scholarly journals Power distance orientation as an antecedent of individuals’ intentions to engage in radical political action

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1283-1308
Author(s):  
Giovanni A. Travaglino ◽  
Chanki Moon
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Lower Power ◽  
Power Distance Orientation ◽  
Violent Political Action

The cultural dimension of power distance refers to individuals’ acceptance of power inequalities in society. Countries characterized by high power distance at the collective level face more domestic extremism. However, research has yet to examine how individual differences in power distance orientation may affect individuals’ intentions to engage in radical and violent political action. In this research, we test the hypothesis that stronger endorsement of power distance values makes people more prone to express their intentions to engage in radical and violent political action. To test the hypothesis’ generalizability across contexts, we sample from 2 countries characterized by different levels of power distance at the collective level, South Korea (higher power distance) and the United States (lower power distance). Studies 1a and 1b were surveys ( N = 1,214) demonstrating an association between power distance orientation and radical political action over and beyond other known predictors of political participation, including political efficacy, perceived justice, emotions of anger and contempt, political orientation, and social dominance orientation. In Studies 2a–2c ( N = 430; 2c preregistered), priming a higher (vs. lower) power distance orientation heightened individuals’ propensity to express the intentions to engage in radical political action. Theoretical implications of the findings, and future research directions, are discussed.

Measuring Moderating Effect of Power Distance Between Facets of Job Satisfaction and Overall Decision of Job Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
pp. 218-248
Author(s):  
Saqib Malik ◽  
Cao Yukun
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Job Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Total Satisfaction ◽  
Cultural Variable ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

The aim of this chapter is to measure employees' total job satisfaction, using Spector's job satisfaction survey and its nine facets in Pakistani public and private sector organizations and whether cultural variable power distance moderate relationship between job satisfaction facets and total job satisfaction. On the basis of research findings, it is recommended that Spector's nine job satisfaction facets also be used as factors in determining the overall job satisfaction, in addition to Spector's own 36 items total satisfaction, in future studies. The attempt to seek whether cultural dimension “power distance” moderates each of the nine job satisfaction facets and the employees' overall job satisfaction did not succeed; the results indicate that the interaction terms in all nine job satisfaction facets cases have turned out statistically insignificant (p > 0.10), suggesting that power distance does not moderate between job satisfaction facets and overall job satisfaction. It is also recommended that cultural dimension power distance be retried as a moderator in future research to check validity of the present findings.

scholarly journals Toward Knowledge-Based Economy: Innovation and Transformational Leadership in Public Universities in Texas and Qatar

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem S. Al-Mansoori ◽  
Muammer Koç
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Transformational Leadership Style ◽  
The Impact

The essentiality of the universities’ roles in enhancing economies and transforming societies is a global mantra. However, when it comes to wealthy and oil-dependent states such as Texas in the United States and Qatar in the Middle East, the impact of universities on sustainable economic development is questionable. This article discusses the transformational efforts within engineering colleges at two public universities in Texas and in Qatar to support their states’ visions in moving toward innovative and knowledge-based economies. The study examined the innovation capacity building of both institutions through measuring the transformational leadership styles in engineering colleges and its impact on the faculty’s innovative production of technical articles, patents, and sustainable development-related courses. The cultural impact of the two contexts on the leader–follower relationship was addressed in the discussion using Hofstede’s cultural dimension framework. The results showed that leaders in both colleges possess a transformational leadership style, albeit lower than the norm. This study disclosed that, in the high-power distance contexts, the idealized image of the leader contributed positively toward higher satisfaction of the followers with their leaders and current governance systems, while acknowledgment and rewards were the sources of satisfaction in low-power distance societies. Followers in a low uncertainty avoidance, individualistic, and short-term-oriented context achieved higher technical production. Both public universities expressed the need for government involvement in supporting the culture of innovation.

scholarly journals Sentimental politics or structural injustice? The ambivalence of emotions for political responsibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Head
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Political Action ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Slave Narrative ◽  
Political Responsibility ◽  
Structural Injustice ◽  
Institutional Boundaries ◽  
Affective Dimensions

