Physical exercise in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients affects their drinking habits: A randomized controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Jensen ◽  
Charlotte Nielsen ◽  
Claus Thorn Ekstrøm ◽  
Kirsten K. Roessler
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Training Stimulus ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Training Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effect of exercise training on physical capacity and alcohol consumption in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients. Methods: One hundred and five AUD patients were randomly assigned to treatment as usual combined with running and brisk walking for 30–45 min twice a week, either in small supervised groups (GR) or individually (IND), or to a control group with no running (C). Assessments were made after 6 and 12 months of training. Results: Training volume was estimated as 36 min per training bout at an intensity of 78% of HRmax with no differences between GR and IND ( p>.05). A highly significant reduction in training frequency was seen in both training groups after the first month ( p<.0001). Only IND increased VO2max, by 5.7% ( p<.05), while no differences were seen between GR, IND and C. Alcohol intake decreased from 219 to 41 units per 30 days as the average for the entire sample with no significant difference of drinking outcomes between groups ( p<.0001). Conclusions: We saw an effect on drinking habits after running in both groups. However, no additional effect was seen when compared with the control group. A drop in the training frequency during the intervention might have resulted in an insignificant training stimulus.

A 6-Month Randomized Trial of a Smartphone Application, UControlDrink, in Aiding Recovery in Alcohol Use Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Conor Farren ◽  
Aoife Farrell ◽  
Aisling Hagerty ◽  
Cliodhna McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Control Group

<b><i>Background and Aims:</i></b> Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a substantial problem, causing early death and great economic burden. Research has highlighted the potential positive impact of technological interventions, such as smartphone applications (app) in treatment of AUD. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a smartphone app, incorporating computerized cognitive behavioural therapy and text messaging support, on alcohol outcomes over 6 months in a post-rehabilitation setting. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 111 participants with AUD were recruited into this randomized controlled trial, following completion of a 30-day rehabilitation programme. The intervention group (<i>n</i> = 54) used the smartphone app “UControlDrink” (UCD) over 6 months with treatment as usual (TAU), and the control group (<i>n</i> = 57) received TAU. All subjects suffered from AUD as the primary disorder, with other major psychiatric disorders excluded. All intervention subjects used the UCD smartphone app in the treatment trial, and all subjects underwent TAU consisting of outpatient weekly support groups. Drinking history in the previous 90 days was measured at baseline and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Additional measurements were made to assess mood, anxiety, craving, and motivation. Results were analysed using intention-to-treat analyses. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Retention in the study was 72% at 3 months and 52% at 6 months. There was a significant reduction in heavy drinking days in the intervention group relative to TAU over the 6 months, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.02. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The UCD smartphone app demonstrates a significant benefit to reducing heavy drinking days over a 6-month post-rehabilitation period in AUD.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of game-based meditation therapy for traumatized adolescents in residential care: a randomized controlled trial (PREPRINT)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Schuurmans ◽  
Karin Nijhof ◽  
Arne Popma ◽  
Ron Scholte ◽  
Roy Otten
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Posttraumatic Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Aim: Many adolescents in residential care have experienced traumatic events and suffer from posttraumatic stress. This study examined the effectiveness of Muse, a game-based meditation intervention, as an addition to treatment as usual (TAU) for traumatized adolescents in residential care.Methods: Seventy-seven traumatized adolescents (10 – 18 years old) received either Muse and TAU (n = 37) or treatment as usual alone (n = 40). TAU consisted of evidence-based treatments that did not specifically target posttraumatic symptoms. Outcomes were measured at T1, T2, and two-months follow-up (FU). Primary outcomes were posttraumatic symptoms (self-report and mentor-report) and stress (self-report) at T2. Secondary outcomes included anxiety, depression, and aggression at T2, and all outcomes at follow-up.Results: The Muse group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group at T2 regarding self-reported posttraumatic symptoms, stress, anxiety, depression, and aggression. Mentor reports showed marginally significant decreases in posttraumatic stress at T2. There were no differences between the groups at FU, except for a marginally significant difference in self-reported posttraumatic symptoms, where the Muse participants showed larger decreases.Conclusions: Game-based meditation therapy is a promising intervention that is more effective than treatment as usual alone. Implications of these findings for the role of game-based meditation interventions for traumatized adolescents in residential care are discussed.

