Comment on ‘Experimental conditions to examine the relationship between lamp colour properties and apparent brightness’ by SA Fotios

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
AR Bean
Keyword(s):  
Colour Properties ◽  
Apparent Brightness ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

Lamp colour properties and apparent brightness: a review

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve A Fotios
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Data ◽  
Colour Properties ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Apparent Brightness ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Interior Lighting ◽  
The Relationship

This paper reviews previous work exploring apparent brightness in interior spaces, in particular the relationship between lamp spectrum and illuminance. An understanding of this is beneficial to designers of interior lighting and to researchers investigating visual response to lighting. The review establishes reliable data from previous work, examines the correlation between descriptors of lamp colour properties and illuminance, and identifies some further work required.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Resistance Exercise Performance and Ventilatory Efficiency after Beetroot Juice Intake in Well-Trained Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1094
Author(s):  
Noemí Serra-Payá ◽  
Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño ◽  
Sergio Sánchez-Nuño ◽  
Lluís Albesa-Albiol ◽  
Montserrat Girabent-Farrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Ventilatory Efficiency ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope ◽  
The Relationship

The assessment of ventilatory efficiency is critical to understanding the matching of ventilation (VE) and perfusion in the lungs during exercise. This study aimed to establish a causal physiological relationship between ventilatory efficiency and resistance exercise performance after beetroot juice (BJ) intake. Eleven well-trained males performed a resistance exercise test after drinking 140 mL of BJ (~12.8 mmol NO3−) or a placebo (PL). Ventilatory efficiency was assessed by the VE•VCO2−1 slope, the oxygen uptake efficiency slope and the partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2). The two experimental conditions were controlled using a randomized, double-blind crossover design. The resistance exercise test involved repeating the same routine twice, which consisted of wall ball shots plus a full squat (FS) with a 3 min rest or without a rest between the two exercises. A higher weight lifted was detected in the FS exercise after BJ intake compared with the PL during the first routine (p = 0.004). BJ improved the VE•VCO2−1 slope and the PetCO2 during the FS exercise in the first routine and at rest (p < 0.05). BJ intake improved the VE•VCO2−1 slope and the PetCO2 coinciding with the resistance exercise performance. The ergogenic effect of BJ could be induced under aerobic conditions at rest.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ADIPOSE CELL

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel W. Cushman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Cell ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
The Relationship

Pinocytic activity in the adipose cell has been examined by measuring the uptake of colloidal gold. Pinocytic activity occurs in the isolated adipose cell under all experimental conditions; a portion of the vesicular elements of the cell can be identified by electron microscopy as pinocytic in origin. The isolated adipose cell appears to take up serum albumin by pinocytosis. Pinocytic activity in the isolated adipose cell is enhanced by epinephrine, but not by insulin. The relationship between pinocytosis and the metabolic activity of the adipose cell has been studied by measuring simultaneously the uptake of radioactive colloidal gold, the incorporation of 14C-counts from U-glucose-14C into CO2, total lipid, triglyceride glycerol and triglyceride fatty acids, and the release of nonesterified fatty acids in the absence of hormones and in the presence of insulin or epinephrine. Correlations between hormone-produced alterations in lipid metabolism and in pinocytic activity suggest that intracellular nonesterified fatty acid levels are a factor in the regulation of both the cell's pinocytic activity and its metabolism and that pinocytosis in the adipose cell functions in the extracellular-intracellular transport of nonesterified fatty acids.

Muscle Weight Relationship to Serum Proteins, Hemocytes, and Hepatopancreas in the Lobster, Homarus americanus

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2339-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart ◽  
John W. Cornick ◽  
Diane M. Foley ◽  
M. F. Li ◽  
C. M. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
The Relationship

Total serum protein values, hemocyte numbers, and muscle weights were determined for 216 intermolt lobsters immediately after their capture, and for 230 others held captive under a variety of dietary and environmental conditions. Average muscle values ranged from approximately 13% to the more normal 20–25% of the live animals' weight, depending upon experimental conditions. The total serum protein up to a level of 55 mg/ml was shown to be a reliable indicator of muscle weights, although the relationship was not identical for all lobster groups. It appeared to be modified chiefly by the areas from which the different groups were taken. Diet was more important than the temperatures (5 to 14 C) in affecting changes in muscle and serum protein values. Starvation caused a greater reduction (50 to 70%) in the size of the hepatopancreas than in the muscle. Histological examination of the hepatopancreatic tissue showed that the lipid content was markedly reduced upon starvation and that a degeneration of this organ was apparent for lobsters fed a beef liver and herring diet. Measurement of serum proteins would appear to be a useful technique in experiments on lobster nutrition and have value, within specified limits, for assessing the physiological condition of wild lobsters.

