scholarly journals Travellers' Alcohol Imports to Sweden at the Beginning of the 21st Century

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Pure Alcohol ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems ◽  
Alcohol Alcohol

Background Privately imported alcohol has increased during the last decade in Sweden. Estimates suggest an increase from 1.1 liter (pure alcohol) per inhabitant in 1996 to 2.7 liters in 2004, and a decrease to 1.8 liters by 2007. Privately imported alcohol represented approximately 20% of total consumption in Sweden during the period 2001–2007 and thus represents a large amount of all alcohol consumed. However, the drinking habits of importers have been rarely studied. Aim The main aim of this paper is to examine drinking patterns and experiences of alcohol-related problems among Swedes who bring alcohol in from abroad and to investigate whether these differ according to the levels of importing. In addition those who bring alcohol in from abroad are compared with those who do not. Data & Methods Data on private import of alcohol, alcohol consumption, adverse consequences of alcohol and socio-demographics were obtained from a monthly telephone survey for the period January 2002 until December 2007 and were aggregated into annual data. For each month a randomised population of 1,500 individuals where asked whether they had returned to Sweden from abroad. If they responded affirmatively they where then asked questions on how many times abroad, during the last 30 days, and if they had brought any alcohol to Sweden the last and or the second-to-the-last time. Irrespective of the respondent had been abroad or not questions on alcohol consumption, drinking patterns, adverse consequences and socio-demographics were asked. On average the telephone interviews lasted for approximately ten minutes. Logistic regressions was used to estimate the association between drinking habits (and problems) and different amounts of alcohol imports. Results The findings of this study indicate that those who import alcohol drink more and engage in binge drinking more frequently than those who do not. However, adverse consequences of alcohol consumption were not reported to the same degree as among the non-importers.

scholarly journals Nordic, Italian, and German Drinking Habits: A Comparison between Surveys Made since the 1980s

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 14-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Hanhinen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Central European ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Drinking Frequency

This article compares Nordic drinking habit surveys and their results — a comparison previously done in 1988. It includes all the main surveys regarding drinking habits of the adult population in the Nordic countries since 1988. In addition the analysis takes in Italy and Germany. Drinking habits are described and compared on four dimensions: the share of abstainers and drinkers, overall drinking frequency, the volume of alcohol consumption, and heavy drinking and drinking for intoxication. The study highlights the difficulties inherent in the international comparison of drinking habits. The results indicate that even though the changes in beverage preferences imply a homogenization of drinking patterns, the homogenization hypothesis proves to be wrong when comparing the results concerning the shares of abstainers, drinking frequencies or distribution of alcohol consumption between women and men. Denmark still differs from the rest of the Nordic countries in these respects, being closer to central European countries like Germany. In the other Nordic countries traditional drinking patterns seem to persist despite the changes in beverage preferences. Closest to Denmark and central European countries stands Finland, where drinking frequency has been rising and where more alcohol is consumed than in Sweden, Norway and Iceland. Looking at the previous comparison of Nordic drinking habits, it can be concluded that drinking habits are very open to changes.

The finnish drinking habits during the 1990s

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-166
Author(s):  
Leena Metso ◽  
Jussi Simpura
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Economic Depression ◽  
Drinking Frequency ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Administrative Structures

Three nationwide surveys from the years 1992, 1993, and 1996 were used to study whether basic features of Finnish drinking habits changed in the 1990s. Two factors that might have produced changes are the deep economic depression since 1991 and Finland's EU membership since 1995. The effects of the depression were visible in a decline in overall alcohol consumption after 1991, which recovered to the earlier level by 1996. The effects of EU membership involved, among many other things, certain administrative structures of the Finnish alcohol monopoly system. However, basic features of drinking patterns, like abstinence, drinking frequency, frequency of binge drinking, and the distribution of alcohol consumption, have remained untouched by those external changes. This can be taken as further evidence that drinking patterns typically change very slowly.

scholarly journals The Finnish Drinking Habits Survey: Implications for alcohol policy and prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-631
Author(s):  
Katariina Warpenius ◽  
Pia Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Alcohol Related Harm ◽  
Related Harm

