Article

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 262-277
Author(s):  
Svanaug Fjær
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
The Impact

Svanaug Fjær: The European Union and Drug Policy. Integration through control and production of knowledge In this article the influence of EU initiatives on national drug policies is discussed with special attention paid to the separation between control and prevention in drug policy. At national levels, policy administration is separated between the ministries responsible for treatment and prevention and the ministries responsible for control and punishment. This separation is parallel to the division established by the pillar structure of the Treaty of the European Union. A study of the Europeanization processes at the central administration level in Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands showed that the growth in co-operative activity in the EU has been largest in the Ministries of Justice, while, due to establishment of focal points in the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), the growth in the health sector has happened in administrative bodies outside of the ministries. The networks which are developed and the means available are different in the justice and health sectors. In the third pillar (justice), practical and technical cooperation have developed in the form of EUROPOL and the Early Warning System on Synthetic Drugs. Sharing of information and the development of a common knowledge-base seems to be the basis of first-pillar (health) cooperation. In the three countries studied the Ministries of Health, which traditionally have had a central position at the national level, seem to have been allotted a less important role in the international co-operation. It is, however, argued that the impact of co-operation in the EM-CDDA should not be underestimated. Both common control and the development of a European base of knowledge contribute to the integration process in the drug field, but the premises for the process are set by the demand for control.

Legal aspects of protection of the financial interests of the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Marta Miedzińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scope Of Protection ◽  
The Eu

The foundations and the operating framework of the institutions of the European Union and its Member States are determined by legal acts established at the EU level. The legal bases at the EU level contain key standards in the scope of protection of the financial interests of the European Union and are the main determinants for the individual EU countries when their legal institutions create legal bases at the national level. The aim of this article is to present the main legal basis for the protection of the financial interests of the European Union at the EU level, which will help to examine the impact of these provisions on detecting irregularities and fraud in the EU.

Competitiveness and Economic Growth in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2408
Author(s):  
Natália ZAGORŠEKOVÁ ◽  
Michaela ČIEFOVÁ ◽  
Andrea ČAMBALÍKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Union Member States

The paper focuses on competitiveness at the national level and on the impact of competitiveness on economic growth. We look at the relationship between competitiveness and economic growth based on the data from the European Union member states. The competitiveness of the economies is measured by the Global Competitiveness Index, which is published by the World Economic Forum. The European Union member states show significant differences in competitiveness. In the sample examined, the positive relationship between the level of competitiveness and economic growth was not confirmed.

scholarly journals Evaluation Methods of the Impact of Structural and Cohesion Funds on Economic and Social Development at Regional and National Level

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Cristina Bătușaru ◽  
Amelia Bucur
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Analysis of the role and implications of the funds coming from the European Union have on the national economy is very complex and complicated at the same time, because of the multitude of issues and indicators that this process shapes and drives, depending on the source of funding, the modality of funding and on the destination for which it has been allocated. Using mathematical models to assess the impact of European funding on the national economy is paramount valuable as it brings important information that can be used by policy makers in decision making sewage inputs and financial resources, in view of adopting optimal economic policy

Metodologia badań nad komitologią w zakresie analizy wpływu jej funkcjonowania na treść prawa uchwalanego w Unii Europejskiej

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Weronika Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Fusion Theory ◽  
The Impact

The article presents methodological theories, application of which, when adopting the political and legal research perspective, makes it possible to analyse the impact of comitology on the shape of law adopted in the European Union. The author assumes that in consideration of equally complex decision-making centers as comitology committees, whose structural element is their location between two levels – the Community and the national level, it is impossible to limit to only one research method. The purpose of the article is an attempt to demonstrate that the most reasonable approach to comitology research is to use institutional and legal analysis, which is based on theoretical assumptions combining political and legal sciences and to supplement it to explain phenomena occurring within the comitology committees by applying the assumptions of the theory PAT (Principal–Agent Theory), the Scharpf’s theory of legitimacy of power, Wessels’s fusion theory and analysis of empirical data. This approach is designed to enable the examination of normative acts, in which legal basis of functioning of the comitology institutions (i.e. the EU founding treaties, comitology regulations and judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union), as well as to highlight a number of issues relevant to the practical aspect of the functioning of comitology committees.

scholarly journals The social and educational dimension of the European Union sport policy and the impact at national level

