If alcohol policy measures would be given up altogether. Or how much alcohol Finns would be consuming as Central Europeans

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Esa Österberg ◽  
Thomas Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Alcohol Availability ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems ◽  
Alcohol Prices ◽  
Current Alcohol

A study estimating the changes in alcohol consumption and problems in Sweden was published in November 1993. Its purpose was to estimate changes in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems if the State alcohol retailing monopoly (Systembolaget) is modified (permits beer and wine sales in private grocery stores) or if the monopoly is eliminated entirely. Also, the effect of possible price changes on alcohol consumption was estimated. Two scenarios were considered: Swedish alcohol prices resembling approximately current alcohol prices in Denmark and, secondly, current alcohol prices approximating current alcohol prices in Germany. This article reviews the Swedish study and a similar study conducted in Norway. Similar estimates are calculated for Finland and the results are compared with other future predictions. According to different calculations the possible price changes will have a greater effect on consumption than increases in alcohol availability. If alcohol prices are decreased to the German level and if alcohol availability were in Finland like it is in Germany today, alcohol consumption would increase about 4 litres per capita. This would mean a mean per capita alcohol consumption of 11.5 litres a year.

scholarly journals Forecasting Alcohol Consumption in the Czech Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 2133-2140
Author(s):  
Tereza Slováčková ◽  
Naďa Birčiaková ◽  
Jana Stávková
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Pure Alcohol ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Current Alcohol

The paper deals with a forecast of developments in alcohol consumption based on current alcohol consumption per capita (expressed in litres of pure alcohol), and time series extrapolations. Alcohol consumption is to be considered from the vantage point of knowing the specifics of the product and the consequences of its excessive consumption. The predictive methodology makes use of the Box‑Jenkins method; the ARIMA model, taking into account the autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation process, which is a prerequisite for the successful identification of a time series model; model parameter estimation; appropriate transformations of time series; determining the order of differentiation and subsequent verification of the model. The chosen methodology for future trends in alcohol consumptions is a prerequisite for the proposed optional measures to control alcohol consumption in the Czech Republic. Due to the long term nature of the process to draw up and implement alcohol consumption regulation measures, the forecast covers the forthcoming 10 years.

scholarly journals Estimation of the level of alcohol consumption in Russia: A literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 013-016
Author(s):  
YE Razvodovsky
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Background: the level of alcohol consumption per capita is an important indicator of the alcohol-related problems. However, it is difficult to estimate the real level of alcohol consumption, since part of the consumption comes from illegal sources. Aim: an overview of studies estimating the overall level of alcohol consumption in Russia. Methods: in this review, 9 articles were analyzed estimating the overall level of alcohol consumption in Russia. Results: in the period from 1956 to 2015 the overall level of alcohol consumption was subject to significant fluctuations: it grew almost linearly in the period from 1965 to 1979; decreased markedly in 1981; declined sharply between 1984 and 1987; rose sharply between 1991 and 1994; decreased significantly between 1995 and 1998; then increased significantly in the period from 1999 to 2003, after which it began to decline. The lowest estimate of the level of alcohol consumption for the entire period under consideration was obtained using the method proposed by Razvodovsky (7.25 litres - 1987), and the highest - using the method proposed by Norstrom (19.64 litres - 1994). Conclusion: despite a significant decrease in the level of alcohol consumption in Russia over the past decade, this level remains high.

The Decline in Alcohol Consumption in Russia from 2006 to 2017: Do Birth Cohorts Matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Radaev ◽  
Yana Roshchina ◽  
Daria Salnikova
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Aim Previous studies on youth drinking showed opposite trends for high-income and low-income countries. In Russia, a recent decline was observed in the prevalence of alcohol use, particularly among younger cohorts. This study aims at disentangling age and birth cohort effects to better understand the dynamics of abstinence and the volume of alcohol consumption. Methods Data were collected from annual nationally representative panel surveys from 2006 to 2017. Data included 34,514 individuals aged 14–80. We estimated mixed-effects binary-choice models for percentage of abstainers and mixed-effects linear models with Heckman correction for alcohol volume. Integer variables of age and age-squared were used. Period was defined with a dummy variable using 2012 as the dividing line associated with a new Russian alcohol policy. Birth cohorts were defined as 13 groups from 1930–1939 to 2000–2003. Controls were per capita income, education, marital status, composition of households, body weight, ethnicity, residence type, regional per capita income and regional climate. Results In both genders, percentage of abstainers increased and drinking volumes declined. Age for both genders showed u-shaped trend for abstinence and inverse u-shaped trend for alcohol volume. Controlling for age effects, cohorts born after 1990 demonstrated the strongest increase in abstinence for both genders and the strongest decrease in alcohol volume for males. The period of 2012–2017 had the effect of increasing the abstinence and decreasing the alcohol volume. Conclusion Downward trend in alcohol consumption in Russia is partially attributable to increased abstinence and reduced alcohol volume among younger cohorts.

