (P<0.0005). Conclusion: The findings for cefixime and ceftriaxone, but not azithromycin are compatible with our hypothesis that screening-intensity could contribute to the emergence of AMR. Numerous other interpretations of our results are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative Genome Sequence Analysis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovar 8 Isolates From Norway, Denmark, and the United Kingdom Indicates Distinct Phylogenetic Lineages and Differences in Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Miriam Cohen ◽  
Janine T. Bossé ◽  
Marc Stegger ◽  
Yanwen Li ◽  
Paul R. Langford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
The Uk

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a disease of major impact on pig health, welfare, and productivity globally. Serovar 8 (APP) is the predominant clinical serovar in Norway and the United Kingdom (UK), and has been isolated from clinical cases in Denmark. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the genetic variability of isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae APP8 in the Norwegian population. The secondary objectives were to determine the within-host variability of APP8; to compare the APP8 bacterial populations in Norway, Denmark, and the UK, including antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene profiles and to assess the effect of national differences in antimicrobial drug use and restricted animal movement on the occurrence of resistance. Isolates of APP8 from the UK (n=67), Denmark (n=22), and Norway (n=123) collected between 1983 and 2020 were compared using whole genome sequencing. To investigate genetic variability within individual hosts, an additional 104 APP8 isolates from the lungs of six Norwegian pigs were compared. Very low within-host variation was observed (≤ 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms). The phylogeny of 123 Norwegian APP8 isolates from 76 herds revealed some within-herd genetic variation, but substantial geographical clustering. When inferring the relatedness of the three international APP8 collections, the topology highlighted the existence of two distinct monophyletic branches characterized by the Norwegian and UK isolates, respectively. Three Danish isolates were scattered across the UK branch, whereas the remaining 19 Danish isolates clustered in two monophyletic groups nested in the Norwegian branch. Coalescence analysis, performed to estimate the divergences from a common ancestor, indicated a last common ancestor several centuries ago. The phylogenetic analyses also revealed striking differences in occurrence of AMR genes, as these were 23-times more prevalent among the UK isolates than among the Norwegian isolates. An increased understanding of the effects of population strategies is helpful in surveillance and control of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals The language of suffering: Media discourse and public attitudes towards the MH17 air tragedy in Malaysia and the UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-580
Author(s):  
Theng Theng Ong ◽  
Robert M. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
News Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
The West ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Malaysian Airlines

‘If it bleeds, it leads’, events characterised by fatalities, are likely to attract high levels of media coverage. This study adopts a multidisciplinary approach to investigate public discourses on the MH17 tragedy in Malaysia and the United Kingdom. First, corpus-based discourse analysis was employed to explore the construction of the Malaysian Airlines tragedy MH17 in four selected Malaysian and British newspapers. In addition, an attitudinal study examining 50 Malaysian and 50 UK nationals’ perceptions of the tragedy was conducted. Keywords analysis revealed an overall tendency for the news media to construct the air tragedy through classifications between ‘us’ and ‘others’. Specifically, important ‘Us’ (Malaysian elites) and non-important ‘Other’ (non-Malaysian) in the Malaysian newspapers, versus good ‘Us’ (the West) and evil ‘Others’ (Russia) in the British newspapers. The attitudinal analysis shows, for both the Malaysian and the UK respondents, the most salient associations with the MH17 tragedy related to ‘ conflicts’.

scholarly journals Cash, carrots, and sticks: Open Access incentives for researchers

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Joseph Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Scholarly Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Funding Mechanism ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Research Councils

Each country, scholarly field and institution has developed responses to new scholarly communication systems, and those policies and responses influence the behavior of the scholars within those systems.  Over the last couple of years, policy makers and stakeholders in the United Kingdom have thoroughly discussed open access issues.  In July 2012, the Finch Report and the Research Councils UK (RCUK) Policy on open access were published. The RCUK, one of the major funding bodies for research in the UK, announced the availability of a new funding mechanism to help researchers at member institutions transition their sponsored work to open access sources.  Because the author is more familiar with the scholarly communication situation in the United States, the author interviewed 16 people with international perspectives on scholarly communication issues. This article provides an overview of the discussions with those individuals.

