scholarly journals Indicators and determinants of the years of working life lost: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482199366
Author(s):  
Rahman Shiri ◽  
Aapo Hiilamo ◽  
Tea Lallukka
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Work Demands ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Physical Work Demands ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Healthy Working ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Objective: This narrative review summarizes the available indicators for working life expectancy and years of working life lost (YWLL) and their determinants. Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase databases from their inception until August 2020 and screened all studies proposing an indicator for working life expectancy or YWLL. We also reviewed studies focusing on sociodemographic, lifestyle and work-related determinants of working life expectancy and YWLL. The results were synthesized narratively. Results: We identified 13 different indicators for the length of working life or YWLL. The most frequently used indicators were ‘working life expectancy’, ‘healthy working life expectancy’, and YWLL. Working life expectancy and healthy working life expectancy are longer for men than women. Working life expectancy at the age of 50 has been increasing since the mid-90s, and the increase has been larger for women, reducing the sex difference. Working life is shorter for people with a low level of education, in lower occupational classes, for people exposed to high physical work demands, those living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas, people with overweight or obesity, smokers, people who are inactive during leisure time and in people with a chronic health problem. Conclusions: Despite increasing interest in understanding the determinants of YWLL, only a few studies have simultaneously considered multiple exit routes from the labour market. We propose a new measure for total YWLL considering all relevant exit routes from employment. This comprehensive measure can be used to assess the effect of given policy changes on prolonging working life.

scholarly journals High physical work demands and working life expectancy in Denmark

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 576-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Pedersen ◽  
Bastian Bygvraa Schultz ◽  
Ida E H Madsen ◽  
Svetlana Solovieva ◽  
Lars L Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Work Demands ◽  
Physical Work Demands ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveIn most European countries, political reforms gradually increase the statutory retirement age to counter the economic costs of a growing elderly population. However, working to a high age may be difficult for people with hard physical labour. We aim to study the impact of high physical work demands on working life expectancy (WLE).MethodsWe combined physical work demands assessed by job exposure matrix (JEM) and longitudinal high-quality national registers (outcome) in 1.6 million Danish workers to estimate WLE and years of sickness absence, unemployment and disability pension. The JEM value for physical work demand is a summarised score of eight ergonomic exposures for 317 occupations groups, sex and age. The WLE was estimated using a multistate proportional hazards model in a 4-year follow-up period.ResultsIndividuals with high physical work demands had a significantly lower WLE, than those with low physical work demands, with largest differences seen among women. At age 30 years, women with high physical work demands can expect 3.1 years less working, 11 months more of sickness absence and 16 months more of unemployment than low-exposed women. For 30-year-old men, the corresponding results were 2.0 years, 12 months and 8 months, respectively.ConclusionOur findings show that high physical work demands are a marked risk factor for a shortened working life and increased years of sickness absence and unemployment. The results are important when selecting high-risk occupations, and expand the knowledge base for informed political decision making concerning statutory retirement age.

scholarly journals Physical work exposure, chronic musculoskeletal pain and risk of insomnia: longitudinal data from the HUNT study, Norway

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eivind Schjelderup Skarpsno ◽  
Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen ◽  
Trond Sand ◽  
Knut Hagen ◽  
Paul Jarle Mork
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Work Demands ◽  
Physical Fatigue ◽  
Physical Work Demands ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

ObjectivesTo prospectively investigate (i) the association of physical work demands and work-related physical fatigue with risk of insomnia symptoms and (ii) if these associations are influenced by chronic musculoskeletal pain.MethodsProspective study on a working population of 8563 women and 7598 men participating in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (Norway) who reported no insomnia at baseline in 1995–1997. Occurrence of insomnia symptoms was assessed at follow-up in 2006–2008. A Poisson regression model was used to calculate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) for insomnia symptoms with 95% CI.ResultsCompared with workers without work-related physical fatigue, women and men who reported that they were always fatigued had RRs of insomnia of 2.34 (95% CI 1.72 to 3.18) and 2.47 (95% CI 1.59 to 3.83), respectively. Overall, physical work demands was not associated with risk of insomnia, although men who reported heavy physical work had an RR of 0.67 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.97) compared with men with mostly sedentary work. Compared with the reference group of workers without work-related physical fatigue and no chronic pain, analyses of joint effects showed that women with excessive work-related fatigue had an RR of 4.20 (95% CI 2.95 to 5.98) if they reported chronic pain and an RR of 1.67 (95% CI 0.87 to 3.18) if they did not. Corresponding RRs in men were 3.55 (95% CI 2.11 to 5.98) and 2.13 (95% CI 1.07 to 4.25).ConclusionThese findings suggest that there is an interplay between work-related physical fatigue and musculoskeletal pain that should receive particular attention in the prevention of insomnia in working populations.

scholarly journals P.2.24 The effect of the exposure to work-related potentially traumatic events on occupational functioning (work limitations) among firefighters: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A94.1-A94
Author(s):  
Ki Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Physical Work ◽  
Work Demands ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Physical Work Demands ◽  
Work Limitations ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Environmental Work ◽  
Psychosocial Work Demands

