Finite element modelling and design of composite bridges with profiled steel sheeting

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1406-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab Ellobody
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Composite Bridges ◽  
European Code ◽  
Composite Bridge

This article discusses the non-linear analysis and design of highway composite bridges with profiled steel sheeting. A three-dimensional finite element model has been developed for the composite bridges, which accounted for the bridge geometries, material non-linearities of the bridge components, bridge boundary conditions, shear connection, interactions among bridge components and bridge bracing systems. The simply supported composite bridge has a span of 48 m, a width of 13 m and a depth of 2.3 m. The bridge components were designed following the European code for steel–concrete composite bridges. The live load acting on the bridge was load model 1, which represents the static and dynamic effects of vertical loading due to normal road traffic as specified in the European code. The finite element model of the composite bridge was developed depending on additional finite element models, developed by the author, and validated against tests reported in the literature on full-scale composite bridges and composite bridge components. The tests had different geometries, different boundary conditions, different loading conditions and different failure modes. Failure loads, load–mid-span deflection relationships, load–end slip relationships, failure modes, stress contours of the composite bridge as well as of the modelled tests were predicted from the finite element analysis and compared well against test results. The comparison with test results has shown that the finite element models can be effectively used to provide more accurate analyses and better understanding for the behaviour and design of composite bridges with profiled steel sheeting. A parametric study was conducted on the composite bridge highlighting the effects of the change in structural steel strength and concrete strength on the behaviour and design of the composite bridge. This study has shown that the design rules specified in the European code are accurate and conservative for the design of highway steel–concrete composite bridges.

scholarly journals A Double-Acting Piezoelectric Actuator for Helicopter Active Rotor

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Jinlong Zhou ◽  
Linghua Dong ◽  
Weidong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuator ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Trailing Edge Flaps ◽  
Piezoelectric Stacks

An active rotor with trailing-edge flaps is an effective approach to alleviate vibrations and noise in helicopters. In this study, a compact piezoelectric actuator is proposed to drive trailing-edge flaps. The two groups of piezoelectric stacks accommodated in the actuator operate in opposition, and double-acting output can be realized through the differential motion of these stacks. A theoretical model and a finite element model are established to predict the output capability of this actuator, and structural optimization is performed using the finite element model. A prototype is built and tested on a benchtop to assess its performance. Test results demonstrate that the actuator stiffness reaches 801 N/mm, and its output stroke is up to ± 0.27 mm when subjected to actuation voltage of 120 V. Agreement between measurements and simulations validates the accuracy of the established models. In addition, actuator outputs in failure modes are measured by canceling the supply voltage of one group of piezoelectric stacks. In this condition, the actuator can still generate acceptable outputs, and the initial position of the output end remains unchanged. Simulations and test results reveal that the proposed actuator achieves promising performance, and it is capable to be applied to a helicopter active rotor.

Aluminium alloy channels subjected to web crippling

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1617-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Ben Young
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Web Crippling ◽  
Web Buckling ◽  
The Finite Element Model ◽  
The Web

This article reports experimental and numerical investigations of aluminium alloy plain and lipped channels subjected to web crippling. A total of 240 data are presented that include 24 test results and 216 numerical results. A series of tests was conducted first on channels fabricated by extrusion using 6063-T5 and 6061-T6 heat-treated aluminium alloys under end-two-flange and interior-two-flange loading conditions. The concentrate transverse loads were applied by means of bearing plates. The flanges of the specimens were not fastened (unrestrained) to the bearing plates. A non-linear finite element model is then developed and verified against experimental results. Geometric and material non-linearities were included in the finite element model. It was shown that the finite element model closely predicted the web crippling strengths and failure modes of the tested specimens. Hence, the model was used for an extensive parametric study of cross-section geometries, and the web slenderness value ranged from 24.0 to 207.3. The test results and the web crippling strengths predicted from the finite element analysis were compared with the design strengths obtained using the American, Australian/New Zealand and European specifications for aluminium structures. An empirical unified web crippling equation with new coefficients for aluminium alloy channels under end-two-flange and interior-two-flange loading conditions is proposed. Since two failure modes of web buckling and web yielding were observed in the tests, the web crippling strength is also predicted using the proposed theoretical design rules for channels. The web crippling strength is the lesser of the web buckling strength and web yield strength.

Research on seismic behavior of special-shaped CFST column to H-section steel beam joint

2021 ◽  
pp. 136943322110073
Author(s):  
Yu Cheng ◽  
Yuanlong Yang ◽  
Binyang Li ◽  
Jiepeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Static Test

To investigate the seismic behavior of joint between special-shaped concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) column and H-section steel beam, a pseudo-static test was carried out on five specimens with scale ratio of 1:2. The investigated factors include stiffening types of steel tube (multi-cell and tensile bar) and connection types (exterior diaphragm and vertical rib). The failure modes, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, stress distribution, and joint shear deformation of specimens were analyzed to investigate the seismic behaviors of joints. The test results showed the connections of exterior diaphragm and vertical rib have good seismic behavior and can be identified as rigid joint in the frames with bracing system according to Eurocode 3. The joint of special-shaped column with tensile bars have better seismic performance by using through vertical rib connection. Furthermore, a finite element model was established and a parametric analysis with the finite element model was conducted to investigate the influences of following parameters on the joint stiffness: width-to-thickness ratio of column steel tube, beam-to-column linear stiffness ratio, vertical rib dimensions, and axial load ratio of column. Lastly, preliminary design suggestions were proposed.

