Diffusion of disinformation: How social media users respond to fake news and why

Journalism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson C Tandoc ◽  
Darren Lim ◽  
Rich Ling
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Sequential Design ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Explanatory Sequential Design ◽  
Depth Interviews

This exploratory study seeks to understand the diffusion of disinformation by examining how social media users respond to fake news and why. Using a mixed-methods approach in an explanatory-sequential design, this study combines results from a national survey involving 2501 respondents with a series of in-depth interviews with 20 participants from the small but economically and technologically advanced nation of Singapore. This study finds that most social media users in Singapore just ignore the fake news posts they come across on social media. They would only offer corrections when the issue is strongly relevant to them and to people with whom they share a strong and close interpersonal relationship.

scholarly journals Explaining Donation Behavior in Medical Crowdfunding in Social Media

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110145
Author(s):  
Zhengwei Huang ◽  
Jing Ouyang ◽  
Xiaohong Huang ◽  
Yanni Yang ◽  
Ling Lin
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Elaboration Likelihood ◽  
Perceived Trust ◽  
Likelihood Model ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Perceived Behavior Control ◽  
Donation Behavior ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Social Media Network

Medical crowdfunding in social media is growing to be a convenient, accessible, and secure manner to cover medical expenses. It differs from traditional donation initiatives and medical crowdfunding on non-social media platforms in that projects are disseminated via social media network and among acquaintances. Through semi-structured in-depth interviews on donation behaviors of 52 respondents, this study uses grounded theory to extract seven main categories that affect medical crowdfunding donation behavior in social media, namely interpersonal relationship, reciprocity of helping, attitude toward donation, perceived behavior control, perceived trust, project information, and characteristics of patients. In the spirit of Elaboration Likelihood Model, we develop a theoretical framework that the seven factors influence donation behavior in medical crowdfunding in social media via a central and a peripheral route.

In sickness and in health: The strains and gains of caring for a chronically ill or disabled spouse

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L Solomi ◽  
Rachel E Casiday
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Marital Relationship ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Relational Experiences ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

Objectives To examine the subjective experiences of spousal carers, focusing on positive, negative, and relational aspects of this role. Methods Mixed-methods exploratory study involving questionnaires ( N = 40) and in-depth interviews ( N = 8) with spousal carers in the southwest of England. Results Participants used a combination of negative and positive terms to describe their experiences, with the cared-for spouse's mental acuity, behavior towards the carer, and amount of care required, impacting on carers' subjective experience. Women were more likely to report neglecting their own health because of being a carer ( p = 0.02). The marital relationship itself was highly significant, and many carers took special measures to maintain and develop their marital bonds. Carers adapted to their roles in various ways, with those finding acceptance of their situation and accessing support appearing to cope best with the demands of the role. Discussion This study, though based on a small and geographically restricted sample, offers insight into the positive, negative, and relational experiences of spousal carers. Support that encourages carers to engage in health-promoting activities, and ideally provides opportunities for both partners to be involved in such activities together, may be particularly beneficial.

scholarly journals Brand Coolness

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Warren ◽  
Rajeev Batra ◽  
Sandra Maria Correia Loureiro ◽  
Richard P. Bagozzi
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
High Status ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Over Time

Marketers strive to create cool brands, but the literature does not offer a blueprint for what “brand coolness” means or what features characterize cool brands. This research uses a mixed-methods approach to conceptualize brand coolness and identify a set of characteristics typically associated with cool brands. Focus groups, depth interviews, and an essay study indicate that cool brands are perceived to be extraordinary, aesthetically appealing, energetic, high status, rebellious, original, authentic, subcultural, iconic, and popular. In nine quantitative studies (surveys and experiments), the authors develop scale items to reliably measure the component characteristics of brand coolness; show that brand coolness influences important outcome variables, including consumers’ attitudes toward, satisfaction with, intentions to talk about, and willingness to pay for the brand; and demonstrate how cool brands change over time. At first, most brands become cool to a small niche, at which point they are perceived to be more subcultural, rebellious, authentic, and original. Over time, some cool brands become adopted by the masses, at which point they are perceived to be more popular and iconic.

scholarly journals Engaging customers through user-and company-generated content on CSR

