Conversion vs. Tolerance

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Shaffer ◽  
Radmila Prislin
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Influence Strategy ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Group Loyalty

Past research has documented that social change has different implications for group identification when it is effected through successful minority’s advocacy for tolerance of diversity vs. conversion of opponents to supporters. Extending these findings, the current study demonstrated that minorities who successfully advocated tolerance, compared to those who successfully converted opponents, were more loyal to the group. This was evident in their working harder for the group at their own personal expense and without expecting anything in return. The effect of influence strategy on group loyalty was mediated by evaluative and cognitive components of group identification. Implications for group dynamics in which active minorities employ different influence strategies and their motivational underpinnings are discussed.

Thy Will Be Done: Exploring the Longitudinal Rewards of Religious Group Membership Enactment During Volunteering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Wakefield ◽  
Mhairi Bowe ◽  
Blerina Kellezi
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Religious Group ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Identity Approach

The volunteering literature is replete with studies revealing the health benefits of volunteering. This has led psychologists to question whether social processes may help deliver these benefits while also supporting sustained volunteering engagement. The Social Identity Approach (SIA) recognises that volunteering takes place in groups, and sheds light on these processes by providing insights into group dynamics. Specifically, recent work within the Social Cure tradition has revealed the dynamic relationship between volunteering and group identification, and how this can influence health and wellbeing. This study extends previous work by exploring whether the relationship is mediated by the extent to which volunteers feel able to enact their membership of a valued group (specifically their religious group) through their volunteering. People who volunteer with religiously-motivated voluntary groups (N = 194) completed the same online survey twice, three months apart (T1/T2). For participants high in religiosity, T1 identification with their voluntary group positively predicted their sense of being able to enact the membership of their religious group through their voluntary work at T2, which in turn was a positive predictor of T2 mental health and volunteer engagement. The implications of these findings for both the theoretical literature and for voluntary organisations are discussed.

Influence strategies and work outcomes: effects of attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-984
Author(s):  
Melody P.M. Chong ◽  
Xiji Zhu ◽  
Pingping Fu ◽  
Ling Ying Sarinna Wong
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Authoritarian Leadership ◽  
Influence Strategy ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose Previous research on influence strategies has almost exclusively indicated negative relationships between assertive influence and employee work outcomes; the purpose of this study is to argue that an assertive influence strategy can also lead to both positive and negative work outcomes, when subordinates hold different attributions towards the leaders’ motive of using assertive influence (hereafter “the cause”). Design/methodology/approach The empirical study was based on data collected from 930 employees in China. The authors developed hypotheses to test the mediating effects of three types of perception in the relationship between an assertive influence strategy and five outcomes, and additional analyses on persuasive and relational influence strategies are also conducted. Findings Results show that when subordinates attribute the cause to their ability (internal attribution), an assertive influence has indirect positive effect on felt obligation, organizational commitment, job performance and organizational citizenship behavior; when subordinates attribute the cause to the poor relationship with their superiors (relational attribution), an assertive influence has indirect negative impact on most outcomes except for job performance; when subordinates perceive that the cause is to the superiors, such as authoritarian leadership (external attribution), an assertive influence has indirect positive effect on job performance. Practical implications The study highlights the importance of subordinates’ perceptions during the leadership influence processes. Originality/value This study was the first to examine the mediation relationship between three types of influence strategies and five organizational outcomes based on a large sample of front-line staff in China. The findings of the study also enrich the literature of leadership and attribution theories.

The Use of Power and Influence in a Gendered World

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda M. Sagrestano
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Influence Strategy ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Power Strategies ◽  
Gender Power ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Power And Influence

A review is presented of empirical research on the effects of gender and power on the use of influence strategies in interpersonal relationships. Several variables are considered, including gender, power, status, relationship of agent to target, and the goal of the influence attempt. Although gender appears to account for some of the findings, power and status are more critical variables in choice of power strategies. Because gender is inextricably linked to power and status, the relationship of gender to influence strategy usage can only be understood in terms of its relationship to power and status.

