Metodologia badań nad komitologią w zakresie analizy wpływu jej funkcjonowania na treść prawa uchwalanego w Unii Europejskiej

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Weronika Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Fusion Theory ◽  
The Impact

The article presents methodological theories, application of which, when adopting the political and legal research perspective, makes it possible to analyse the impact of comitology on the shape of law adopted in the European Union. The author assumes that in consideration of equally complex decision-making centers as comitology committees, whose structural element is their location between two levels – the Community and the national level, it is impossible to limit to only one research method. The purpose of the article is an attempt to demonstrate that the most reasonable approach to comitology research is to use institutional and legal analysis, which is based on theoretical assumptions combining political and legal sciences and to supplement it to explain phenomena occurring within the comitology committees by applying the assumptions of the theory PAT (Principal–Agent Theory), the Scharpf’s theory of legitimacy of power, Wessels’s fusion theory and analysis of empirical data. This approach is designed to enable the examination of normative acts, in which legal basis of functioning of the comitology institutions (i.e. the EU founding treaties, comitology regulations and judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union), as well as to highlight a number of issues relevant to the practical aspect of the functioning of comitology committees.

Legal aspects of protection of the financial interests of the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Marta Miedzińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scope Of Protection ◽  
The Eu

The foundations and the operating framework of the institutions of the European Union and its Member States are determined by legal acts established at the EU level. The legal bases at the EU level contain key standards in the scope of protection of the financial interests of the European Union and are the main determinants for the individual EU countries when their legal institutions create legal bases at the national level. The aim of this article is to present the main legal basis for the protection of the financial interests of the European Union at the EU level, which will help to examine the impact of these provisions on detecting irregularities and fraud in the EU.

Competitiveness and Economic Growth in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2408
Author(s):  
Natália ZAGORŠEKOVÁ ◽  
Michaela ČIEFOVÁ ◽  
Andrea ČAMBALÍKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Union Member States

The paper focuses on competitiveness at the national level and on the impact of competitiveness on economic growth. We look at the relationship between competitiveness and economic growth based on the data from the European Union member states. The competitiveness of the economies is measured by the Global Competitiveness Index, which is published by the World Economic Forum. The European Union member states show significant differences in competitiveness. In the sample examined, the positive relationship between the level of competitiveness and economic growth was not confirmed.

scholarly journals Evaluation Methods of the Impact of Structural and Cohesion Funds on Economic and Social Development at Regional and National Level

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Cristina Bătușaru ◽  
Amelia Bucur
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Analysis of the role and implications of the funds coming from the European Union have on the national economy is very complex and complicated at the same time, because of the multitude of issues and indicators that this process shapes and drives, depending on the source of funding, the modality of funding and on the destination for which it has been allocated. Using mathematical models to assess the impact of European funding on the national economy is paramount valuable as it brings important information that can be used by policy makers in decision making sewage inputs and financial resources, in view of adopting optimal economic policy

Eficacitatea măsurilor adoptate de Uniunea Europeană pentru sprijinirea statelor membre în perioada pandemiei de Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2020) ◽  
pp. 242-255
Author(s):  
Mihaela-Augustina DUMITRAȘCU ◽  
◽  
Oana-Mihaela SALOMIA
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Member States ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Restrictive Measures

"The European Union has faced an unprecedented health crisis in recent months, followed by a major economic crisis for member states. In accordance with the competences assigned to it by the Member States, the Union has acted in the medical, economic and financial fields, providing financial and logistical support to the Member States, however, at the beginning of the pandemic, it was observed that the Union faced at least two sensitive issues, namely the lack of visibility of its actions and the reaction of some Member States or acceding countries that were “abandoned” in the fight against the virus. Gradually, the Union institutions have begun to take concrete and effective measures, with a positive impact on both health and economic levels. At the same time, given that many Member States have triggered a state of emergency at national level which has involved, inter alia, the restriction of certain rights and freedoms, the European institutions have adopted certain similar restrictive measures, in particular movements of goods and persons; these restrictions must comply with the specific provisions of primary and secondary Union law, as well as the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. In conclusion, from the point of view of the legal analysis of the construction of the Union, it is important to follow the outlines of reflections on overcoming this crisis and how they will lead to the revision of the EU Treaties both in terms of institutional structure and competence."

scholarly journals EXPANDING THE POWERS OF THE TURKEY’S PRESIDENT: NEW LEGAL ORDER AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
E. R. Ahmedova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Head Of Government ◽  
The Impact