Behavior of Structures Using Simple Plastic Hinge Theory

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramakrishnan Maruthayappan ◽  
Hamid M. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Computational Program ◽  
Hinge Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The behavior of structures under the impact or crash situations demands an efficient modeling of the system for its behavior to be predicted close to practical situations. The various formulations that are possible to model such systems are spring mass models, finite element models and plastic hinge models. Of these three techniques, the plastic hinge theory offers a more accurate model compared to the spring mass formulation and is much simpler than the finite element models. Therefore, it is desired to model the structure using plastic hinges and to use a computational program to predict the behavior of structures. In this paper, the behavior of some simple structures, ranging from an elementary cantilever beam to a torque box are predicted. It is also shown that the plastic hinge theory is a reliable method by comparing the results obtained from a plastic hinge model of an aviation seat structure with that obtained from a finite element model.

scholarly journals Biaxial estimation of biomechanical constitutive parameters of passive porcine sclera soft tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zwelihle Ndlovu ◽  
Dawood Desai ◽  
Thanyani Pandelani ◽  
Harry Ngwangwa ◽  
Fulufhelo Nemavhola
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Anisotropic Model ◽  
Material Models ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Constitutive Parameters

This study assesses the modelling capabilities of four constitutive hyperplastic material models to fit the experimental data of the porcine sclera soft tissue. It further estimates the material parameters and discusses their applicability to a finite element model by examining the statistical dispersion measured through the standard deviation. Fifteen sclera tissues were harvested from porcine’ slaughtered at an abattoir and were subjected to equi-biaxial testing. The results show that all the four material models yielded very good correlations at correlations above 96 %. The polynomial (anisotropic) model gave the best correlation of 98 %. However, the estimated material parameters varied widely from one test to another such that there would be needed to normalise the test data to avoid long optimisation processes after applying the average material parameters to finite element models. However, for application of the estimated material parameters to finite element models, there would be needed to consider normalising the test data to reduce the search region for the optimisation algorithms. Although the polynomial (anisotropic) model yielded the best correlation, it was found that the Choi-Vito had the least variation in the estimated material parameters thereby making it an easier option for application of its material parameters to a finite element model and also requiring minimum effort in the optimisation procedure. For the porcine sclera tissue, it was found that the anisotropy more influenced by the fiber-related properties than the background material matrix related properties.

scholarly journals Reconstruction finite element model of cars

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Lý Hùng Anh ◽  
Nguyễn Phụ Thượng Lưu ◽  
Nguyễn Thiên Phú ◽  
Trần Đình Nhật
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Crash Analysis ◽  
Inertia Moment ◽  
Frontal Crash ◽  
Analysis Center ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
And Behavior

The experimental method used in a frontal crash of cars costs much time and expense. Therefore, numerical simulation in crashworthiness is widely applied in the world. The completed car models contain a lot of parts which provided complicated structure, especially the rear of car models do not contribute to behavior of frontal crash which usually evaluates injuries of pedestrian or motorcyclist. In order to save time and resources, a simplification of the car models for research simulations is essential with the goal of reducing approximately 50% of car model elements and nodes. This study aims to construct the finite element models of front structures of vehicle based on the original finite element models. Those new car models must be maintained important values such as mass and center of gravity position. By using condition boundaries, inertia moment is kept unchanged on new model. The original car models, which are provided by the National Crash Analysis Center (NCAC), validated by using results from experimental crash tests. The modified (simplistic) vehicle FE models are validated by comparing simulation results with experimental data and simulation results of the original vehicle finite element models. LS-Dyna software provides convenient tools and very strong to modify finite element model. There are six car models reconstructed in this research, including 1 Pick-up, 2 SUV and 3 Sedan. Because car models were not the main object to evaluate in a crash, energy and behavior of frontal part have the most important role. As a result, six simplified car models gave reasonable outcomes and reduced significantly the number of nodes and elements. Therefore, the simulation time is also reduced a lot. Simplified car models can be applied to the upcoming frontal simulations.

Application of a FRF Based Model Updating Technique for the Validation of Finite Element Models of Components of the Automotive Industry

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Lammens ◽  
Marc Brughmans ◽  
Jan Leuridan ◽  
Ward Heylen ◽  
Paul Sas
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Stiffness Matrix ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Analytical Dynamic

Abstract This paper presents two applications of the RADSER model updating technique (Lammens et al. (1995) and Larsson (1992)). The RADSER technique updates finite element model parameters by solution of a linearised set of equations that optimise the Reduced Analytical Dynamic Stiffness matrix based on Experimental Receptances. The first application deals with the identification of the dynamic characteristics of rubber mounts. The second application validates a coarse finite element model of a subframe of a Volvo 480.

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