Aims/materials: This reflection piece reviews some of the key results and conclusions from the book Näin Suomi juo ( This is how Finns drink, 2018), based on the Finnish Drinking Habits Survey. Our aim was to go through the results taking the perspective of prevention workers and policymakers: how could they benefit from the scientific findings when tackling alcohol-related harm? Results/reflections: The reflections displayed in this article provide some useful arguments and justifications for population-level alcohol policy in the controversial alcohol policy debate. Harms do not only arise among the heaviest drinkers, and efficient methods to prevent harm may be found among the prevention efforts that apply to populations rather than only to the heaviest drinkers. The article also illustrates how the results from a population survey can be used in order to identify specific challenges and solutions for alcohol prevention in a given population. The results help in identifying the population groups and situations with an elevated risk of alcohol-related harm and in characterising the drinking patterns and social situations in which drinking takes place in these vulnerable parts of the population. Conclusions: The review illustrates that a many-sided understanding of alcohol consumption and the related harm, based on survey results, is more far-reaching in terms of prevention and policy than a knowledge base built solely on register data on the development of alcohol consumption and harm. For example, the respondents’ drinking patterns are linked not only to their attitudes and risk perceptions but also to what people consider to be appropriate means to reduce alcohol use and the related harm in terms of alcohol policy, informal social control and people’s life management.

scholarly journals STUDENTŲ ALKOHOLIO VARTOJIMO LŪKESČIŲ, SAVIVEIKSMINGUMO, MOTYVŲ IR ALKOHOLIO VARTOJIMO SĄSAJOS

Psichologija ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 88-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baltrušaitytė ◽  
L. Bulotaitė
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Alcohol Outcome Expectancies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Straipsnio tikslas – išsiaiškinti studentų lūkesčių, motyvų ir saviveiksmingumo sąsajas su alkoholio var­tojimu. Naudojant alkoholio vartojimo lūkesčių klausimyną, atsisakymo gerti saviveiksmingumo klausi­myną, motyvų vartoti alkoholį klausimyną, motyvų nevartoti alkoholio klausimyną ir alkoholio vartoji­mo įpročių bei problemų anketą buvo apklausti 308 studentai iš 5 Lietuvos universitetų. Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad studentų motyvai vartoti alkoholį ir teigiamų pasekmių lūkesčiai yra teigiamai susiję su al­koholio vartojimo dažnumu, kiekiu ir vartojimo sukeltomis problemomis, o atsisakymo gerti saviveiks­mingumas ir motyvai nevartoti alkoholio dėl abejingumo alkoholiui yra neigiamai susiję su alkoholio vartojimo ypatumais (dažnumu, kiekiu, problemomis). Vyriškoji lytis, stipresni motyvai vartoti alkoholį ir menkesnis saviveiksmingumas prognozuoja didesnius suvartojamo alkoholio kiekius, o dažnesnį alko­holio vartojimą prognozuoja dar ir jaunesnis alkoholio vartojimo pradžios amžius. Didesnį su alkoholio vartojimu susijusių problemų skaičių prognozuoja ne tik gausesnis alkoholio vartojimas, bet ir stipresni motyvai vartoti alkoholį bei silpnesnis saviveiksmingumas. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: alkoholio vartojimas, lūkesčiai, motyvai, saviveiksmingumas.Relationship between Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Self-Efficacy, Motives and Alcohol Consumption among University StudentsBaltrušaitytė R., Bulotaitė L.  SummaryAlcohol use is widespread among university stu­dents. While searching for the factors associated with drinking, scientists more often acknowledge the importance of various cognitive-motivational vari­ables. It is recommended to consider these variables when developing effective prevention and interven­tion programs. The cognitive-motivational variables examined in this study were: alcohol outcome ex­pectancies, drinking motives, motives for not drink­ing, and drinking refusal self-efficacy. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between alcohol outcome expectancies, motives, self-efficacy and alcohol consumption among Lithuanian univer­sity students. Another aim was to propose and test a meditational model in which alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems are predicted by expect­ancies, motives and self-efficacy. 308 students from five Lithuanian universities participated in this study. All participants completed the Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire – revised (DEQ-r), Drinking Refusal Self-efficacy Questionnaire – revised (DRSEQ-r), Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ), motives for not drinking questionnaire and one more question­naire assessing drinking patterns and alcohol-related problems. The results have shown that the male gen­der, stronger motives to drink and a weaker drink ing refusal self-efficacy predict a larger quantity of alcohol consumed per occasion. More frequent drinking was also predicted by an earlier age of drinking onset. A larger number of alcohol-related problems was predicted not only by the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, but also by stronger motives to drink and a weaker drinking refusal self-efficacy. The relationship between positive alcohol outcome expectancies and alcohol consumption was medi­ated by motives and drinking refusal self-efficacy. Motives to drink predict alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems directly and indirectly – through self-efficacy. Drinking refusal self-efficacy predicted alcohol consumption directly, and the re­lationship between self-efficacy and alcohol-related problems was mediated by alcohol consumption. Strong positive alcohol outcome expectancies and drinking motives may be considered as potential risk factors for heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems. Strong drinking refusal self-efficacy and strong motives for not drinking because of indiffer­ence toward alcohol may be considered as protective factors against drinking and alcohol-related prob­lems among university students.Keywords: alcohol consumption, expectancies, motives, self-efficacy.15%; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">