The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the articles of the Constitution of Turkey in 1982 and amendments to it in the executive branch, which were submitted to the national referendum of Turkey in 2017. The consequences of the constitutional reform on the further democratic development of Turkey are analyzed, as well as the possible transformation of Turkey into a country with an authoritarian form of government. The article examines the work of Turkish and foreign researchers on the impact of the new political system on the independence of all branches of government, and analyzes the international legal position of the European Union on constitutional changes in the context of fulfilling the Copenhagen criteria for Turkey’s membership in the European Union and the possibility of closing negotiations on Turkey’s accession to the European Union. It is stated that under the 1982 constitution, Turkey was a parliamentary republic in which real power belonged to the head of government, and the country’s president performed mainly representative functions. The latest amendments to Turkey’s basic law were made after a referendum on September 12, 2010 to bring it in line with European Union standards. The referendum began the demilitarization of the 1982 constitution and changed the foundations of Turkish statehood, laid in the 1920s by the founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. In particular, the influence of the army on the political and social life of the country has decreased. It is said that by applying draconian laws and judicial repression the President seeks to reduce the influence of the democratic opposition, which will not have the courage or ability to challenge the growing authoritarianism in the country. For this reason, the party’s legal regime combines the full subordination of the judiciary to the executive with a combination of strategies to use judicial repression to demobilize all sources of opposition and to suppress any possible alternatives within the current political bloc.

scholarly journals The social and educational dimension of the European Union sport policy and the impact at national level

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Σταυρούλα Σακκά
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Η παρούσα εργασία προσπαθεί να αναλύσει τις επιπτώσεις της Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκλήρωσης στην χάραξη της αθλητικής πολιτικής που σχετίζεται με την κοινωνική και εκπαιδευτική πτυχή του αθλητισμού και να διαπιστώσει πώς και σε ποιό επίπεδο οι πρωτοβουλίες της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (Ε.Ε.), όπως αυτές προτείνονται στη Λευκή Βίβλο για τον Αθλητισμό, εφαρμόζονται σε εθνικό επίπεδο. Ο στόχος είναι να προσδιοριστούν οι πιέσεις της Ε.Ε., οι μηχανισμοί και ο βαθμός της αλλαγής σε εθνικό επίπεδο, υπό το πρίσμα της νέας αρμοδιότητας της Ε.Ε. στον τομέα του αθλητισμού μετά την επικύρωση της Συνθήκης της Λισαβόνας. Αυτό θα επιτευχθεί με τη χρήση του Εξευρωπαϊσμού ως οριζόντια διαδικασία «πολιτικής μάθησης» και θα αποτελέσει το θεωρητικό πλαισίο για τη μελέτη της επιδρασης της Ε.Ε. στην περίπτωση της Ελλάδας. Παρουσιάζεται μια ιστορική αναδρομή στις Ευρωπαϊκές πολιτικές εξελίξεις στον τομέα του αθλητισμου από το 1985. Διερευνάται ο ρόλος των θεσμικών οργάνων της Ε.Ε. που σχετίζονται με την χαραξη της αθλητικής πολιτικής, ενώ παρατίθεται μια επιστημονική αιτιολογία για την διαμόρφωση της πολιτικής ατζέντας για τον αθλητισμό και τη συμμετοχή των ενδιαφερόμενων φορέων του αθλητισμού σε ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο. Παρουσιάζεται το θεσμικό πλαίσιο της ελληνικής αθλητικής πολιτικής με ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον στον κοινωνικό και εκπαιδευτικό τομέα. Σχετικά με τη μεθοδολογία, η έρευνα αφορά στην περίοδο εφαρμογής των πρωτοβουλιών της Λευκής Βίβλου για τον Αθλητισμό 2007-2013. Πρόκειται για μια μελέτη περίπτωσης όπου γίνεται ποιοτική ανάλυση των εργαλείων ήπιας πολιτικής και νομοθέτησης της Ε.Ε., των πρωτογενών και δευτερογενών πηγών πληροφόρησης όπως είναι τα ευρωπαϊκά και εθνικά έγγραφα και οι συνεντεύξεις με πρόσωπα-κλειδιά χάραξης της αθλητικής πολιτικής. Ενώ κάποιος βαθμός εξευρωπαϊσμού είναι εμφανής στην περίπτωση της Ελλάδας, που αφορά στις ευκαιρίες χρηματοδότησης του αθλητισμού, τη μεταφορά γνώσης και διάδοσης πολιτικών πρακτικών μέσω της συνεργασίας των Κρατών Μελών, το δομημένο διάλογο, τη δικτύωση και την υιοθέτηση των γενικών στόχων πολιτικής της Ε.Ε. για τον αθλητισμό, παρατηρείται ότι οι προτιμήσεις, οι αξίες και οι δράσεις των εθνικών προσώπων της αθλητικής πολιτικής αποτελούν καθοριστικό παράγοντα για την έκβαση του Εξευρωπαϊσμού στην Ελλάδα.