Relation of blood flow to VO2, PO2, and PCO2 in dog gastrocnemius muscle

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (5) ◽  
pp. H1004-H1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Mohrman ◽  
R. R. Regal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Muscle Oxygen ◽  
Muscle Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

We pump-perfused gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle preparations at constant pressure to study the relationship of muscle blood flow (Q) to muscle oxygen consumption (VO2), venous oxygen tension (PVO2), and venous carbon dioxide tension (PVCO2) during steady-state exercise at different rates. Tests were performed under four experimental conditions produced by altering the perfusate blood-gas status with a membrane lung. The consistency of the relationship of Q to other variables was evaluated by statistical analysis of fitted curves. Not one of the above listed variables had the same relationship with Q in all four of the experimental conditions we tested. However, we did find that a consistent relationship existed among Q, PVO2, and PVCO2 in our data. That relationship is well described by the equation (Q-23).[PVO2 - (0.5.PVCO2) - 3] = 105 (when Q is expressed in ml.100 g-1.min-1 and PVO2 and PVCO2 in mmHg). One interpretation of this result is that both PO2 and PCO2 are important variables in the control of blood flow in skeletal muscle the combined influence of which could account for nearly all of the hyperemia response to steady-state muscle exercise.

The Effect of Surface Finish on Zinc Whisker Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 2756-2759
Author(s):  
Wen Cui ◽  
Shao Jun Qi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Whisker Growth ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Steel Substrates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rough Surface Finish ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Effect Of Surface

To understand the relationship between surface finish and zinc whisker growth, this study investigated the growth of whiskers on two mild steel substrates of different surface finish by Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG SEM). Results show that, under the same experimental conditions, deposits on substrates with a mirror finish grew less whiskers and nodules than substrates with a rough surface finish.

scholarly journals Complex phosphorylation activity in neurosecretosomal membranes isolated from ox neurohypophyses

1980 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Treiman ◽  
S Worm-Petersen ◽  
N A Thorn
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Soluble Components

Homogenates of neural lobes of bovine pituitary glands were fractionated on Ficoll gradients to yield neurosecretosomes (nerve endings). The neurosecretosomes were lysed in a hypo-osmotic buffer and the membranes were separated from the soluble components by centrifugation. On incubation with [gamma-32P]ATP this membrane preparation showed an endogenous phosphorylation activity, which was studied by means of gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, and subsequent autoradiography. The major part of the [32P]Pi detected on the gel was shown to be incorporated into three protein bands, termed A, B and C, with minimal mol.wts. of 83 000, 59 000 and 47 000 respectively. The phosphorylation of these three proteins was studied under a variety of experimental conditions. The patterns obtained were partly similar. However, important individual differences were noted, particularly with respect to the effects of cyclic AMP, Mg2+ and Ca2+. On the basis of these differences, it is suggested that in this system the phosphorylation activity is heterogenous, bands A, B and C each reflecting the presence of a different site of phosphate turnover. The relationship of bands A, B and C to several of the previously described phosphoproteins in the brain is discussed.

Cricothyroid Distance and Vocal Pitch: Experimental Surgical Study to Elevate the Vocal Pitch

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutomo Kitajima ◽  
Masahiro Tanabe ◽  
Nobuhiko Isshiki
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Basis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Vocal Pitch ◽  
The Relationship

To establish an experimental basis for surgical approximation of the anterior cricothyroid distance which aims at raising the vocal pitch, the relationship between vocal pitch and the cricothyroid distance was analyzed in voices produced with excised human larynges (four male and two female larynges). Within the framework of the experimental conditions, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) The vocal pitch expressed in semitones was almost linearly related to the cricothyroid distance, with an increase of 0.15 to 0.90 semitones per millimeter of cricothyroid approximation. 2) The rise in vocal pitch reached a plateau when the force applied to shorten the cricothyroid distance reached 30 to 50 gm.

scholarly journals Activation of the heat shock response in a primary cellular model of motoneuron neurodegeneration-evidence for neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadett Kalmar ◽  
Linda Greensmith
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPharmacological up-regulation of heat shock proteins (hsps) rescues motoneurons from cell death in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the relationship between increased hsp expression and neuronal survival is not straightforward. Here we examined the effects of two pharmacological agents that induce the heat shock response via activation of HSF-1, on stressed primary motoneurons in culture. Although both arimoclomol and celastrol induced the expression of Hsp70, their effects on primary motoneurons in culture were significantly different. Whereas arimoclomol had survival-promoting effects, rescuing motoneurons from staurosporin and H2O2 induced apoptosis, celastrol not only failed to protect stressed motoneurons from apoptosis under same experimental conditions, but was neurotoxic and induced neuronal death. Immunostaining of celastrol-treated cultures for hsp70 and activated caspase-3 revealed that celastrol treatment activates both the heat shock response and the apoptotic cell death cascade. These results indicate that not all agents that activate the heat shock response will necessarily be neuroprotective.

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