scholarly journals The Presence Of Non-Drinking Parent Behavioral Model In A Family Prevents Adolescents From Social Alcohol

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galya D. Chamova ◽  
Georgi M. Sarov
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Parental Modeling ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Parental Alcohol

Summary Parental alcohol drinking is associated with an increased risk of alcohol consumption in adolescents and social drinking is often the first step to regular alcohol consumption. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between social drinking in adolescence and parental alcohol consumption. We conducted a survey, using a self-completed questionnaire about alcohol drinking habits. Of 903 students (aged 15-19), 279 (30.9%) were found to be abstainers (NDA) and 455 (50.39%) were social drinkers (SDA). These two groups were statistically compared for drinking patterns of their parents. It was found that SDA are fourfold less likely than NDA to have two alcohol abstaining parents (OR=0.26, 95%CI =0.19-0.37) and fourfold more likely to have two alcohol drinking parents (OR=3.89, 95%CI =2.77-5.45). There were no significant differences between SDA and NDA regarding probability to have one abstaining and one socially drinking parent, and SDA were less likely to have one abstaining and one regularly drinking parent (OR=0.54, 0.37-0.8). The social learning theory explains well adolescent drinking patterns when there is no contradiction in parental modeling. It seems, however, that the presence of contradicting patterns of parental alcohol drinking needs another explanation. Since contradicting parental modeling prevents adolescents from social drinking, it could be considered in health prevention intervention.

scholarly journals Intelligence, alcohol consumption, and adverse consequences. A study of young Norwegian men

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482094471
Author(s):  
Adrian F. Rogne ◽  
Willy Pedersen ◽  
Tilmann Von Soest
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Drinking Frequency ◽  
Lower Intelligence ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Scores ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Aims: Research suggests that intelligence is positively related to alcohol consumption. However, some studies of people born around 1950, particularly from Sweden, have reported that higher intelligence is associated with lower consumption and fewer alcohol-related problems. We investigated the relationships between intelligence, alcohol consumption, and adverse consequences of drinking in young men from Norway (a neighboring Scandinavian country) born in the late 1970s. Methods: This analysis was based on the population-based Young in Norway Longitudinal Study. Our sample included young men who had been followed from their mid-teens until their late 20s ( n = 1126). Measures included self-reported alcohol consumption/intoxication, alcohol use disorders (AUDIT), and a scale measuring adverse consequences of drinking. Controls included family background, parental bonding, and parents’ and peers’ drinking. Intelligence test scores—scaled in 9 “stanines” (population mean of 5 and standard deviation of 2)—were taken from conscription assessment. Results: Men with higher intelligence scores reported average drinking frequency and slightly fewer adverse consequences in their early 20s. In their late 20s, they reported more frequent drinking than men with lower intelligence scores (0.30 more occasions per week, per stanine, age adjusted; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0. 49). Intelligence was not associated with intoxication frequency at any age and did not moderate the relationships between drinking frequency and adverse consequences. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the relationship between intelligence and drinking frequency is age dependent. Discrepancies with earlier findings from Sweden may be driven by changes in drinking patterns.

