The indirect effects of Instagram images on women’s self-esteem: The moderating roles of BMI and perceived weight

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110299
Author(s):  
Karikarn Chansiri ◽  
Thipkanok Wongphothiphan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Media Images ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Perceived Weight ◽  
Appearance Comparison ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Comparison Measurements

Viewing idealized social media images may negatively impact women’s self-esteem, yet the underlying mechanisms and vulnerable female groups remain under-investigated. This online experiment applied a posttest-only, between-subjects design to examine the interaction effects of viewing #fitspiration and #thinspiration Instagram images, body mass index, and perceived weight on women’s self-esteem ( N = 221) via appearance comparison. A moderated moderated mediation analysis (MMMA) shows significant effects for fitspiration and thinspiration conditions. Fitspiration pictures predicted lower self-esteem among Overweight women with perceived healthy weight (OH) than healthy weight women with perceived healthy weight (HH) and those with perceived overweight (HO). Thinspiration images resulted in lower self-esteem among HO than HH and OH. Implications include the importance of subjective and objective appearance comparison measurements, effect sizes of idealized social media images, the usefulness of MMMA, and the call for an Instagram literacy program.

scholarly journals Effects of Multivitamin-Mineral Supplementation on Mental Health Among Young Adults (OR15-03-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Jennifer Becnel ◽  
Sabrina Trudo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives The percentage of young adults who had mental illnesses has increased from 2008 to 2015. However, few existing studies investigating the potential benefits of multivitamin-mineral (MVM) supplementation on mental health focused on young adults (18–24 years of age), whose eating behaviors are often unhealthy. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a MVM supplement on mental health in young adults. Methods Sixty-six college students (Mage = 20.66, SD = 1.83; 84.8% female) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants consumed either a MVM supplement or a placebo for 30 days. The supplement contained B Vitamins, Vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Abbreviated Dysregulation Inventory (ADI) were used to assess participants’ symptoms of anxiety, depression, and impulsivity/dysregulation at baseline and on day 30. ADI explored three aspects of dysregulation (behavioral, cognitive, and affective). Participants also self-reported their self-esteem, and their height and weight were recorded using standardized protocols by trained staff. Results Compared to placebo-controlled group, the MVM supplementation group showed a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in self-esteem level, CES-D, and ADI. However, closer examination based on effect sizes revealed moderate effects of MVM supplementation on behavioral dysregulation (r = 0.55) and cognitive dysregulation (r = 0.13). Conclusions The 30-day MVM supplementation may have a beneficial effect on young adults’ anxiety symptoms. Although other outcomes presented no significant difference between pretest score and posttest score, some of them indicated relatively moderate effect sizes, and future work should replicate with larger samples. Funding Sources Becnel, J.N. (PI), Trudo, S.P. (Co-PI). Effects of Multivitamin-Mineral Supplementation on Psychosocial and Physical Health in Young Adults with Excess Weight and of Healthy Weight. Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. 05/01/17 – 04/30/19. $150,000.

Social media is not real life: The effect of attaching disclaimer-type labels to idealized social media images on women’s body image and mood

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 4311-4328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Fardouly ◽  
Elise Holland
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Media Images ◽  
Women's Body Image ◽  
Positive Impression ◽  
Appearance Comparison ◽  
The Impact

This online experimental study examined the impact of viewing disclaimer comments attached to idealized social media images on 18- to 25-year-old American women’s ( N = 164) body dissatisfaction, mood, and perceptions of the target. Furthermore, this study also tested whether thin ideal internalization or appearance comparison tendency moderated any effect. Viewing idealized images taken from social media had a negative influence on women’s body image, with or without the presence of disclaimers. Disclaimer comments also had no impact on women’s mood. They did, however, impact perceptions of the target, with women forming a less positive impression of the target if she attached disclaimer comments to her social media images. Thus, the results of this study suggest that the use of disclaimer comments or labels on social media may be ineffective at reducing women’s body dissatisfaction.

A Meta-Analysis of Heavyweight and Self-Esteem

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol T. Miller ◽  
Kathryn T. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Perceived Weight

This study is a meta-analysis of the relation of heavyweight and self-esteem. We examined this relation in studies thatfocused on participants' actual body weight (assessed by physical measures or self-reports of weight and height) and studies thatfocused on self-perceived degree of heavyweight or body dissatisfaction. The overall mean effect size was moderate (r = -.18, d = -.36), with lower self-esteem associated with heavier weight. The correlation between self-esteem and weight was higher for studies of self-perceived weight than for studies of actual weight. Consistent with predictions about cultural and group differences, effect sizes were smaller for low socioeconomic status (SES) samples, ethnic minority samples, and nonclinical samples than for high SES, nonminority, and clinical samples, respectively. In addition, effect sizes were larger for women than for men and for high school and college students than for children. Discussion centered on cultural, group, and individual differences that may influence the consequences on self-esteem of violating standards for appropriate body weight.