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Σταυρούλα Σακκά
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Η παρούσα εργασία προσπαθεί να αναλύσει τις επιπτώσεις της Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκλήρωσης στην χάραξη της αθλητικής πολιτικής που σχετίζεται με την κοινωνική και εκπαιδευτική πτυχή του αθλητισμού και να διαπιστώσει πώς και σε ποιό επίπεδο οι πρωτοβουλίες της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (Ε.Ε.), όπως αυτές προτείνονται στη Λευκή Βίβλο για τον Αθλητισμό, εφαρμόζονται σε εθνικό επίπεδο. Ο στόχος είναι να προσδιοριστούν οι πιέσεις της Ε.Ε., οι μηχανισμοί και ο βαθμός της αλλαγής σε εθνικό επίπεδο, υπό το πρίσμα της νέας αρμοδιότητας της Ε.Ε. στον τομέα του αθλητισμού μετά την επικύρωση της Συνθήκης της Λισαβόνας. Αυτό θα επιτευχθεί με τη χρήση του Εξευρωπαϊσμού ως οριζόντια διαδικασία «πολιτικής μάθησης» και θα αποτελέσει το θεωρητικό πλαισίο για τη μελέτη της επιδρασης της Ε.Ε. στην περίπτωση της Ελλάδας. Παρουσιάζεται μια ιστορική αναδρομή στις Ευρωπαϊκές πολιτικές εξελίξεις στον τομέα του αθλητισμου από το 1985. Διερευνάται ο ρόλος των θεσμικών οργάνων της Ε.Ε. που σχετίζονται με την χαραξη της αθλητικής πολιτικής, ενώ παρατίθεται μια επιστημονική αιτιολογία για την διαμόρφωση της πολιτικής ατζέντας για τον αθλητισμό και τη συμμετοχή των ενδιαφερόμενων φορέων του αθλητισμού σε ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο. Παρουσιάζεται το θεσμικό πλαίσιο της ελληνικής αθλητικής πολιτικής με ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον στον κοινωνικό και εκπαιδευτικό τομέα. Σχετικά με τη μεθοδολογία, η έρευνα αφορά στην περίοδο εφαρμογής των πρωτοβουλιών της Λευκής Βίβλου για τον Αθλητισμό 2007-2013. Πρόκειται για μια μελέτη περίπτωσης όπου γίνεται ποιοτική ανάλυση των εργαλείων ήπιας πολιτικής και νομοθέτησης της Ε.Ε., των πρωτογενών και δευτερογενών πηγών πληροφόρησης όπως είναι τα ευρωπαϊκά και εθνικά έγγραφα και οι συνεντεύξεις με πρόσωπα-κλειδιά χάραξης της αθλητικής πολιτικής. Ενώ κάποιος βαθμός εξευρωπαϊσμού είναι εμφανής στην περίπτωση της Ελλάδας, που αφορά στις ευκαιρίες χρηματοδότησης του αθλητισμού, τη μεταφορά γνώσης και διάδοσης πολιτικών πρακτικών μέσω της συνεργασίας των Κρατών Μελών, το δομημένο διάλογο, τη δικτύωση και την υιοθέτηση των γενικών στόχων πολιτικής της Ε.Ε. για τον αθλητισμό, παρατηρείται ότι οι προτιμήσεις, οι αξίες και οι δράσεις των εθνικών προσώπων της αθλητικής πολιτικής αποτελούν καθοριστικό παράγοντα για την έκβαση του Εξευρωπαϊσμού στην Ελλάδα.

Information technology law and health systems in the European Union

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-508
Author(s):  
Elias Mossialos ◽  
Sarah Thomson ◽  
Annemarie Ter Linden
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
European Union ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: This study aims to examine the impact of European Union (EU) law relating to information technology (IT) on health systems.Methods: The study identifies EU directives relating to IT, analyzes them in terms of their impact on the use of IT in health systems, and outlines their implications for health technology assessment (HTA). Analysis is based on a review of literature identified through relevant databases and Internet searches.Results: Developments in IT have serious implications for EU health systems, presenting policy makers with new challenges. The European Commission has adopted a range of legal measures to protect consumers in the “information society” However, as few of them are health-specific, it is not evident that they have implications for health, health systems, or HTA, and they may not be effective in protecting consumers in the health sector.Conclusions: In light of the growing importance of IT in the health sector, legal and nonlegal measures need to be further developed at EU and international level. Where possible, future initiatives should pay attention to the particular characteristics of health goods and services and health systems. Although definitions of HTA usually recognize the importance of evaluating both the indirect, unintended consequences of health technologies and the legal aspects of their application, it seems that, in practice, HTA often overlooks or underestimates legislative matters. Those involved in HTA should be aware of the legal implications of using IT to provide health goods and services and compile, store, transfer, and disseminate health information electronically.