scholarly journals Trends in older people’s drinking habits, Sweden 2004–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Raninen ◽  
Neda Agahi
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Drinking Occasion

Aims: To examine if and how the drinking habits of older people aged 60–79 years in Sweden have changed during 2004–2017, with a specific focus on age groups and gender. Data and measures: A Swedish, nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional telephone survey covering the years 2004–2017 ( n = 225,134) was used. Four aspects of alcohol consumption were investigated: proportion of alcohol consumers, frequency of drinking, amount per drinking occasion, and prevalence of heavy episodic drinking. Results: Three of the four measures investigated showed increases in alcohol consumption in the older age groups, particularly among women. Proportion of alcohol consumers, frequency of drinking and prevalence of heavy episodic drinking during the past month increased in most older age groups among both women and men, while the average amount per drinking occasion remained stable. Thus, total consumption in older age groups has increased over time, since the proportion of drinkers and the frequency of drinking has increased. Increases were particularly marked among women and in the age groups 70–74 and 75–79 years. In age groups below 60 years, these measures showed either declines or stability. Conclusions: There has been a steady increase in alcohol consumption across all the older age groups studied, which implies that the changing drinking habits are not isolated only to certain birth cohorts. Instead there seems to be a continuous shift in older people’s drinking habits which can be expected to continue. However, these increases are from very low levels, and older people’s drinking is still at modest levels. Public health implications must be studied further.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use and COVID-19: Can we Predict the Impact of the Pandemic on Alcohol Use Based on the Previous Crises in the 21st Century? A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Dib Gonçalves ◽  
Helena Ferreira Moura ◽  
Ricardo Abrantes do Amaral ◽  
João Maurício Castaldelli-Maia ◽  
André Malbergier
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Drinking To Cope ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

The enormous health and economic challenges precipitated by the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic are comparable or even greater than those associated with previous historical world crises. Alcohol use, especially drinking to cope with stress, is a concern, as an increase in its sales has been reported in some countries during the quarantine. This study aims to provide a better understanding of what to expect in terms of alcohol consumption, risk factors for excessive use, and its potential consequences during this pandemic based on previous experiences. We investigated how traumatic events related to alcohol consumption. Studies on mass traumatic events (i.e., terrorism as 9/11), epidemic outbreaks (i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS] in 2003), economic crises (such as 2008's Great Recession), and COVID-19 were selected. The main keywords used to select the studies were alcohol use, drinking patterns, alcohol use disorders, and alcohol-related consequences. Previous studies reported increases in alcohol use associated with those events mediated, at least partially, by anxiety and depressive symptoms, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Being male, young, and single also seems to be associated with a higher vulnerability to develop risky drinking behavior after those tragic events. The discussion of previous risk and protective factors can contribute to elaborate more specific public health policies to mitigate the impact of the current pandemic on people's mental health, especially alcohol-related problems.

scholarly journals Lockdown stress amid COVID-19 on Alcoholics and Drug addicts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madonna Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Physical Consequences ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems ◽  
Alcohol Alcohol

Alcohol consumption within the COVID-19 time may be a stress reliever. Loneliness and social distancing results in the increased use of alcohol. Alcohol consumption for endless period during the isolation has created new cases of disorders associated with alcohol use. Especially the increased risk of infection and deteriorating symptoms. Citizens should be properly trained about alcohol-related problems during this emergency period. The Coronavirus Disease pandemic has undoubtedly had a serious impact on the supply of physical healthcare worldwide. The psychological state impact of this pandemic can’t be underestimated, particularly of patients affected by addiction. Heightened public stress and anxiety levels, increasing isolation and therefore the physical consequences of addiction play an outsized role within the proliferation and ongoing relapse of substance misuse and behavioural addiction.

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