AbstractStories and representations of suffering are frequently central to attempts to arouse our emotions and initiate political action. Yet, the evocation of emotion and, in particular, empathy, remains politically ambivalent. It does not necessarily lead to the acknowledgement of political responsibility or to actions to address the historically-constituted roots of contemporary structural injustices. Moving beyond the legal, moral, and institutional boundaries of political responsibility, this article argues for greater recognition of its affective dimensions. In particular, it differentiates between a sentimental politics and testimonial empathy to better understand the affective dynamics of political responsibility. While the former finds close company with pity and a lack of acknowledged political responsibility, the latter offers an ethical–political orientation towards radical reflexivity and social transformation, situating experiences of injustice within wider networks of power, privilege, and agency. Drawing on the work of feminist, cultural, and social theorists, the article offers a critical conceptualisation of testimonial empathy and its limits. The article illustrates the insights offered by re-thinking political responsibility in terms of testimonial empathy through a close reading of a historical account of structural injustice – slavery in the United States – as written in Harriet A. Jacobs’ 1861 slave narrative.

Unspoken yet Understood: An Introduction and Initial Framework of Subordinates’ Moqi With Supervisors

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingshan Zheng ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
T. Brad Harris ◽  
Hui Liao
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Feedback Seeking ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Power Distance Orientation ◽  
Work Effectiveness ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Goal Clarity ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Across two studies and five samples, we introduce the Chinese construct of moqi (a tacit understanding of another person’s expectations and intentions) as a key, but heretofore overlooked, aspect of supervisor–subordinate relationships. In Study 1, using qualitative and quantitative methods, we develop a subordinate-focused moqi scale and establish its discriminant and criterion-related validity. In Study 2, using three-wave data from three sources (subordinates, coworkers, and supervisors), we test an integrative, information-based model explicating (1) subordinates’ actions that are useful in acquiring the necessary information to develop moqi with their supervisor; (2) boundary conditions affecting subordinates’ sensitivity to information and, hence, their development of moqi with the supervisor; and (3) the informational process underlying subordinate moqi’s positive relationship with work effectiveness. Findings suggest that subordinates’ implicit and explicit feedback seeking positively predicted their subsequent perceptions of moqi with a supervisor and, moreover, that the relationship between implicit feedback seeking and subordinate moqi is enhanced by higher subordinate power distance orientation and face consciousness. Results also indicate that subordinate moqi influences task performance and reward recommendations for subordinates via the mediation of increased goal clarity, and the indirect effects is more pronounced for subordinates with higher power distance orientation. We offer an important discussion of moqi’s cultural nuances and make several suggestions for a robust future research agenda.

scholarly journals Identification with all humanity, support for refugees and for extreme counter-terrorism measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 310-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan F. Bassett ◽  
Amanda J. Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
War On Terrorism ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Counter Terrorism

Two studies examined the ability of Identification with all Humanity to predict attitudes in the United States regarding support for refugees and tolerance for civilian casualties in the war on terrorism. We expected identification with humanity to predict more support for refugees and less tolerance of civilian casualties in the war on terrorism. Moreover, we expected these effects to hold even when taking into account more frequently studied predictors of intergroup attitudes. In Study 1, 202 people (143 women, Age M = 26.62) completed an online survey, assessing Identification with all Humanity, social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, political orientation, and religiosity. In Study 2, the same measures were administered in person to a sample of 126 university students (91 women, Age M = 18.92). Identification with all Humanity was associated with more support for refugees in both studies and less support for extreme counter-terrorism measures in Study 1, even when controlling for other variables.

Who Is Wary of User Design? The Role of Power-Distance Beliefs in Preference for User-Designed Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeru Paharia ◽  
Vanitha Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Brand Preference ◽  
User Design ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
High Power Distance

This article evaluates when a user-design approach is and is not effective in strengthening brand preference. It specifically delves into the role of power-distance beliefs in influencing preferences for user-designed products and brands. The authors demonstrate that low-power-distance consumers prefer user-designed products to company-designed products, whereas this effect is attenuated or reversed for high-power-distance consumers. The authors find process evidence that both feelings of empowerment and values of expertise differentially mediate brand preferences depending on power-distance beliefs, thus extending prior research findings. Field experiments conducted in the United States and cross-culturally (Austria and Guatemala) with Facebook’s advertising platform provide convergent evidence using country and political orientation as managerially accessible proxies. This research sheds light on when and why firms should be wary of user-design approaches, based on how power-distance beliefs drive consumers’ preferences.