Article

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 262-277
Author(s):  
Svanaug Fjær
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
The Impact

Svanaug Fjær: The European Union and Drug Policy. Integration through control and production of knowledge In this article the influence of EU initiatives on national drug policies is discussed with special attention paid to the separation between control and prevention in drug policy. At national levels, policy administration is separated between the ministries responsible for treatment and prevention and the ministries responsible for control and punishment. This separation is parallel to the division established by the pillar structure of the Treaty of the European Union. A study of the Europeanization processes at the central administration level in Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands showed that the growth in co-operative activity in the EU has been largest in the Ministries of Justice, while, due to establishment of focal points in the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), the growth in the health sector has happened in administrative bodies outside of the ministries. The networks which are developed and the means available are different in the justice and health sectors. In the third pillar (justice), practical and technical cooperation have developed in the form of EUROPOL and the Early Warning System on Synthetic Drugs. Sharing of information and the development of a common knowledge-base seems to be the basis of first-pillar (health) cooperation. In the three countries studied the Ministries of Health, which traditionally have had a central position at the national level, seem to have been allotted a less important role in the international co-operation. It is, however, argued that the impact of co-operation in the EM-CDDA should not be underestimated. Both common control and the development of a European base of knowledge contribute to the integration process in the drug field, but the premises for the process are set by the demand for control.

Cryptocurrency unshadowing: European Union legislation innovations and their implications for the domestic market

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Dаria Panfilova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
European Union Legislation ◽  
The Impact

Problem setting. In modern conditions special consideration is attracted to the global discussion related to the nature and unshadowing of cryptocurrencies. One of the most relevant topics for discussion in the cryptocurrency space is the future legal regulation of this sphere and the necessity of tight control of financial institutions in the cryptocurrency trading. Nowadays on the territory of Ukraine the legal regulation of the cryptocurrency sphere remains unresolved, effective legislative changes have not been adopted yet. However, some consensus has already been reached on the territory of the European Union in the field of the legal regulation of cryptocurrencies reformation, which causes unconditional interest for Ukrainian scientists and businesses. Based on the stated above, the purpose of the article is to analyze the legal regulation of cryptocurrency unshadowing in the European Union in order to identify the most effective mechanisms for its adaptation into the domestic legal framework. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Some aspects of the legal regulation of the domestic legislation reformation in the sphere of cryptocurrencies have become the subject of scientific research of such authors as Burkovskaya A. V., Varnavsky A. V., Vasilevskaya L. Yu., Kravchenko L. M., Kud A. A., Kucheryavenko N. P., Lizunova A. N., Lunkin T. I., Perebinis M. G., Smychok E. N., and others. At the same time, comprehensive studies of the European Union legislation innovations in the sphere of the cryptocurrency unshadowing and the impact of the reformed legal EU regulation on national legislation of Ukraine is not carried out, that fact actualizes the theme of the article and further research and development. Article’s main body. European leaders today have reached the consensus on the issue that innovative technologies, which are the basis of cryptocurrencies, have the potential to increase the efficiency of the financial system and the economy as a whole, both at the national level and across the European Union. At the same time, European experts have not yet formed a unified approach to the nature and legal status of virtual currency. Scientists argue that increasingly virtual (fiat) currencies are used to finance terrorism through transaction anonymity, so the European Union introduces additional monitoring of virtual currencies and transactions, legalized in Directive (EU) 2018/843, which was analyzed in the article. Repeated attempts to legalize digital assets in Ukraine were made by the legislator, however, none of the bills has been adopted and so far the only regulatory act that would resolve the issues of the cryptocurrencies’ legalization and effective measures to unshadow them have not been adopted, which, in turn, requires the intensification of the legislators’ activities, given the rapid development of cryptocurrencies and innovations. Conclusions and prospects for development. The study showed multivariate interpretations of the legal text of the Directive (EU) 2018/843 by member-countries, as well as the presence of a hidden control regime that goes beyond the needs of the document. At the same time, the Directive (EU) 2018/843 is intended to become an effective regulator of legal relations in the sphere of cryptocurrencies and requires its gradual implementation in the legislation of Ukraine in order to fulfill the international legal obligations of our state.