Results of Immersion Service Learning Activism With Peers

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1215-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Koch ◽  
Julie B. Ross ◽  
Joel Wendell ◽  
Maria Aleksandrova-Howell
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
Multicultural Counseling Competence ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Reflective Process

Despite the emphasis on multicultural counseling competence and social justice in counseling psychology, the mechanisms behind building skills related to effective work remain elusive. This qualitative study explored the experiences of student-participants during a service learning course based on social justice principles in Belize. The researchers sought to inform how a non-traditional teaching methodology—immersion service learning activism—might affect these students’ development. The researchers used Consensual Qualitative Research to analyze interviews and journals through a collaborative and reflective process. Eleven domains emerged from the analysis. Results confirmed past research related to immersion and service learning, including personal and professional development and changes in diversity attitudes. There were also unanticipated themes related to complex interpersonal and group dynamics. These findings demonstrate the influence of immersion, service learning, and group process in intra- as well as interpersonal development and skill building related to cultural competency and social justice activism.

scholarly journals Organizational social entrepreneurship: scale development and validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merie Kannampuzha ◽  
Kai Hockerts
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
Inclusive Governance ◽  
Three Components

PurposeSocial entrepreneurship has become a growing field of research interest. Yet, past research has been held back by the lack of a rigorous measurement instrument. Rather than defining social entrepreneurship as an organizational form that a venture does or does not have, this paper agrees with Dees and Anderson (2006) that the construct is better thought of as a set of practices, processes and behaviors that organizations can engage in to a higher or a lesser degree. In other words, the construct is a set of behaviors that any organization can engage in. The purpose of the paper is to develop scale items to measure the construct of organizational social entrepreneurship (OSE).Design/methodology/approachDrawing on previous literature, this paper first develops and then validates scales for measuring OSE as a third-order formative construct. As its second order, the scale includes three components that capture the heterogeneity of the OSE concept: social change intention, commercial activity and inclusive governance.FindingsThe OSE scale is developed and tested through a sample of 182 nascent social enterprises from 55 different countries in the world and then revalidated using a second sample of 263 mature social enterprises from 6 European countries. Results suggest that the scale items exhibit internal consistency, reliability, construct validity and nomological validity.Research limitations/implicationsThe scale presented here offers an important new venue for social entrepreneurship theorizing. First, it allows scholars to take a broad approach toward a diverse field and to study OSE behavior in any empirical field in which it may occur. Second, the scales also allow for more focused theorizing. Scholars are encouraged to delve into the antecedents of all three components presented here and to study the different performance effects they have in terms of likelihood to survive, growth rate or potential to achieve financial sustainability.Originality/valueThe paper develops a multidimensional construct for OSE. In particular, the authors propose scale items for three central components of social entrepreneurship, namely, social change intentions, commercial activities and inclusive governance. The scales thus measure the three formative dimensions identified by Dees and Anderson (2006) and Defourny and Nyssens (2010).

Influence Strategies in Buying Centers

1995 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Venkatesh ◽  
Ajay K. Kohli ◽  
Gerald Zaltman
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Influence Strategy ◽  
Target Characteristics

Research on influence strategies has typically been conducted in interorganizational settings. In a departure from this tradition, the authors focus on influence strategies used by managers in buying centers. They develop a three-dimensional framework for classifying six prominent influence strategies—threats, promises, recommendations, requests, legalistic pleas, and information exchange. Drawing on this framework, the authors argue that the use of a particular influence strategy by a manager is likely to be related to two classes of antecedents: source and target characteristics. Additionally, they draw on the framework to argue that the effectiveness of alternative influence strategies is likely to vary in predictable ways. The authors investigate the pervasiveness of each of the six influence strategies in a study of 187 purchasing decisions and compare the findings to those previously obtained in interorganizational settings. Findings pertaining to the study's hypotheses provide insights into the relative effectiveness of the six influence strategies and the conditions under which certain influence strategies are more likely to be used.

Party Switching, Authoritarianism, and Dogmatism in the 1964 Election

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Zippel ◽  
Ralph D. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Group Identification ◽  
Primary Group ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Party Switching

Postulating that primary group identification is stronger than ideology, it was predicted that there would be no differences on the California F Scale or the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale between supporters of Goldwater and Johnson or a great amount of party switching and that those who switched would have higher mean scores on both scales than those who did not switch on the grounds that ideology must be intense to overcome primary group loyalty. All hypotheses were confirmed.

