Trends in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and visits to healthcare specialists: A national study among Icelandic adolescents

There is a small body of research that has connected individual differences in negative urgency, the tendency to report rash actions in response to negative emotions, with self-report depressive and anxiety symptoms. Despite the conceptual overlap of negative urgency with negative emotionality, the tendency to experience frequent and intense negative emotions, even fewer studies have examined whether the association of negative urgency with internalizing symptoms hold when controlling for negative emotionality. In the current study, we estimated the bivariate association between negative urgency and internalizing symptoms, tested whether they remained significant after partialling out negative emotionality, and tested whether these effects generalized to real-time experiences of negative emotions. We used data from five independent samples of high school and college students, assessed with global self-report ( n = 1,297) and ecological momentary assessment ( n = 195). Results indicated that in global self-report data, negative urgency was moderately and positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, and the partial association with depressive symptoms (but not anxiety symptoms) controlling for negative emotionality remained significant and moderate in magnitude. This pattern was replicated in ecological momentary assessment data. Negative urgency may convey risk for depressive symptoms, independent of the effects of negative emotionality.

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Depressive and Anxious Comorbidity and Treatment Response in Family Caregivers of People with Dementia

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210348 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Rosa Romero-Moreno ◽

María Márquez-González ◽

Samara Barrera-Caballero ◽

Carlos Vara-García ◽

Javier Olazarán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Control Group ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Acceptance And Commitment ◽

Randomized Intervention ◽

Treatment Responses ◽

Intervention Trials

Background: While most intervention studies conducted with dementia family caregivers have focused on depressive symptoms as the main outcome, no study has analyzed the effects of an intervention on comorbid clinical presentations of depressive and anxious symptomatology. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between clinical depressive and anxious symptomatology at baseline and treatment responses of dementia family caregivers using samples from two randomized intervention trials with the same pre-post design. Methods: Specifically, the effects on depressive and anxious comorbidity of three intervention conditions (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and a control group (CG)) were analyzed. Participants were 130 dementia family caregivers. In addition to sociodemographic variables, depressive and anxious symptomatology were measured. Results: Caregivers with clinical depressive and anxiety comorbid symptoms at baseline recovered less well from depressive symptoms after CBT (45.45%) and ACT (47.72%) interventions than caregivers with non-comorbidity (100%recovery in both treatments). No significant association between comorbidity and treatment responses on depression was found for the control group. Regarding anxiety, among participants with comorbidity at baseline, 36.36%of caregivers in CBT and 30.9 %in the ACT group recovered from anxiety symptoms after treatment, compared to 6.45%in the control group. Similar results were obtained regarding those who recovered both from clinical depressive and anxiety symptoms and showed comorbidity at baseline. Conclusion: Caregivers that show comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms at baseline may benefit less from interventions than caregivers who do not show comorbidity.

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Positive Emodiversity Buffers the Association Between Stress and Depressive Symptoms

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2250 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 653-653

Author(s):

Lizbeth Benson ◽

Anthony Ong

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Life Span ◽

Daily Diary ◽

National Study ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Shannon's Entropy ◽

Daily Experiences ◽

Age Related ◽

Optimal Functioning

Abstract Intensive measurements of individuals’ experiences allow for identifying patterns of functioning that may be markers of resilience, and whether such patterns differ across the life span. Using 8 daily diary reports collected in the second burst of the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE, n=848, age 34-84; 55%female), we examined whether positive emodiversity (Shannon’s entropy) attenuated the association between cumulative stressor exposure and depressive symptoms, and age-related differences therein. Results indicated age moderated the extent to which positive emodiversity attenuated the association between stress and depressive symptoms (b=0.11, p < .05). The attenuated association was strongest for younger adults with higher positive emodiversity, compared to those with lower positive emodiversity. For older adults, the association between stress and depressive symptoms was relatively similar regardless of their positive emodiversity. Implications pertain to for whom and in what contexts specific types of dynamic emotion experiences may promote optimal functioning and resilience.

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Association of health-risk behaviors and depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms: a school-based sample of Chinese adolescents

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdz115 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. e189-e198

Author(s):

Xiaomin Luo ◽

Yu Zhou ◽

Ruimin Zheng ◽

Xin Li ◽

Yue Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Health Risk ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Health Risk Behaviors ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

School Students ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Multiple Health

Abstract Background Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms of adolescents not only affect youth but also have wide-ranging impacts on the health of adults. The study was carried out to determine the epidemiological characteristics of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms and the associations between the two and health-risk behaviors in Chinese adolescents. Methods Participants were recruited from the junior and senior high schools in China. Data were collected by self-designed questionnaires. The questionnaires included questions about demographic characteristics, depressive symptom scales, anxiety symptom scales and nine categories of health-risk behaviors. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were performed by SPSS 21.0 software. Results There were 4.4% of the participants with depressive symptoms. Approximately 32.0% of the participants had anxiety symptoms. Girls and general senior school students were risk factors for depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. Multiple health-risk behaviors were associated with depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Conclusion Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were prevalent in Chinese adolescents. Their distribution was affected by certain health-risk behaviors. Multiple health-risk behaviors were associated with depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents.