scholarly journals THE PROCESSES OF EMIGRATION FROM LITHUANIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION / EMIGRACIJOS IŠ LIETUVOS PROCESAI EKONOMIKOS GLOBALIZACIJOS SĄLYGOMIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-237
Author(s):  
Indrė Naulickaitė ◽  
Borisas Melnikas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Migration Theories ◽  
The Impact

International migration is an integral part of globalization: the twenty-first century is even called the “age of migration”. Although international migration has existed for a long time before the age of globalization, global migration volume, speed and complexity during this time, has become unprecedented. Lithuania is attributed to countries where migration flows are particularly large currently. The country’s negative international net migration for 1000 persons is one of the largest in the European Union. Assessing the impact of emigration on the country, researchers express ambiguous attitude and identifies both positive and negative aspects of this phenomenon. However, it is emphasized that intensive growing emigration threatens both the social and economic stability of the country. So both scientific and practical aspect is important to investigate the emigration from Lithuania processes and assess determinants of emigration from Lithuania. Using the scientific literature analysis, comparison, systematization, classification, generalization it was found that there are no single definitions of migration and emigration. Concepts of these phenomena vary depending on the context, in which they are interpreted. There is no single universal theory of migration which would fully explain the process of migration and determinants of emigration. Migration theories investigate this process at different levels, certain parts, emphasizing one or another aspect. It should be noted that migration theories should be seen not as alternatives, but as complementary theories. Determinants of emigration are very diverse and can be classified into various groups. Using the analytical method of dynamic lines, it was found that the migration situation in the European Union countries has been quite uneven for the period of 1998–2013. Higher number of emigrants than immigrants in Lithuania was every year of analyzed period. The analysis of emigration dynamics showed that emigration flows from Lithuania were uneven. Tarptautinė migracija – neatskiriama globalizacijos dalis: XXI a. net vadinamas „migracijos amžiumi“. Nors tarptautinė migracija ilgą laiką egzistavo ir prieš globalizacijos amžių, pasaulinės migracijos apimtis, greitis ir kompleksiškumas jo metu tapo beprecedentis. Lietuva priskiriama šalims, kuriose šiuo metu vyrauja itin dideli emigracijos srautai. Šalies neigiamas tarptautinės migracijos saldo, tenkantis 1000-iui gyventojų – vienas didžiausių Europos Sąjungoje. Vertinant emigracijos poveikį šaliai, mokslinėje literatūroje išreiškiamas nevienareikšmiškas požiūris ir nurodomi tiek teigiami, tiek neigiami šio reiškinio aspektai. Vis dėlto pabrėžiama, kad intensyviai augantys emigracijos mastai kelia grėsmę tiek socialiniam, tiek ekonominiam šalies stabilumui. Tiek moksliniu, tiek praktiniu aspektu svarbu tirti emigracijos iš Lietuvos procesus ir įvertinti pagrindinius veiksnius, lemiančius sprendimą emigruoti. Naudojant mokslinės literatūros analizę, lyginimą, sisteminimą, klasifikaciją, apibendrinimą nustatyta, kad nėra vieno sąvokų migracija ir emigracija apibrėžimo, o šių reiškinių sampratos kinta priklausomai nuo konteksto, kuriuose yra aiškinamos. Nėra vienos universalios migracijos teorijos, visapusiškai paaiškinančios migracijos procesą ir migraciją lemiančius veiksnius. Migraciją aiškinančios teorijos šį procesą nagrinėja skirtingais lygmenimis, tam tikromis dalimis, akcentuodamos vieną ar kitą aspektą. Pažymėtina, kad migracijos teorijas reikėtų vertinti ne kaip alternatyvas, o kaip viena kitą papildančias teorijas. Emigraciją lemiantys veiksniai yra labai įvairūs bei gali būti klasifikuojami į įvairias grupes. Nustatyta, kad migracijos situacija Europos Sąjungos šalyse 1998–2013 metų laikotarpiu buvo gana nevienoda. Didesnis emigrantų nei imigrantų skaičius Lietuvai buvo būdingas kiekvienais analizuojamo laikotarpio metais. Emigrantų iš Lietuvos srautai analizuojamu laikotarpiu kito gana netolygiai.

scholarly journals A Comparative Legal Analysis of the Right of Association in Trade Unions in Ukraine and the Countries of the European Union

Teisė ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Serhii Kaplin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Right

The constitutional regulation of the status of trade unions in Ukraine has incorporated all international standards and, in comparison with some constitutions of the states of the European Union, contains detailed regulation of this right. The effective functioning of the institution of trade unions can have a significant impact not only on the protection of the social and economic rights of workers in the process of interaction with employers, but also influence the public authorities in order to optimize the implementation of social policy at the national level and reduce social tension.

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