The indirect effects of Instagram images on women’s self-esteem: The moderating roles of BMI and perceived weight

Viewing idealized social media images may negatively impact women’s self-esteem, yet the underlying mechanisms and vulnerable female groups remain under-investigated. This online experiment applied a posttest-only, between-subjects design to examine the interaction effects of viewing #fitspiration and #thinspiration Instagram images, body mass index, and perceived weight on women’s self-esteem ( N = 221) via appearance comparison. A moderated moderated mediation analysis (MMMA) shows significant effects for fitspiration and thinspiration conditions. Fitspiration pictures predicted lower self-esteem among Overweight women with perceived healthy weight (OH) than healthy weight women with perceived healthy weight (HH) and those with perceived overweight (HO). Thinspiration images resulted in lower self-esteem among HO than HH and OH. Implications include the importance of subjective and objective appearance comparison measurements, effect sizes of idealized social media images, the usefulness of MMMA, and the call for an Instagram literacy program.

Development and metrological characterisation of the new LNE 500 N · m deadweight torque standard machine

This paper describes the development and metrological characterisation of the new LNE 500 N · m deadweight torque standard machine. This machine is integrated into the LNE 5 kN · m deadweight torque standard machine. New masses and a mass change platform have been developed and added to the 5 kN · m machine. After this, LNE realised the metrological characterisation of the 500 N · m machine. The determination of the uncertainties of this torque standard machine and the comparison measurements with the LNE 50 N · m deadweight torque standard machine and with CEM, the National Metrology Institute of Spain, are described in this paper. The results show that the estimated uncertainties are satisfactory because they are a factor of about four times smaller than those of the old standard machines.

A randomised control trial to evaluate messages that promote limit setting and the impact of limits on online gambling behaviour

Background & Aim: Deposit limits may be an effective strategy for minimising the harm associated with online gambling. However, voluntary uptake of these tools is low. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of different messages to increase use of deposit limits by customers of online gambling sites and to examine the effects of limit setting on gambling behaviour. Design: A pre-registered, naturalistic randomised control trial was conducted wherein customers were sent varied messages by online gambling operators. Setting: Four online Australian sports and racing wagering websites. Participants: 31,989 wagering customers (reduced to 26,516 after screening for eligibility) who had placed bets on at least five days during the last 30. Interventions: Messages were sent via email or in-account notification and were designed to either: [1] be informative, describing the availability and purpose of the tool, [2] highlight the benefits other people receive from using the tool (social messages), or [3] promote the benefit individuals could receive from using the tool (personal messages). Comparators: A control group of customers who did not receive messages was monitored for comparison. Measurements: We collected customer account data for 90-days pre- and post-messages. Findings: 161 (0.71%) customers set a deposit limit within five days of messages being sent. Those sent messages via in-account notification were more likely to set limits than those sent messages via email. Differences in message content had little effect on deposit limit uptake. Customers who set limits showed significantly greater decreases in average daily wager amount, the SD of average daily wager, net loss, and betting intensity compared to a randomly selected subsample of non-limit-setters. Conclusions: Customer messages are inexpensive and can lead to small but impactful increases in the uptake of deposit limits on gambling sites. Setting deposit limits was associated with decreased gambling intensity, expenditure, and losses and may therefore be an effective harm-reduction strategy.

Performance of three iGrav superconducting gravity meters before and after transport to remote monitoring sites

SUMMARY High spatial and temporal resolution of gravity observations allows quantifying and understanding mass changes in volcanoes, geothermal or other complex geosystems. For this purpose, accurate gravity meters are required. However, transport of the gravity meters to remote study areas may affect the instrument's performance. In this work, we analyse the continuous measurements of three iGrav superconducting gravity meters (iGrav006, iGrav015 and iGrav032), before and after transport between different monitoring sites. For 4 months, we performed comparison measurements in a gravimetric observatory (J9, Strasbourg) where the three iGravs were subjected to the same environmental conditions. Subsequently, we transported them to Þeistareykir, a remote geothermal field in North Iceland. We examine the stability of three instrumental parameters: the calibration factors, noise levels and drift behaviour. For determining the calibration factor of each instrument, we used three methods: First, we performed relative calibration using side-by-side measurements with an observatory gravity meter (iOSG023) at J9. Secondly, we performed absolute calibration by comparing iGrav data and absolute gravity measurements (FG5#206) at J9 and Þeistareykir. Thirdly, we also developed an alternative method, based on intercomparison between pairs of iGravs to check the stability of relative calibration before and after transport to Iceland. The results show that observed changes of the relative calibration factors by transport were less than or equal to 0.01 per cent. Instrumental noise levels were similar before and after transport, whereas periods of high environmental noise at the Icelandic site limited the stability of the absolute calibration measurements, with uncertainties above 0.64 per cent (6 nm s–2 V–1). The initial transient drift of the iGravs was monotonically decreasing and seemed to be unaffected by transport when the 4K operating temperatures were maintained. However, it turned out that this cold transport (at 4 K) or sensor preparation procedures before transport may cause a change in the long-term quasi-linear drift rates (e.g. iGrav015 and iGrav032) and they had to be determined again after transport by absolute gravity measurements.