Alcohol consumption externalities: An impact of alcohol policies on crime rates

2018 ◽  
pp. 130-152
Author(s):  
M. G. Kolosnitsyna ◽  
N. A. Khorkina ◽  
A. Yu. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Home Accidents

Alcohol is traditionally considered by economists as an addictive good. Its consumption is often connected to irrational behaviours as well as negative external effects: growth of crime rates, traffic, occupational, and home accidents, fires. That is why most countries with high levels of alcohol consumption introduce special policy measures to reduce it and, as a result, its negative impact on society. In recent decade these policies were also adopted in Russia. This paper analyzes an impact of alcohol policy measures on crime rates. Empirical study is based on econometric analysis of panel data on Russian regions in 2003-2015. The results confirm effectiveness of temporal restrictions on alcohol sales in regard to juvenile and adult crime. Increasing price of vodka due to higher rates of excise tax reduces a number of crimes by teenagers. Meanwhile, price measures do not influence crime rates among adults.

Alcohol Policy in the Changing Eastern Europe

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhani Lehto
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems ◽  
Made In

Both alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems are, it is claimed, rapidly increasing problems in central and eastern Europe, due to the transition period. The article presents some available data and discusses the problems in making conclusions from rather inaccurate statistics. The second objective is to discuss the opportunities for effective alcohol policies, and the relevance of the studies made in established market economies, such as the Anglo-American and Scandinavian countries. An important condition for a control policy, the author concludes, is the re-establishment of a basic regulation of the alcohol market, now missing in these countries. Otherwise any policy measures will be ineffective or even counterproductive. The process will probably be different in different countries, due to differences in the economic restructuring and recovery, and to differences between the “beer”, “wine”, and “vodka” cultures.

scholarly journals Positioning Alcohol's Harm to others (AHTO) within Alcohol Research: A Reinvented Perspective with Mixed Policy Implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 487-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katariina Warpenius ◽  
Christoffer Tigerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Harm To Others ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Alcohol Related Harm ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Aims & Design This overview analyses the recent emergence of the concept of alcohols harm to others (AHTO) and the potential policy implications embedded in this research perspective. The overview is an account of ways in which recent alcohol research has grasped the kind of harm that goes beyond the drinker. It positions the dimensions of alcohol's harm to others as a research perspective in relation to other established research approaches to alcohol-related problems. Findings Several concepts presented within different disciplines have focused on how adverse consequences of drinking go beyond the individual drinker. However, the scientific discussion is still characterised by an obvious conceptual instability. Alongside the growing research interest in alcohol's harm to others there is a political discourse stressing the urgency of alcohol policy measures protecting innocent victims against damage from others' alcohol use. Conclusions In drawing attention to the interactional nature of alcohol-related harm, the AHTO perspective brings a novel syntagmatic and cross-cutting aspect to established traditions in alcohol research and forms a unique scientific approach. The AHTO perspective has the potential for creating a political will to move the alcohol policy agenda forward, but the question of a suitable and credible term is unresolved. Conceptually, the AHTO perspective is still in a state of flux, while politically it is loaded with considerable ambitions and interests related to causal attributions and ethical conclusions embedded in the research perspective.

Opportunities for Alcohol Policy in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 280-292
Author(s):  
Juhani Lehto
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Both alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems are, it is claimed, rapidly increasing problems in Central and Eastern Europe, due to the transition period. The article presents some available data and discusses the problems in making conclusions from rather inaccurate statistics. The second objective is to discuss the opportunities for effective alcohol policies, and the relevance of the studies made in established market economies, such as the Anglo-American and Scandinavian countries. An important condition for a control policy, the author concludes, is the re-establishment of a basic regulation of the alcohol market, now missing in these countries. Otherwise any policy measures will be ineffective or even counterproductive. The process will probably be different in different countries, due to differences in the economic restructuring and recovery, and to differences between the “beer”, “wine”, and “vodka” cultures.

Symptoms of Alcohol Dependence Predict Suicide Ideation Among Alaskan Undergraduates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Monica C. Skewes
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Abstract. Background: Previous research has demonstrated an association between alcohol-related problems and suicidal ideation (SI). Aims: The present study evaluated, simultaneously, alcohol consequences and symptoms of alcohol dependence as predictors of SI after adjusting for depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. Method: A sample of 298 Alaskan undergraduates completed survey measures, including the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory – II. The association between alcohol problems and SI status was evaluated using sequential logistic regression. Results: Symptoms of alcohol dependence (OR = 1.88, p < .05), but not alcohol-related consequences (OR = 1.01, p = .95), emerged as an independent predictor of SI status above and beyond depressive symptoms (OR = 2.39, p < .001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.08, p = .39). Conclusion: Alcohol dependence symptoms represented a unique risk for SI relative to alcohol-related consequences and alcohol consumption. Future research should examine the causal mechanism behind the relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidality among university students. Assessing the presence of dependence symptoms may improve the accuracy of identifying students at risk of SI.

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