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Job Dissatisfaction Mediated the Associations Between Work Stress and Mental Health Problems

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Qiu ◽

Ruiqi Li ◽

Yilu Li ◽

Jun He ◽

Feiyun Ouyang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Work Stress ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Job Dissatisfaction ◽

Working Adults

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships and the underlying mechanisms between work stress and mental health problems, and potential mediation effects through job dissatisfaction in a working population.Methods: A large population-based study among workers in China was conducted. The self-reported scales of assessing job dissatisfaction and work stress were included in the questionnaire. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 were used for assessment of mental health. Univariate logistic regression was conducted to test the associations between work stress and mental health. Path analysis was conducted to test the proposed mediation model.Results: Of the 6,190 included employees, 27.72% reported that they perceived work stress, 14.84% of them reported that they were not satisfied with their work, 5.01% of the employees reported depressive symptoms, and 3.75% of the employees reported anxiety symptoms. The results of univariate logistic regression showed that employees who perceived work stress were more likely to report anxiety symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.78; 95% CI: 2.03–3.79) or depressive symptoms (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.22–2.12). The path analysis showed that work stress was positively associated with job dissatisfaction. Job dissatisfaction mediated the relationship between work stress and mental health problems among Chinese working adults.Conclusion: This study suggests the importance of psychosocial work environment for mental health among Chinese working adults. Work dissatisfaction is a stressor that may induce negative consequences on the mental health among Chinese workers. Interventions to help workers with stress management may be beneficial for their mental health.

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Rates of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Female Undergraduate Medical Students at National Medical College and Teaching Hospital

IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) ◽

10.21013/jmss.v14.n2sp.p17 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 171

Author(s):

Sandesh Sawant ◽

Garima Tripathi ◽

Tripti Pal Raman

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Medical Students ◽

Family History ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Drop Out ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Female Undergraduate ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

The Mean

Background: Literature states that Depression and anxiety symptoms carry impairment to medical students, including poor academic performance, drop out, substance abuse and suicide. A high prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical students has been reported worldwide. Higher prevalence is noticed among female students.Aim/Objectives: To study rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms among female undergraduate medical students.Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study. The purposive sampling method was used. Duration of study was 6 months. A total number of participants’ were 100. Self-developed questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale were used. Results: Findings showed that the mean score of anxiety symptoms was 8.08 (SD± 4.07). Similarly, the mean score of Depressive symptoms was 4.99(SD± 3.28). Fifty-two per cent of the students rated anxiety symptoms and 25% of the student rated depressive symptoms between borderline to the abnormal range. Total 9% of the students reported that they have a family history of mental illness among which 8% reported borderline to an abnormal range of anxiety however 52 % who had no family history also scored the same range. Similarly, 17% of the students reported there were life events which were stressful among which 13% scored borderline to abnormal range anxiety symptoms. Likewise, only 5% of the students scored borderline to the abnormal range of depressive symptoms.Conclusion: It was observed that female undergraduate medical students experience both anxiety and depressive symptoms however the percentage of depressive symptoms were less compared to anxiety symptoms. Further studies are required to evaluate the associated factors responsible for depressive and anxiety symptoms.

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An Open Study of Two Dose Levels of ‘Vivalan’ (Viloxazine Hydrochloride ICI 58 834) in Depression in General Practice

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/030006057400200401 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 253-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P F C Bayliss ◽

J W Harcup ◽

M Mayer ◽

R Million ◽

J E Murphy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Side Effects ◽

Side Effect ◽

Open Study ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

High Dose ◽

Dose Levels

Forty-eight mild to moderate depressives were treated by six genera practitioners with a chemically novel anti-depressant, ‘Vivalan’ (viloxazine hydrochloride, ICI 58 834). Twenty-five patients took 150 mg/day in three divided doses, and twenty-three took 200 mg/day in two divided doses, each for twenty-one days. The severity of both the depressive symptoms and the anxiety symptoms showed a statistically highly significant reduction over the duration of the study. There was no difference between the efficacy of the two dose levels. Viloxazine was generally well tolerated and there was no difference between the two dose levels as far as side-effects or withdrawals were concerned. The usual sedative and anti-cholinergic side-effects of the tricyclic anti-depressants were virtually absent. The only side-effect seen was a transient upper gastro-intestinal disturbance. It was commoner at the high dose but not significantly so. It is concluded that viloxazine hydrochloride appears to be an effective anti-depressant in this type of patient and produces little or no sedative or anti-cholinergic side-effects. Either 150 mg/day or 200 mg/day would seem a reasonable dose to use in general practice.

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Examining Children’s Mental Health and Parenting Quality before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

10.31234/osf.io/b3t5e ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heather Yarger ◽

Deena Shariq ◽

Alexandra Hickey ◽

Elizabeth Giacobbe ◽

Sarah Louise Dziura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Children’S Mental Health ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Children's Mental Health ◽

Parental Mental Health ◽

Parenting Quality ◽

Permissive Parenting ◽

Children’S Anxiety ◽

At Home

Background: The goal of the current study was to characterize the impact of COVID-19 mitigation efforts (i.e., stay-at-home orders) on children’s mental health and parenting quality, as well as to assess predictors of children’s mental health during the pandemic. Methods: Seventy-nine children (18 with autism, 61 without) and their parents who participated in a previous study and were at least 10 years old (M = 13.8, SD = 1.7) were invited to participate in three online follow-up surveys post initiation of the stay-at-home-order (during May through November 2020). Children were predominantly White (49.4%) and not Hispanic or Latino (78.5%). Parents reported on children’s anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as their own parenting practices. Family togetherness, conflict, financial problems, and parental mental health during the pandemic were also collected. Results: Children without autism experienced a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms across the beginning of the pandemic and a significant increase in depressive symptoms from pre- to post-stay-at-home-order. Children with autism experienced a significant decrease in depressive symptoms from pre- to post- stay-at-home-order. Parents of children without autism reported a significant decrease in positive parenting from pre- to post stay-at-home-order. Higher levels of permissive parenting and financial problems were associated with children’s depressive symptoms. Higher levels of parent mental health difficulties and permissive parenting were associated with higher levels of children’s anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: Children are experiencing both improvements and declines in mental health relative to pre-pandemic. Parenting quality and parental mental health have direct impacts on children’s functioning during the pandemic.

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