THE DESIGN OF DISPLAY DIGITAL DATA INTERFACE CLAMP-METER COMPLEMENTED BY SENSOR GMR (GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE)

This article discusses the design of a robust data interface system that displays an electric current using the GMR sensor. Robust measurement of electrical current to detect magnetic fields contained in the current-carrying wire. The magnetic field on the cable should be the input signal to the GMR sensor to be processed by the interface program. This interface used the Arduino IDE program and displayed in the LCD screen. This research is an experimental research laboratory. The results of the data interface can be displayed in the form of comparative measurements with the power of the conventional electric current. Comparison measurements can be viewed in graphical form. The results of the study have an average measurement accuracy of 91.2%, with an average of 0.96. Besides, this study also obtained a standard deviation of 0.21 and an average error of 0:08.

Round robin comparison study on the form measurement of optical freeform surfaces

A round robin comparison of freeform form measurements was carried out by the project partners and stakeholders of a European metrology research project. Altogether six measuring instruments were considered: five different (pointwise and areal) optical devices and one tactile device. Three optical freeform surfaces were used for the comparison measurements, where two specimens were measured by five instruments and one specimen by four instruments. In this paper, the evaluation methods and results of this round robin are presented for the three freeform surfaces made from a temperature-stable material, Super Invar ®. The freeforms had diameters of 40 mm, 50 mm and 100 mm and best-fit radii of 39.75 mm (convex), 40.9 mm (convex) and 423.5 mm (concave). For comparison, the bilateral pointwise differences between the available measurements were calculated. The root-mean-square values of these differences ranged from 15 nm to 110 nm (neglecting spherical contributions) and provided an insight into the status of typical freeform measurement capabilities for optical surfaces.

Reviving the inter-laboratory comparison measurement results

Key comparison measurements serve as an ultimate tool of quality assurance of results. Whenever the inter-comparison results indicate inconsistency, the participating laboratory needs to take the corrective actions. Practically, the systematic errors involved in the measuring system confines the achievable accuracy. Therefore, the corrective action involves either empirically determine the influences afresh or intuitively reassigns these error values. Alternatively, an analytical method based on inter laboratory comparison results is proposed. The novelty of the proposal is considering task-specific errors in the model that is used for the analysis of interlaboratory comparison results. Without accounting the uncertainties of task-specific errors, the analysis grows complicated and even sometimes it is not feasible. To supplement the proposed method, task-specific errors due to the imperfect geometry of ring gauge, practical inability in implementing the measurement, and unattended environmental influences are explored. The proposed method is demonstrated using some internal diameter key comparison data. The systematic errors responsible for the outlier in the measurement comparison are clearly distinguished.

RkRk material measure

The standard ISO 13565-2 defines the Rk parameters for the functional characterisation of technical surfaces. So far, no particular material measures for the calibration of these parameters have been defined in the international standardization. For the application and the functional behaviour of technical surfaces the Rk parameters however have a critical significance, so there is a demand by the industry to calibrate these parameters as they are increasingly applied for the quality assessment of workpieces. In the present paper, a proposal for suitable material measures is presented. An algorithm is described, which transforms the data of a real measured profile in a way that the exact defined parameters of Rk, Rpk and Rvk are equated. The material measures geometry corresponds to its later application and the target parameters are almost freely selectable. The approach for transforming surface profile data with the aid of the Abbott curve is introduced generically, solves an inverse problem and considers the influences from the manufacturing and measuring process. The designed material measure is manufactured with the aid of ultra-precision turning. In matters of the aspired industrial application, comparison measurements are carried out in order to examine the practical abilities of the material measure and the repeatability of the approach is proven.