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Badenes-Rocha ◽  
Carla Ruiz-Mafé ◽  
Enrique Bigné
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Customer Perceptions ◽  
Customer Trust ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to analyze the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) customer perceptions, customer–company identification and customer trust on customer engagement (CE), paying special attention to the moderating effects of two types of social media communication, firm-generated content and user-generated content. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a mixed-methods’ approach. First, a single-factor experiment using Twitter posts as stimuli with 227 hotel guests. The structural model was analyzed using SmartPLS 3.2.7. Second, structured in-depth interviews were undertaken with three hotel industry experts to complement the conclusions of the quantitative study. Findings The results show that when a customer trusts a hotel and identifies with its corporate values, CSR tweets generate CE toward the hotel. CSR communications made by customers reinforce the impact of CSR tweets on customer trust more than CSR tweets posted by hotels. Hotel industry experts give insights to explain these results in different types of hotels. Practical implications CSR communications made through Twitter affect customers’ perceptions of a hotel’s CSR activities and customer trust in hotels, especially if they originate from a source external to the company. This result can be of use for hotel managers who have not previously given importance to active CSR communications or the interactivity of social media. Originality/value The authors show the moderating effect of user-generated content in the relationship between CSR customer perceptions and customer trust, thus contributing to the research into the effectiveness of social media. They use a mixed-methods’ approach to increase the validity of the results.

Responding Effectively to Customer Feedback on Twitter: A Mixed Methods Study of Webcare Styles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Fuoli ◽  
Isobelle Clarke ◽  
Viola Wiegand ◽  
Hendrik Ziezold ◽  
Michaela Mahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Negative Word ◽  
Affective Style ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Customer Complaints ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Customer Feedback ◽  
Corporate Social

Abstract Social media offer an unprecedented opportunity for companies to interact more closely with customers and market their products and services. But social media also present reputational risks as negative word-of-mouth can spread more quickly and widely through these platforms than ever before. This study investigates how companies respond to customer complaints on Twitter. We propose an innovative mixed methods approach (i) to identify the key features that mark the styles used by a sample of companies in their replies to customers and (ii) to determine the most effective strategies for responding to complaints. Our results reveal that an affective style, expressed through devices such as stance markers, emphatics, and amplifiers, elicits the most positive response from complainants, regardless of the formality of the message. The study advances our understanding of the features and effects of corporate social media discourse. It also provides business communication practitioners with linguistically grounded insights that can inform the development of appropriate strategies for dealing with negative word-of-mouth online.

Social media dialogues in a crisis: A mixed-methods approach to identifying publics on social media

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian G. Smith ◽  
Staci B. Smith ◽  
Devin Knighton
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach

scholarly journals Countering Fake News in Media: A Study on Journalists Based in Mardan and Nowshera

2020 ◽  
Vol V (II) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Ibrar Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Organizations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

This research focuses on fake news and how journalists understand and counter fake news. The researchers used purposive sampling and collected data through in-depth interviews. Members of Mardan and Nowshera press clubs were interviewed regarding how they counter fake news. All the respondents agreed that fake news must be discouraged and that not only the media persons but the government should also take action against media organizations that publish or onair fake news. Most of them said that social media is the main source of fake news and that there should be some kind of regulations on social media to discourage fake news. Some called for training for journalists on how to counter fake news.

scholarly journals #Work! The Effect of Hashtag Campaigns: a Modern Form of Free Labour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Yacoub
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Modern Form

This MRP will attempt to explain social media today by applying Smythe’s (2006) research on audience commodity and free labour regarding television and broadcast to hashtag campaigns on Instagram, such as Coca-Cola’s #ShareaCoke, and Calvin Klein’s #MyCalvins. This MRP will support literature pertaining to audience commodity and free labour, the monetization of user-generated content via social media marketing, and the nature of the audience. Through a mixed methods approach, the campaigns will be analyzed in hopes of discovering how social media has revolutionized the role of the audience, which has shifted drastically due to the participatory nature of the Internet—thus, demonstrating the transformation of the audience as users to producers to advertisers of user-generated content created for hashtag campaigns on Instagram. Ultimately, this MRP will seek to demonstrate that this transformation has resulted in exploitation of users, and have revolutionized the model of free labour and commodity as outline by Smythe (2006).

scholarly journals #MeToo, Sexual Harassment and Coping Strategies in Norwegian Newsrooms

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond Idås ◽  
Kristin Skare Orgeret ◽  
Klas Backholm
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Editorial Staff ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article, through conducting a study of the sexual harassment (SH) of media workers, investigates the extent and types of SH experienced by the editorial staff of Norwegian newsrooms at the time the #MeToo campaign arrived in Norway, and what effects such experiences have on journalists’ professional lives. We are also interested in what Norwegian media houses are doing to address these challenges. The leading research question consists of three interrelated parts: To what extent are journalists exposed to SH? What coping strategies do they use? How can newsrooms be better prepared to fight SH, from the perspective of the safety of journalists? A mixed methods approach, which combines findings from a quantitative questionnaire with qualitative in-depth interviews, was used to answer these questions. The findings show that female, young, and temporary media workers are significantly more frequently targeted than others and that those who had experienced SH handled the situation using avoiding strategies to a significantly greater extent than those who had only been exposed to unwanted attention experiences. The findings feed into a discussion of what strategies media houses can use to be better prepared in the fight against SH.

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