scholarly journals Alkohol och äldre

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-426
Author(s):  
Tommi Sulander
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Older People ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alcohol Tax ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Increasing Trend

T. Sulander: Increasing numbers of older people use alcohol The number of older people using alcohol has increased and abstinence has decreased over the past few decades in Finland. However, the average amount of consumed alcohol per week has remained the same. The rapid lowering of alcohol taxes in 2004 led to a slight increase in alcohol use among people aged 65–84. The number of older people in need of care for their alcohol problems has increased parallel to the increasing trend of moderate drinking. It is, however, difficult to reach heavy drinkers by using different research methods. Therefore, their number in the population could only be estimated. Alcohol use in Finland has been increasing steadily already before the alcohol tax was considerably lowered in 2004. To reverse this negative trend, alcohol taxes should be considerably increased and health promotion activities should be initiated.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Cannabis Users in Alcohol Research Samples: Screening In, Screening Out, and Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-423
Author(s):  
Alexandra Venegas ◽  
Lindsay R Meredith ◽  
Ziva D Cooper ◽  
Brandon Towns ◽  
Lara A Ray
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heavy Drinkers

Abstract Background Alcohol and cannabis are frequently co-used, as 20–50% of those who drink alcohol report co-using cannabis. This study is based on the argument that alcohol researchers should enroll cannabis users in human laboratory studies of alcohol use disorder (AUD) to strengthen generalizability. This study examines how heavy drinking cannabis users differ from non-cannabis using heavy drinkers. Methods In a community sample of non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (n = 551, 35% female), cannabis users were identified through: (a) self-reported cannabis use in the past 6 months and (b) positive urine toxicology test for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Cannabis users, identified as described previously, were compared with non-cannabis users on demographic and clinical characteristics. Results Those who endorsed cannabis use in the past 6 months reported more binge drinking days. Participants who tested positive for THC had higher Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test scores and more binge drinking days. Younger age and being a tobacco smoker were associated with an increased likelihood of cannabis use in the past 6 months, whereas male gender and being a tobacco use were associated with a greater likelihood of testing positive for THC. Individuals with cannabis use disorder (CUD) endorsed more depression and anxiety and had higher AUD symptom counts than cannabis users without CUD. Conclusions The inclusion of cannabis users in AUD samples allows for increased clinical severity. Excluding cannabis users from AUD studies may limit representativeness and expend unnecessary study resources. Lastly, tobacco use may explain a large portion of the effects of cannabis use on sample characteristics. Short Summary Alcohol and cannabis are frequently co-used substances. In a sample of non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (n = 551, 35% female), cannabis users reported higher alcohol use and higher likelihood of tobacco use than non-cannabis users. Including cannabis users in alcohol research studies will improve representativeness and likely increase clinical severity.

Increasing Trend in the Prevalence of Alcohol‐Sensitive Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder Over the Past 40 Years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumihiko Ueno ◽  
Hiroyuki Uchida ◽  
Mitsuru Kimura ◽  
Akira Yokoyama ◽  
Tomoko Yonemoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Trend

scholarly journals The patterns of alcohol use among Warsaw adolescents across 20 years - from 1988 to 2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Okulicz-Kozaryn ◽  
Anna Borucka
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alcohol Drinking Patterns ◽  
Clear Differentiation

Okulicz-Kozaryn, K. & Borucka, A. (2013). Patterns of alcohol use among Warsaw adolescents across 20 years—from 1988 to 2008. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(2), 37-44. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.102 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.102)Aim: The study investigates patterns of alcohol drinking among 15-year-old Polish students in Warsaw over the past 20 years.Methods: Data were collected from six consecutive surveys, beginning in 1988 (N = 3918) and conducted every four years (in 2008, N = 1229).Results: Two-step cluster analysis across all six consecutive surveys indicated a clear differentiation of the social context of adolescent alcohol drinking patterns. Adolescents are least likely to drink alcohol alone (< 5%) or heavily with peers (< 10%), more likely to drink with parents (15%-20%), in moderate amounts with peers (11%-28%) or not at all (11%-27%), and most likely to be light social drinkers (30%-46%). Cross-gender comparisons suggest that traditional gender differences are fading away; the data show increases in moderate social drinking among females and abstinence among males.Conclusions: Our results confirm that adolescents’ patterns of alcohol use are stable over time, despite the social and political changes that have occurred in Poland since 1988, and reflect a pattern of mostly moderate drinking.

scholarly journals Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Alcohol Use and Related Problems among Older African Americans