scholarly journals A Sequential Path Model Testing: Emotional Intelligence, Resilient Coping and Self-Esteem as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms during Unemployment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
María Angeles Peláez-Fernández ◽  
Lourdes Rey ◽  
Natalio Extremera
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The unemployment rate has dramatically increased in southern Europe in the last decade. Although it is well-known that unemployment impairs mental health, the specific roles of personal resources like emotional intelligence (EI) and potential underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Prior studies have shown that resilience and self-esteem are mediators in the link between EI and mental health. The present study aims to bridge these gaps by testing a sequential path model. Specifically, we propose that EI is associated with lower depressive symptoms, which is explained by higher resilient coping strategies and a resulting increased self-esteem among unemployed individuals. A sample of Spanish unemployed persons completed measures of EI, resilience, self-esteem and depression. The results showed that higher levels of EI were positively associated with resilience and self-esteem and negatively related to depressive symptoms. Path analyses showed that resilience and self-esteem mediated the relation between EI and depression in sequence. These findings suggest that EI plays a key role in promoting mental health and provide preliminary evidence regarding potential mechanisms through which EI contributes to mental health during unemployment. Implications for assessing the absence of these positive resources in developing effective job search programs geared toward promoting mental health and re-employment are discussed.

scholarly journals The Influence of Friends on Teen Vaping: A Mixed-Methods Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6784
Author(s):  
Allison L. Groom ◽  
Thanh-Huyen T. Vu ◽  
Robyn L. Landry ◽  
Anshula Kesh ◽  
Joy L. Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Sources Of Information

Vaping is popular among adolescents. Previous research has explored sources of information and influence on youth vaping, including marketing, ads, family, peers, social media, and the internet. This research endeavors to expand understanding of peer influence. Our hypothesis is that friends’ influence on teen vapers’ first electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use varies by demographic variables and awareness of ENDS advertising. In August–October 2017, youth (n = 3174) aged 13–18 completed an online survey to quantify ENDS behaviors and attitudes and were invited to participate in follow-up online research in November-December 2017 to probe qualitative context around perceptions and motivations (n = 76). This analysis focused on the ENDS users, defined as having ever tried any ENDS product, from the survey (n = 1549) and the follow-up research (n = 39). Among survey respondents, friends were the most common source of vapers’ first ENDS product (60%). Most survey respondents tried their first ENDS product while “hanging out with friends” (54%). Among follow-up research participants, the theme of socializing was also prominent. ENDS advertising and marketing through social media had a strong association with friend networks; in fact, the odds of friends as source of the first vaping experience were 2 times higher for those who had seen ENDS ads on social media compared with other types of media. The influence of friends is particularly evident among non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics/Latinos, those living in urban areas, those living in high-income households, those with higher self-esteem, and those who experiment with vaping. These findings support the premise that peer influence is a primary social influencer and reinforcer for vaping. Being included in a popular activity appears to be a strong driving force.

Competitive Memory Training (COMET) for Low Self-Esteem in Patients with Personality Disorders: A Randomized Effectiveness Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees Korrelboom ◽  
Marlies Marissen ◽  
Tanja van Assendelft
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Mental Health Institution ◽  
Intermediate Effect

Background: Self-esteem is a major concern in the treatment of patients with personality disorders in general. In patients with borderline personality disorder, low self-esteem is associated with factors contributing to suicidal and self-injurious behaviour. At the moment there are no well-proven interventions that specifically target low self-esteem. Recently, a new approach, Competitive Memory Training or COMET, aimed at the enhancement of retrieving beneficial information from memory, appeared to be successful in addressing low self-esteem in different patient populations. Aims: To assess whether COMET for low self-esteem is also an effective intervention for patients with personality disorders. Method: 91 patients with personality disorders who were already in therapy in a regular mental health institution were randomly assigned to either 7 group sessions of COMET in addition to their regular therapy or to 7 weeks of ongoing regular therapy. These latter patients received COMET after their “7 weeks waiting period for COMET”. All patients that completed COMET were contacted 3 months later to assess whether the effects of COMET had remained stable. Results: Compared to the patients who received regular therapy only, patients in the COMET + regular therapy condition improved significantly and with large effect sizes on indices of self-esteem and depression. Significant differential improvements on measures of autonomy and social optimism were also in favour of COMET, but had small to intermediate effect sizes. The therapeutic effects of COMET remained stable after 3 months on three out of the four outcome measures. Conclusion: COMET for low self-esteem seems to be an efficacious trans-diagnostic approach that can rather easily be implemented in the treatment of patients with personality disorders.

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