scholarly journals Personality's influence on political orientation extends to concrete stances of political controversy in Germany – Cross-nationally and consistently

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 686-707
Author(s):  
Thomas Grünhage ◽  
Martin Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Political Identity ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Political Controversy

Growing evidence suggests that the general personality structure predisposes the political or ideological orientation. Here, we first replicated findings of associations between Big Five factors openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness, and self-reported political orientation in a large German sample. However, the new aspect of our study is the addition of Wahl-O-Mat (WoM; a prominent voting advice application) as a measure of concrete policy-positions. Here, a score of accordance between a participant’s and the several German parties’ stances on current and relevant policy-issues is computed. Given that political science identifies trends towards a dealignment of voters with political parties and a decreasing significance of socio-structural factors, an issue-based approach to vote choice may become critical in the future. Therefore, we investigated whether personality’s influence on political orientation also extends to stances about specific issues and, thus, is not restricted to self-placements. As expected, WoM-scores also showed meaningful correlations with personality traits: accordance with right-of-center-parties is negatively related to openness and agreeableness and positively related to conscientiousness. Finally, we recruited smaller samples in the United States, Denmark, Sweden, Turkey, Spain, Australia, and Bulgaria and showed that the associations mentioned above are cross-nationally replicable. We conclude that personality influences not only self-perceived political identity but also attitudes towards current issues of political controversy. In both cases, the effects of personality were mediated by Right-Wing-Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation.

scholarly journals Perceptions of a Glass Ceiling: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Mexican and American Employees

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley J. Bennington ◽  
George R. Wagman ◽  
Michelle N. Stallone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Workplace Discrimination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
American Employees

This study asks employees in the United States and Mexico if they believe there is workplace discrimination based on gender, age, or ethnicity. As members of international organizations, the United States and Mexico have agreed to strive for the elimination of employment discrimination. Hypotheses based on Hofstedes Power Distance Index (PDI) predicted cultural differences in the two countries would result in a higher perception of workplace discrimination from employees in the United States than those in Mexico. The results support the hypotheses; directions are offered for future research.

scholarly journals The Differential Psychology of Environmental Protection/Exploitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taciano L Milfont
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Self Transcendence

Differential psychology focuses on how people vary in the way they think, feel and act by measuring differences that distinguish individuals as more similar to themselves over time and across situations than others. In this article I review and discuss available evidence on key individual differences associated with protection and exploitation of the natural environment. The discussion centers on personality traits, basic human values, time perspective and system-justifying ideological orientations. Greater environmental protection has been shown to be consistently related to higher levels of Openness to Experience and Agreeableness traits (and somewhat Honesty-Humility), Self-Transcendence and Openness to Change values, and future thinking. In contrast, greater environmental exploitation is consistently related to higher levels of conservative political orientation, Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). Research examining individual differences provides useful theoretical information that can have applied benefits in designing communication strategies to bring individuals less prone to protect the natural environment on board. Issues with jangle fallacy (measures with different names might not necessarily assess different things) and direction for future research are also discussed.

Enhancing the Effects of Power Sharing on Psychological Empowerment: The Roles of Management Control and Power Distance Orientation

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao C. Chen ◽  
Ann Yan Zhang ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Power Distance Orientation ◽  
Telecommunication Companies ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Positive Effect

In this article we test a model of bounded empowerment: the boundary conditions under which power sharing affects employees' psychological empowerment. Using data from two telecommunication companies, we investigate how management control and power distance orientation moderate the effects of supervisors' power sharing on employees' psychological empowerment. Results show that power sharing improves job performance partly through psychological empowerment. Furthermore, management control enhances rather than impedes the positive effect of power sharing on psychological empowerment. Power distance orientation further enhances management control's positive moderating effect on employee psychological empowerment. Limitations and implications for future research are also discussed.

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