Decomposing Influence Strategies: Argument Structure and Dependence as Determinants of the Effectiveness of Influence Strategies in Gaining Channel Member Compliance

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Payan ◽  
Richard G. McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Channel Member ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Influence Strategy ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Relational Outcomes

Although there is considerable research examining the effects of influence strategies on relational outcomes, research has been silent on the effectiveness of influence strategies in achieving the primary objective: channel member compliance. The authors develop a theoretical model that predicts that noncoercive influence strategies (Rationality, Recommendations, Information Exchange, and Requests) with an argument structure that contains more thorough content result in relatively greater levels of compliance. The model further predicts that coercive influence strategies (Promises and Threats) result in compliance only when target dependence levels are high. The authors develop a new influence strategy, Rationality, which represents a noncoercive strategy with a full argument structure. In general, empirical findings support the theoretical model. However, in contrast to expectations, the use of Recommendations had a negative effect on compliance. Post hoc analysis revealed a significant interaction between trust and Recommendations on compliance, thus providing an explanation for this unexpected result. When trust is low, Recommendation strategies are counterproductive. The authors discuss implications of the findings and directions for further research.

scholarly journals What Happens when the Students Work in Groups? Group Dynamics in English Language Classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Suryani ◽  
Soedarso Soedarso
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
English Language ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Skills Group ◽  
Efl Students

EFL education shifts from teaching language core competences into promoting communicative competence and developing multiliteracies pedagogy. Through this learning mode, EFL learners can develop language, interpersonal communication, inter-cultural understanding as well as life learning skills. Group work learning assisted by technology use in EFL classroom is one of many approaches to equip EFL learners with such skills. During the process of learning in groups, EFL students experience and potentially learn social skills through their group dynamics. This study aims to explore group dynamic aspects in EFL learning: what the students experience and learn. The study adopts qualitative research methods. The data are collected through students’ narrative texts revealing their experiences in working in groups to create video. The study finds that in accomplishing group tasks, the students are learning some aspects. The first is the identification process, in which they are aligning themselves to the shared identity, emotion, goals, character of groups (self to group identification) as well as group to self identification. The second aspect is the students are learning cooperatively and collaboratively in team development process. The third aspect is learning leadership and organizational management, in which they are learning structure, norms, rules and social system in group.

Social Structure and Personality During the Process of Radical Social Change: A Study of Ukraine in Transition

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Paniotto ◽  
Melvin Kohn ◽  
Valeriy Khmelko ◽  
HO-Fung Hung
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The Times ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationships of social structure and personality during a period of radical social change attendant on the early stages of the transformation of Ukraine from socialism to nascent capitalism. It does so by analyzing data secured from face-to-face interviews with a representative sample of urban Ukrainian men and women in 1992-93, together with a follow-up survey three to three and a half years later of all those respondents who at the time of the initial survey either were employed or were seeking paid employment.We found that the over-time correlations – the stabilities – of two underlying dimensions of personality – self-directedness of orientation and a sense of well-being or distress – were startlingly low, by comparison not only to the United States at a time of much greater social stability, but also to Poland at the same time as the Ukrainian study, albeit at a later stage of transition. The stability of a third fundamental dimension of personality – intellectual flexibility – was higher than those of self-directedness of orientation and distress, but considerably lower than past research had led us to expect. Still, despite massive changes in social and economic conditions and great instability of personality, the relationships of social structure with personality were remarkably consistent over time and, with the partial exception of those with the sense of wellbeing or distress, were quite similar to those of both socialist and advanced capitalist societies during times of apparent social stability. Our analyses suggest that consistency in the relationships between social structure and personality despite great change both in social structure and in personality results from the continued stability of proximate conditions of life that link position in the larger social structure to individual personality, and the continued strength of those linkages. Notable among these proximate conditions, for those people who were employed at the times of both the baseline and follow-up surveys, is the substantive complexity of their work.

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