Promoting multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary ageing research in the United Kingdom

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHERINE HAGAN HENNESSY ◽  
ALAN WALKER
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Ageing Research ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Scientific Associations ◽  
Research Councils

ABSTRACTMulti-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary working has for long been advocated in gerontology, and sometimes contested. Although collaboration between disciplines is common practice in many areas of ageing research, much remains to be done to develop and support such work. Internationally, funding agencies, scientific associations and other stakeholders in ageing research are actively involved in establishing the methods and means to promote cross-disciplinary co-operation in the field. In the United Kingdom (UK) since the late 1990s, the statutory Research Councils with key interests in ageing and older people have been actively pursuing research programmes that feature multi-disciplinarity and inter-disciplinarity. The National Collaboration on Ageing Research (NCAR), a partnership among four of the Research Councils to stimulate cross-disciplinary collaboration, worked with scientists, funding bodies, and research users to develop approaches to multi- and inter-disciplinary research, and their work informed the New Dynamics of Ageing (NDA) Programme, a major cross-Research Council programme of multi-disciplinary research which spans the social, medical, biological and engineering sciences and the arts and humanities. Drawing on the authors' participation in these activities, this article reviews key developments in the promotion of multi-disciplinary science on ageing in the UK and highlights how this is being pursued in the NDA Programme.

scholarly journals Who’s to Blame for Asylum ‘Moral Panics’? Asylum Seekers’ Perspectives on UK Policymaking, News Reporting, and Preferences of Identity Construction

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-221
Author(s):  
Amadu Khan
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
News Media ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Moral Panics ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

This chapter critically reviews policies and news reporting in the United Kingdom claiming that they create, circulate and sustain a labelling of asylum seekers as folk devils. Drawing on interviews with asylum seekers on their preferred forms of representation, the author argues that, while the news media is mainly blamed for moral panics and representations of asylum seekers as folk devils, policymaking is equally complicit in the current demonization of asylum seekers in the UK.

scholarly journals Social representations of ‘social distancing’ in response to COVID-19 in the UK media

2021 ◽  
pp. 001139212199003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Nerlich ◽  
Rusi Jaspal
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right

The emergence and spread of a new pandemic, COVID-19, have raised topics of concern for health professionals, policy makers and publics across the globe. Governments have struggled to find the right policies to stop disease transmission, but all have introduced social distancing. In the United Kingdom this has come to be understood as staying at home and, when outside, maintaining a physical distance of approximately two metres between oneself and others. In this article, the authors examine the emergence of this new social representation as portrayed in one UK broadsheet and one tabloid with the widest circulation: The Times and The Sun, between early March and early April 2020. Using social representations theory and thematic analysis, the authors show that social distancing struggled to emerge from underneath government obfuscation. It was first seen as a threat to normal life, which in modernity is predicated on mobility; it was later portrayed as a threat to social order; and finally perceived as a burden that, like the lockdown (its conceptual twin), needed to be lifted.

scholarly journals Does gonorrhoea screening intensity play a role in the early selection of antimicrobial resistance in men who have sex with men (MSM)? A comparative study of Belgium and the United Kingdom

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R. Kenyon ◽  
Irith De Baetselier ◽  
Tania Crucitti
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Selection Of

Background: It is unclear why antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States has tended to first appear in men who have sex with men (MSM). We hypothesize that increased exposure to antimicrobials from intensive STI screening programmes plays a role. Methods: We assess if there is a difference in the distribution of azithromycin, cefixime and ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between MSM and women in the United Kingdom (UK) where 70% of MSM report STI screening in the past year vs. Belgium where 9% report STI screening in the past year. Our hypothesis is that MICs of the MSM should be higher than those of the women in the UK but not Belgium. Data for the MICs were taken from the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme (GRASP) in the UK in 2010/2011 and 2014 and a similar national surveillance programme in Belgium in 2013/2014 (the first most complete available data). We used the Mann–Whitney test to compare the MIC distributions between MSM and women within each country Results: In the UK the MICs for all three antimicrobials were significantly higher in MSM than women at both time points (P all <0.0005). In Belgium only the MIC distribution for azithromycin was higher in MSM (P<0.0005). Conclusion: The findings for cefixime and ceftriaxone, but not azithromycin are compatible with our hypothesis that screening-intensity could contribute to the emergence of AMR. Numerous other interpretations of our results are discussed.