scholarly journals Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing Transurethral Eneucleation and Resection of Prostate and Trans-urethral Resection of Prostate in the Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Md Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Samira Rahat Afroze ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Muhammad Abdus Salam
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Transurethral Resection Of Prostate ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is the predominant surgical procedure for benign prostatic hypertension (BPH) but is not devoid of complications like capsular perforation, drop in Hb%, drop in Na+, residual adenoma; hence endeavors are evolving to combat such complications. A newer technique transurethral enucleation and resection of prostate (TUERP) has been devised to solve these problems. This study was designed to compare the safety and the efficacy of newer technique, TUERP with widely practiced TURP Methods: This randomized controlled trial was done at BSMMU, after getting ethical approval from the ethical review committee of the institute, from January to October, 2009. A total of 60 BPH patients were purposively enrolled in this study, after obtaining informed written consent and they were randomized as control, Group A (30 patients, underwent TURP) and experimental group, Group B (30 patients, underwent TEURP).Results: The mean preoperative Hb% level of Group A was 15.1 gm% (SD ± 0.5) and perioperative Hb% level was 13.04 gm% (SD ± 6.06). There was significant difference (P <0.05). The mean preoperative Hb% of Group B was 15.2 gm% (SD ± 0.5) and perioperative Hb% was 15.2 gm% (SD ± 0.48). There was no difference (P >0.05). The mean preoperative Na + of Group A was 140 mmol/l (SD ± 4.1) and perioperative Na+ was 126 mmol/l (SD ± 6.8). There was significant difference (P<0.01). The mean preoperative Na+ of Group B was 136 mmol/l (SD ± 4) and perioperative Na+ was 136 mmol/l (SD ± 2.70). There was no difference (P >0.05).Conclusion: TUERP eliminates drop in Hb% and Na+which are usual consequences following TURP. Thus TUERP can be advocated in the treatment of BPH as it also allows completeresection down to surgical capsule.Birdem Med J 2017; 7(3): 216-220

Comparison the effects of inhalation and massage aromatherapy with lavender and sweet orange on fatigue in hemodialysis patients: a randomized clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokoh Varaei ◽  
Zahra Jalalian ◽  
Mir Saeed Yekani Nejad ◽  
Morteza Shamsizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Massage Group ◽  
Group A

AbstractObjectivesFatigue, regardless of the causes, could leave a negative impact on individual performance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of inhalation and massage aromatherapy with lavender and sweet orange on fatigue among hemodialysis patients.MethodsThis study was a randomized controlled trial. The patients (96 patients) were allocated to three groups (control, an inhalation aromatherapy, and an aromatherapy massage group). A demographic questionnaire as well as the rhoten fatigue scale (RFS) was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS version 18.ResultsBefore the intervention, there was no significant difference among the groups regarding fatigue level (p=0.54). However, eight and 16 weeks after the study, the levels of fatigue in both experimental groups were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsInterventions with essential oils are effective in reducing fatigue in hemodialysis patients, although the effects of aromatherapy massage on fatigue are stronger than the effects of inhalation aromatherapy.

Clinical Effect of Two Fluoride Varnishes in Caries-Active Preschool Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Anna Turska-Szybka ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Svante Twetman ◽  
Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Tooth Cleaning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Equal Capacity ◽  
Group B

The prevention of dental caries in preschool children is a priority for dental services. The aim of the study was to investigate the caries-preventive effect of 2 fluoride varnishes in caries-active preschool children, and then compare the outcome with a non-varnish control group. After screening, 180 preschool children aged 36–71 months, with at least 1 noncavitated lesion, were enrolled and randomly allocated into 3 parallel groups, namely A: 1.5% ammonium fluoride varnish (Fluor Protector S), B: 5% NaF varnish (Duraphat), and C: professional tooth-cleaning. All children were recalled every third month for intervention and their parents were instructed to have them brush their teeth with a 1,000-ppm fluoride toothpaste twice daily. Caries were recorded at baseline and after 12 months by a calibrated examiner and the incidence was scored on noncavitated (d2) and cavitated (d3) level. We tested differences between the groups with the χ2 and two-sided t tests. One hundred and seventy-two children (95.6%) completed the trial and 56 (32.6%) and 35 (19.2%) developed new d2 and d3 lesions, respectively. Both varnishes reduced the incidence of caries compared with the control group, but there was no significant difference between group A and group B. Compared with group C, the relative risk for developing cavitated lesions was 0.39 (95% CI 0.22–0.62) in group A and 0.26 (95% CI 0.14–0.50) in group B. The total prevented fraction (Δd2d3mft) for group A and group B was 19.9 and 22.5% (p < 0.05), respectively. No adverse effects were observed or reported during the study period. In conclusion, the 2 fluoride varnishes demonstrated an equal capacity to reduce the incidence of caries in caries-active preschool children over a 12-month period in comparison with a control group.