Cryptocurrency unshadowing: European Union legislation innovations and their implications for the domestic market

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Dаria Panfilova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
European Union Legislation ◽  
The Impact

Problem setting. In modern conditions special consideration is attracted to the global discussion related to the nature and unshadowing of cryptocurrencies. One of the most relevant topics for discussion in the cryptocurrency space is the future legal regulation of this sphere and the necessity of tight control of financial institutions in the cryptocurrency trading. Nowadays on the territory of Ukraine the legal regulation of the cryptocurrency sphere remains unresolved, effective legislative changes have not been adopted yet. However, some consensus has already been reached on the territory of the European Union in the field of the legal regulation of cryptocurrencies reformation, which causes unconditional interest for Ukrainian scientists and businesses. Based on the stated above, the purpose of the article is to analyze the legal regulation of cryptocurrency unshadowing in the European Union in order to identify the most effective mechanisms for its adaptation into the domestic legal framework. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Some aspects of the legal regulation of the domestic legislation reformation in the sphere of cryptocurrencies have become the subject of scientific research of such authors as Burkovskaya A. V., Varnavsky A. V., Vasilevskaya L. Yu., Kravchenko L. M., Kud A. A., Kucheryavenko N. P., Lizunova A. N., Lunkin T. I., Perebinis M. G., Smychok E. N., and others. At the same time, comprehensive studies of the European Union legislation innovations in the sphere of the cryptocurrency unshadowing and the impact of the reformed legal EU regulation on national legislation of Ukraine is not carried out, that fact actualizes the theme of the article and further research and development. Article’s main body. European leaders today have reached the consensus on the issue that innovative technologies, which are the basis of cryptocurrencies, have the potential to increase the efficiency of the financial system and the economy as a whole, both at the national level and across the European Union. At the same time, European experts have not yet formed a unified approach to the nature and legal status of virtual currency. Scientists argue that increasingly virtual (fiat) currencies are used to finance terrorism through transaction anonymity, so the European Union introduces additional monitoring of virtual currencies and transactions, legalized in Directive (EU) 2018/843, which was analyzed in the article. Repeated attempts to legalize digital assets in Ukraine were made by the legislator, however, none of the bills has been adopted and so far the only regulatory act that would resolve the issues of the cryptocurrencies’ legalization and effective measures to unshadow them have not been adopted, which, in turn, requires the intensification of the legislators’ activities, given the rapid development of cryptocurrencies and innovations. Conclusions and prospects for development. The study showed multivariate interpretations of the legal text of the Directive (EU) 2018/843 by member-countries, as well as the presence of a hidden control regime that goes beyond the needs of the document. At the same time, the Directive (EU) 2018/843 is intended to become an effective regulator of legal relations in the sphere of cryptocurrencies and requires its gradual implementation in the legislation of Ukraine in order to fulfill the international legal obligations of our state.

The Mental Health and Social Exclusion European Network

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Leonori ◽  
Manuel Muñoz ◽  
Carmelo Vázquez ◽  
José J. Vázquez ◽  
Mary Fe Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
World Federation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Homeless Mentally Ill ◽  
The Impact

This report concerns the activities developed by the Mental Health and Social Exclusion (MHSE) Network, an initiative supported by the Mental Health Europe (World Federation of Mental Health). We report some data from the preliminary survey done in five capital cities of the European Union (Madrid, Copenhagen, Brussels, Lisbon, and Rome). The main aim of this survey was to investigate, from a mostly qualitative point of view, the causal and supportive factors implicated in the situation of the homeless mentally ill in Europe. The results point out the familial and childhood roots of homelessness, the perceived causes of the situation, the relationships with the support services, and the expectations of future of the homeless mentally ill. The analysis of results has helped to identify the different variables implicated in the social rupture process that influences homelessness in major European cities. The results were used as the basis for the design of a more ambitious current research project about the impact of the medical and psychosocial interventions in the homeless. This project is being developed in 10 capital cities of the European Union with a focus on the program and outcome evaluation of the health and psychosocial services for the disadvantaged.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document