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 858-858
Author(s):  
Tomorrow Arnold
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Panic Disorders ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Use Studies ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Abstract The older African American (AA) population is expected to triple by 2050; however, research on depression, anxiety, and alcohol use among older AAs is lacking. Current mental health and substance use studies involving older AAs often focus on between-race differences, frequently comparing AAs to Whites, without addressing within-group variation in the former. As such, little is known about the associations between depression, anxiety, alcohol use and related disorders in this population. The present study used data from 2016-2017 Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Milwaukee 2 to examine whether depressive and anxiety symptoms and disorders are associated with alcohol use and alcohol problems among 274 African Americans aged 50 to 93 (62.8% women). Of the sample, 9.5%, 3.6%, and 6.6% met criteria for depression, generalized anxiety (GAD), and panic disorders, respectively. About 8.1% had drank heavily and 18.5% binge drank in the past month with 10.2% reporting alcohol problems in the past year. Those with depression and those with panic disorder were more likely to be heavy drinkers; while only those with panic disorder were more likely to be binge drinkers. Meeting criteria for depression or panic disorder but not GAD disorder were both more likely to have had alcohol-related problems than those not meeting criteria. Only panic disorder was associated with increased likelihood of drinking more than intended in the past year. Preliminary exploratory findings suggest that the associations between depressive symptoms, type of anxiety disorder, alcohol use, and problems varied by gender.

Moderate Drinking and Cardiovascular Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Use ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions

The adverse consequences of heavy alcohol use are well known. However, recent media reports of a possible cardiovascular benefit associated with moderate drinking have revived public interest in the use of alcohol for “medicinal purposes.” Knowledge development regarding guidelines for moderate alcohol use has lagged behind public interest in the possible health benefits of moderate alcohol use. At this time, evidence-based primary health promotion interventions related to the risks and benefits of moderate alcohol use are lacking in the health care literature. This chapter reviews 22 reports describing the relationship between moderate drinking and cardiovascular disease. The reports are classified by the level of evidence and critiqued on seven aspects of method. Conclusions related to the strength of the evidence that moderate drinking is a useful primary health promotion intervention are presented.

Sleep Problems During the Preschool Years and Beyond as a Marker of Risk and Resilience in Substance Use

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Before And After

Individuals with alcohol problems have well-described disturbances of sleep, but the development of these disturbances both before and after the onset of problem drinking is poorly understood. This chapter first discusses sleep physiology and its measurement in humans. It then examines the functions of sleep and its role in development. Next, it reviews recent research on the relationship between sleep and alcohol use and related problems. Whereas sleep problems (e.g., difficulties falling or staying asleep) increase the risk of early onset of alcohol use and related problems, sleep rhythmicity promotes resilience to the development of alcohol use disorder and problem substance use. Based on existing research, this chapter proposes a theoretical model of sleep and alcohol use, highlighting the role of self-regulatory processes as mediators of this relationship.

scholarly journals Secular trends of population attributable risk of overweight and obesity for hypertension among Chinese adults from 1991 to 2011

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Gou ◽  
Huiying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Trend

AbstractWe determined if the increasing trend in hypertension can be partly attributed to increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity in China over the past two decades. Data were collected from 1991 to 2011 and the population attributable risk (PAR), which is used to estimate the intervention effect on hypertension if overweight/obese, were eliminated. Linear regression was used to evaluate the secular trends. The age-standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity increased by 26.32% with an overall slope of 1.27% (95% CI: 1.12–1.43%) per year. Hypertension also increased by 12.37% with an overall slope of 0.65% (95% CI: 0.51–0.79%) per year. The adjusted ORs of overweight/obesity for hypertension across the survey years remained unchanged; however, the trend in PAR increased steadily from 27.1 to 44.6% with an overall slope of 0.81% (95% CI: 0.34–1.28%) per year (P = 0.006). There was no significant gender difference in the slopes of increasing PAR, as measured by regression coefficients (β = 0.95% vs. β = 0.63% per year, P = 0.36). Over the past two decades, the increase in the prevalence of hypertension in China was partly attributed to the overweight/obesity epidemic, which highlights the importance of controlling weight and further reducing the burden of hypertension.

scholarly journals Educational programmes for frail older people, their families, carers and healthcare professionals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Viggars ◽  
Andrew Finney ◽  
Barnabas Panayiotou
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Summary Background More people are living with frailty and requiring additional health and support services. To improve their management, the “Frailty: Core Capability Framework” in the United Kingdom recommends frailty education for older individuals, their families, carers and health professionals. We performed a systematic review of specific educational programmes for these groups. Methods Electronic databases were searched using dedicated search terms and inclusion criteria. To improve accuracy, two reviewers carried out the screening and selection of research papers. Information from included studies was collected using a tailored data extraction template, and quality appraisal tools were used to assess the rigour of the studies. The findings were analysed to identify key themes. Results A total of 11 studies met the criteria and were included in the review. The study populations ranged from 12 to 603 and the research designs were heterogeneous (6 qualitative; 2 randomised controlled trials; 1 quasi-experimental; 1 mixed methods; 1 cross-sectional study). Whilst some methodological shortcomings were identified, all studies contributed valuable information. The results underwent narrative synthesis, which elucidated four thematic domains: (1) accessibility of educational programmes, (2) empowerment, (3) self-care, and (4) health promotion (especially exercise and nutrition). Conclusion Educational programmes for older people, their carers and health professionals are important for effective frailty prevention and management. To be maximally beneficial, they should be easily accessible to all target populations and include empowerment, self-care and health promotion. Further research should explore the formulation of widely applicable, user-friendly programmes and delivery formats that can be tailored to different client groups.

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