scholarly journals Virtual Reality Cognitive Training in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder Undergoing Residential Treatment: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Gamito ◽  
Jorge Oliveira ◽  
Marcelo Matias ◽  
Elsa Cunha ◽  
Rodrigo Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder has been associated with diverse physical and mental morbidities. Among the main consequences of chronic and excessive alcohol use are cognitive and executive deficits. Some of these deficits may be reversed in specific cognitive and executive domains with behavioral approaches consisting in cognitive training. The advent of computer-based interventions may leverage these improvements, but RCTs of digital interactive-based interventions are still scarce. OBJECTIVE The aim is to explore whether a cognitive training approach using virtual reality exercises based on activities of daily living is feasible for improving cognitive function of patients with alcohol use disorder undergoing residential treatment, as well as to estimate the effect size for this intervention to power future definitive RCTs. METHODS A two-arm pilot randomized controlled trial with a sample of 36 individuals recovering from alcohol use disorder in a therapeutic community assigned to a therapist-guided virtual reality-based cognitive training combined with treatment-as-usual or a control group with treatment-as-usual without cognitive training. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery of tests was used both at pre and post assessments, including global cognition, executive functions, attention, visual memory and cognitive flexibility. RESULTS In order to control for potential effects of global cognition and executive functions at baseline, these domains were controlled in the statistical analysis for each individual outcome. Results indicate effects (P < .05) of the intervention on attention (in 2 out of 5 outcomes) and cognitive flexibility (in 2 out of 6 outcomes), with effect sizes in significant comparisons being larger for attention than for cognitive flexibility. Patient retention in cognitive training was high, in line with previous studies. CONCLUSIONS Overall data suggest specific contributions of reality-based cognitive training in improving attention ability and cognitive flexibility of patients recovering from alcohol use disorder. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04505345; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04505345

scholarly journals Breathalyser-Based eHealth Data Suggest That Self-Reporting of Abstinence Is a Poor Outcome Measure for Alcohol Use Disorder Clinical Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku D Hämäläinen ◽  
Andreas Zetterström ◽  
Maria Winkvist ◽  
Marcus Söderquist ◽  
Patrik Öhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Aims To evaluate the efficacy and monitoring capabilities of a breathalyser-based eHealth system for patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to investigate the quality and validity of timeline follow-back (TLFB) as outcome measure in clinical trials and treatment. Methods Patients (n = 115) were recruited to clinical trials from a 12-step aftercare programme (12S-ABS) and from hospital care with abstinence (HC-ABS) or controlled drinking (HC-CDR) as goal and randomly divided into an eHealth and a control group. The effect of the eHealth system was analysed with TLFB-derived primary outcomes—change in number of abstinent days (AbsDay) and heavy drinking days (HDDs) compared to baseline—and phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth) measurements. Validity and quality of TLFB were evaluated by comparison with breath alcohol content (BrAC) and eHealth digital biomarkers (DBs): Addiction Monitoring Index (AMI) and Maximum Time Between Tests (MTBT). TLFB reports were compared to eHealth data regarding reported abstinence. Results The primary outcome (TLFB) showed no significant difference between eHealth and control groups, but PEth did show a significant difference especially at months 2 and 3. Self-reported daily abstinence suffered from severe quality issues: of the 28-day TLFB reports showing full abstinence eHealth data falsified 34% (BrAC measurements), 39% (MTBT), 54% (AMI) and 68% (BrAC/MTBT/AMI). 12S-ABS and HC-ABS patients showed severe under-reporting. Conclusions No effect of the eHealth system was measured with TLFB, but a small positive effect was measured with PEth. The eHealth system revealed severe quality problems with TLFB, especially regarding abstinence—should measurement-based eHealth data replace TLFB as outcome measure for AUD?

Reducing the Social Stigma Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial of an Intervention Program in a Turkish Community Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz ◽  
Orçun YORULMAZ ◽  
Gülşah DURNA
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.

Breastfeeding Training through Role-Play and Effects on Mother-infant Attachment Behaviours: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farokh Saljughi ◽  
Mitra Savabi-Esfahani ◽  
Shahnaz Kohan ◽  
Soheila Ehsanpour
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Mother-infant attachment is an intimate, lasting and satisfying relationship that leads to better cognitive, emotional and social growth of the infant. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of breastfeeding training by role-play on mother-infant attachment behaviours. This research was a randomised clinical trial (parallel design). Inclusion criteria were: no history of mental disorders; ability to read and write the Persian language to complete the questionnaire; no history of drug and tobacco intake in primigravida women. The sample comprised 100 pregnant women (in 2 groups), selected through simple random sampling at healthcare centres. The researcher reviewed prenatal care registries of selected healthcare centres and extracted the names of pregnant women in their early third trimester. The data were imported into randomisation software. The control group received routine breastfeeding training, while the intervention group received routine training together with training through role-play. The data collection tool was the Maternal Behaviour Inventory Questionnaire. Consequently 75 samples were analysed in SPSS16. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to examine the difference between the two groups. Results showed that the mean score of mother-infant attachment one week after delivery was significantly higher in the intervention group in comparison to that in the control group (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in maternal age, age of marriage, neonatal gender, maternal employment and education, number of parity, and number of abortions (P>0.05). Since breastfeeding training through role-play could affect mother-infant attachment, it is suggested that this type of training should be provided for pregnant women to promote mother-infant attachment and exclusive breastfeeding.

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