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether firefighters’ exposure to work-related trauma events is related to work limitations that form part of social health.MethodsIn 2016, 618 firefighters from four cities in Gyeongsangnam-do participated in this study. They were analyzed using a health-related work limitations questionnaire, experience and type of work-related trauma, Korea Depression Scale, and the World Health Organization quality of life assessment instrument. The health-related work limitations consisted of three scales: ‘physical work demands,’ ‘psychosocial work demands,’ and ‘environmental work demands.’ The analysis was done by hierarchical logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf the subjects, 70.2% remembered traumatic experiences they had experienced during their job. The total work limitations were 21.5%; the limitation of physical work demands was 16.8%, that of psychosocial work demands was 15.5%, and that of environmental work demands was 13.8%. Logistic regression analysis of the final model 3 showed that, if firefighters have experience of their own risks and personal injury, physical (95% CI=1.169–9.405), psychosocial (95% CI=1.080–8.609), and environmental (95% CI=1.659–14.402), the total (95% CI=1.439–9.678) work limitation was significantly increased. When there was a memory of a terrible body or injury, the total work limitations increased significantly (95% CI=1.092–3.905).ConclusionsWhen firefighters are exposed to trauma events during their jobs, these have a negative impact on their work. In order to protect and improve the occupational functions of firefighters, effective prevention and management of work-related trauma incidents should be considered.

scholarly journals Occupational Exposures Associated with Life Expectancy without and with Disability

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6377
Author(s):  
Astrid de Wind ◽  
Ranu Sewdas ◽  
Emiel O. Hoogendijk ◽  
Allard J. van der Beek ◽  
Dorly J. H. Deeg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Work Demands ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Physical Work Demands ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Low Exposure ◽  
Psychosocial Work Demands

Policies to extend working lives often do not take into account potentially important health inequalities arising from differences in occupational exposures. Little is known about which occupational exposures are associated with these inequalities. This study aims to examine differences in life expectancy without and with disability by occupational exposures. Longitudinal data (1992–2016) on disability and physical and psychosocial work demands and resources of 2513 (former) workers aged ≥55 years participating in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used. Gender specific life expectancies without and with disability by occupational exposures were calculated using multistate survival models. Women aged 55 years with high physical work demands had a lower life expectancy without disability than those with low exposure (1.02–1.57 years), whereas there was no difference for men. Men and women with high psychosocial work demands and resources had a longer life expectancy without disability than those with low exposure (1.19–2.14 years). Life expectancy with disability did not significantly differ across occupational exposures. Workers with higher psychosocial demands and resources and lower physical demands can expect to live more disability-free years. Information on occupational exposure helps to identify workers at risk for lower life expectancy, especially without disability, who may need specific support regarding their work environment.

scholarly journals Is hard physical work in the early working life associated with back pain later in life? A cross-sectional study among 5700 older workers

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e040158
Author(s):  
Rúni Bláfoss ◽  
Sebastian Venge Skovlund ◽  
Rubén López‐Bueno ◽  
Joaquin Calatayud ◽  
Emil Sundstrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Work Demands ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Musculoskeletal Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Work Demands

ObjectivesPhysically demanding work increases the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders during working life, with low back pain (LBP) as the most prevalent and debilitating musculoskeletal disorder worldwide. However, a lack of knowledge exists about the role of early working years on musculoskeletal health later in life. This study investigated whether an exposure–response association exists between physical demands in early working life and risk of LBP in later working life.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting, participants and outcome measureIn the SeniorWorkingLife study, 5909 wage earners aged ≥50 years with currently sedentary work replied to a questionnaire survey in 2018 about physical work demands during their first working years (exposure) and current LBP (outcome). Associations between physical work demands in the early working years and current LBP were modelled using general linear models controlling for various confounders, combined with model-assisted weights based on national registers.ResultsHard physical work during early working life was associated with more intense LBP later in life among senior workers with currently sedentary jobs. In the fully adjusted model, workers with ‘standing/walking work with lifting/carrying’ and ‘heavy or fast work that is physically strenuous’ during the first years of working life reported higher LBP intensity than those with sedentary work during their first working years (0.2 (95% CI, 0.0 to 0.4) and 0.6 (95% CI, 0.4 to 0.9), respectively).ConclusionWork involving lifting/carrying or work that is physically strenuous in early life is associated with higher intensity of LBP among older workers with currently sedentary employment. These findings suggest that early working life may have an impact on later working years and underscore the necessity for careful introduction and instruction to the working environment for retaining musculoskeletal health and prolonging working life.Trial registration numberNCT03634410.

scholarly journals Important work demands for reducing sickness absence among workers with neck or upper back pain: a prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Oliv ◽  
Ewa Gustafsson ◽  
Adnan Noor Baloch ◽  
Mats Hagberg ◽  
Helena Sandén
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Work Ability ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Work Demands ◽  
Work Demand ◽  
Physical Work Demands ◽  
Work Ability Score

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate what exposure to work demands, physical and psychosocial, is associated with lower levels of sickness absence among workers with neck or upper back pain in different groups, by age, gender, duration of sickness absence and work ability score. Methods This study was a prospective study of 4567 workers with neck or upper back pain. Data on neck or upper back pain, work demand and work ability were obtained from the Swedish Work Environment survey over a 3–year period (2009–2013). Register data on sickness absence, 1 year after each survey was conducted, were obtained from the Swedish health insurance database. Analyses were performed to estimate the association between self-reported work demands and registered sick days > 14 days. The analyses were stratified for gender, age group and work ability score. Results Lower numbers of sick days were found for workers reporting low exposure to lifting ≥15 kg and twisted or forward-leaning work postures. Lower numbers of sick days were found for workers reporting high work control and seated work. The associations were generally stronger in the older age groups for the physical work demands. Conclusions The findings in this study suggest that certain physical work demands and having high control over one’s work can result in lower sickness absence, especially among middle-aged and older workers with neck or upper back pain.

Assessment of physical work demands of long-distance industrial gas delivery truck drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 103224
Author(s):  
Firdaous Sekkay ◽  
Daniel Imbeau ◽  
Philippe-Antoine Dubé ◽  
Yuvin Chinniah ◽  
Nathalie de Marcellis-Warin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Work Demands ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Physical Work Demands
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