scholarly journals Motivation gains on divisible conjunctive group tasks

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1125-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Larson ◽  
Joseph G. Bihary ◽  
Amanda C. Egan
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Critical Part ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Team Task ◽  
Individual Task ◽  
Motivation Gain ◽  
Working Alone

Two studies examined the effort that participants expended on a challenging physical persistence activity when that activity was a critical part of a divisible conjunctive task performed by two people working as a team compared to when it was structured as an individual task performed by one person working alone. It was found that participants put greater effort into that activity when they worked as part of a team task compared to when they worked alone—a motivation gain when working in groups. This gain occurred despite the absence of any apparent task-related ability differences among participants, and is most parsimoniously explained by the greater indispensability associated with working on a critical element of a divisible conjunctive group task. The implications of these results for the occurrence of motivation gains on other types of tasks and in real-world work settings are discussed.

Quality Control, Quality Assurance, and Business Continuity Plan in PACS

2010 ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Carrison K.S. Tong ◽  
Eric T.T. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Real World ◽  
Business Continuity ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Critical Part ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Avoidable Risk ◽  
Pacs System

As PACS gains widespread use, the importance of Quality Control (QC), Quality Assurance (QA), and Business Continuity Plan (BCP) in PACS is rising. The purpose of QC/QA is to measure the quality and performance of a PACS for minimizing the chance of getting any avoidable risk. However, in the real world, there is still some risk in any complicated system. Therefore, BCP is used to reduce the impact and downtime of hospital PACS system operation due to changes or failures in the company operation procedure. The purpose of BCP is to make sure that the critical part of PACS system operation is not affected by critical failure or disaster.

scholarly journals Reframing Public Spaces: from Recreational Amenity to Civic Good in Resilient Cities. COVID-19 Offers an Opportunity to Re-evaluate Neighbourhood Spaces to Ensure they are Available to All

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Kevin Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Central Business Districts

Cities emerging from the pandemic increasingly recognize that public spaces are a critical element of resilience, not merely recreational amenities. Future public spaces must be designed to accommodate more diverse and distanced activities, and may even change function entirely during public health emergencies. The need for informal public spaces has also become apparent, and cities can benefit from identifying them as resources and integrating them into land-use plans. Parks, sidewalks and cycling paths can be justified as investments in resilience and survivability and quickly expanded. Their provision must be viewed through the lens of social and spatial equity: in many cities, not every person or community has convenient access to these critical public goods. Planners must go beyond metrics on the mere availability or density of public spaces, and delve deeper to assess the quality of spaces, and the ability of different demographic groups to reach them. Historic neighbourhoods that developed organically offer useful inspiration when designing for equitable access and daily convenience, and can also accommodate the dispersal of jobs away from central business districts. Efforts to develop decentralised, “complete” neighbourhoods can be a boon for adaptive reuse, public space provision, and greater variety of work settings, while public areas of civic buildings can be re-imagined as nodes of collaboration in a knowledge-based economy. Beyond building infrastructure, maintaining lively and welcoming public spaces requires empathy, respect for the commons, and care for fellow human beings. Physical spaces in a city can only be fully and genuinely “public” if they are safe, and open to everyone, regardless of age, language, identity, sexual orientation or ability. As cities undertake revitalization efforts following the pandemic, they must strive to ensure such places are available to all.

scholarly journals Multitask adversarial attack with dispersion amplification

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlo Haleta ◽  
Dmytro Likhomanov ◽  
Oleksandra Sokol
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Real World ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Individual Task ◽  
Fast Gradient ◽  
Adversarial Attack ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Adversarial Example

AbstractRecently, adversarial attacks have drawn the community’s attention as an effective tool to degrade the accuracy of neural networks. However, their actual usage in the world is limited. The main reason is that real-world machine learning systems, such as content filters or face detectors, often consist of multiple neural networks, each performing an individual task. To attack such a system, adversarial example has to pass through many distinct networks at once, which is the major challenge addressed by this paper. In this paper, we investigate multitask adversarial attacks as a threat for real-world machine learning solutions. We provide a novel black-box adversarial attack, which significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods, such as Fast Gradient Sign Attack (FGSM) and Basic Iterative Method (BIM, also known as Iterative-FGSM) in the multitask setting.

Replications can cause distorted belief in scientific progress

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Białek
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychological Science

AbstractIf we want psychological science to have a meaningful real-world impact, it has to be trusted by the public. Scientific progress is noisy; accordingly, replications sometimes fail even for true findings. We need to communicate the acceptability of uncertainty to the public and our peers, to prevent psychology from being perceived as having nothing to say about reality.

Current Issues: Evidence-Based Practice for the Real World: Thoughts on Clinical Education in Communication Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne K. Bothe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Education ◽  
Real World ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Real ◽  
Language Pathology

This article presents some streamlined and intentionally oversimplified ideas about educating future communication disorders professionals to use some of the most basic principles of evidence-based practice. Working from a popular five-step approach, modifications are suggested that may make the ideas more accessible, and therefore more useful, for university faculty, other supervisors, and future professionals in speech-language pathology, audiology, and related fields.

Qualitative Case Study Research Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Tetnowski
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Real World ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Study Research

Qualitative case study research can be a valuable tool for answering complex, real-world questions. This method is often misunderstood or neglected due to a lack of understanding by researchers and reviewers. This tutorial defines the characteristics of qualitative case study research and its application to a broader understanding of stuttering that cannot be defined through other methodologies. This article will describe ways that data can be collected and analyzed.

Developing, Evaluating, and Managing Competencies Across Work Settings

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Tom C. Ehren ◽  
Nancy G. Lefkowitz ◽  
Carole R. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Work Settings

Social Communication Intervention for an Adult with Asperger Syndrome: Experiences, Perspectives, and Challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Siva priya Santhanam
Keyword(s):  
Asperger Syndrome ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Social Abilities ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Social Communication Intervention ◽  
Highly Able ◽  
Organizational Needs

Adults on the autism spectrum, despite having received intervention throughout their childhood and adolescence, continue to experience challenges with everyday social interactions, forming and maintaining relationships, and social abilities needed in work settings. This article presents a case example of a 22-year-old adult with Asperger syndrome, and highlights the issues in providing intervention for highly able young adults on the autism spectrum. A unique feature of this report is the inclusion of the client's own insights into his experiences, perspectives, and challenges with the intervention. The approaches used to address his social communication and organizational needs are outlined, and clinical implications discussed.

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