İngiltere’den Türkiye’ye ‘Düzensiz’ Göçmen Dövizi Gönderme Davranışının Nedenleri Üzerine Nitel Bir İnceleme

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Fethiye Tilbe
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Money Transfers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Migrant Groups

Bu makale, göçmen dövizi  akımlarında “düzensizlik” olarak ifade ettiğimiz, Türkiye’ye resmi kanallar dışında gönderilen enformel  göçmen dövizlerini, Birleşik Krallık’ta (özellikle Londra’da) yaşayan Türkiye kökenli göçmenler açısından incelemektedir. Her göçmen grubu, gerek ev sahibi ülkedeki düzenleyici çerçeve ve sosyo-ekonomik koşullar, gerek göçmen topluluğunun sosyo-kültürel değerleri tarafından belirlenen biçimde, farklı göçmen dövizi transfer biçimlerine eğilim sergilemektedir. Dolayısıyla farklı ülkelerdeki aynı kökenden göçmen toplulukları, ev sahibi ülkedeki dinamikler nedeniyle göçmen dövizlerinin formel ya da enformel (düzenli ya da düzensiz) gönderiminde farklılaşabilirken, aynı ülkedeki farklı ülke kökenli göçmen grupları da pek çok örüntünün etkisiyle farklı eğilim gösterebilmektedir. Nitel araştırma tasarımı kapsamında 27 göçmen ve 7 anahtar statüdeki katılımcıyla gerçekleştirilen yüz yüze görüşmelere dayalı olan bu çalışma, Birleşik Krallık’tan Türkiye’ye göçmen dövizi gönderimindeki düzensizlik olgusunu, her iki ülkenin sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel dinamikleriyle ilişkilendirerek incelemeyi ve nedenlerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaç edinmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, göçmenlik statüsü, gönderilen para miktar ve sıklığı ile geleneksel ilişki ağlarına olan güvenin yanında, Birleşik Krallık’taki sosyal yardım ve çalışma biçimine ilişkinin düzenleyici çerçevenin ve göçmenlerin sosyo-ekonomik durumlarının Türkiye’ye enformel göçmen dövizi gönderiminde temel belirleyici olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHA Qualitative Examination of Determinants of Remittances Sending Behaviour Among Immigrants from Turkey in the UKThis article examines the causes of irregularity in remittances flows from the United Kingdom (UK) to Turkey, from the perspective of migrants from Turkey living in the UK. Each group of migrants prefers different types of remittance sending methods, as determined by the regulatory framework and socio-economic conditions in the host country and the socio-cultural values of the migrant community. Therefore, migrant communities of the same origin in different countries may differ in using formal or informal sending methods of remittances due to the dynamics in the host country. Similarly, migrant groups of different nationalities in the same country may show different tendencies due to the influence of many patterns. Similarly, migrant groups of different nationalities in the same country may show different tendencies due to the influence of many patterns. This study aims to examine the phenomenon of irregularities in sending remittances by associating with the social, economic and cultural dynamics of both countries. For this purpose, face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 immigrants and 7 key status participants by using qualitative research method. The obtained results reveal that the regulatory framework relating to social assistance and labour market in the UK, immigration status, the frequency and the amount of money sent and confidence in traditional relationship networks is the main determinants of informal money transfers to Turkey.

TBE in United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
Louping Ill ◽  
The Uk ◽  
North And South ◽  
South West England

Until 2019, TBE was considered only to be an imported disease to the United Kingdom. In that year, evidence became available that the TBEV is likely circulating in the country1,2 and a first “probable case” of TBE originating in the UK was reported.3 In addition to TBEV, louping ill virus (LIV), a member of the TBEV-serocomplex, is also endemic in parts of the UK. Reports of clinical disease caused by LIV in livestock are mainly from Scotland, parts of North and South West England and Wales.4

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