The head and heart of news avoidance: How attitudes about the news media relate to levels of news consumption

Journalism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146488492110129
Author(s):  
Stephanie Edgerly
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
News Media ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
News Consumption ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Consumption Survey ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

In today’s media environment, there are increased opportunities to consume news in various formats and styles. Why then, do some people say they consume little to no news? The focus of this study is to identify the factors related to extremely low levels of news consumption. Survey data from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults is used to test different explanations for news avoidance. Results point to several factors that explain lower overall levels of news consumption. Extremely low news consumption is related to a disinterest in politics, perceptions of news lacking relevance, low news self-efficacy and a lack of knowledge about the news system. Perhaps surprisingly, the emotional toll of news (e.g. news fatigue, upset feelings) did not explain variation in overall levels of news consumption. Based on these findings, efforts to convert news avoiders into more regular consumers of news is discussed.

Self-Employed Contractors in Australia: How Many and Who Are They?

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Vandenheuvel ◽  
Mark Wooden
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Independent Contractors ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Service Recipient

Despite claims that the use of contractors has become increasingly common in Australia, little evidence exists as to the extent of their use. Based on survey data collected in 1994 from a nationally representative sample of more than 2000 Australian households, this article provides estimates of the incidence of self- employed contractors in the non-agricultural workforce. Moreover, an attempt is made at distinguishing between those contractors who are truly independent of the service recipient organization and those who appear to be dependent on a single hiring organization and hence may have much more in common with wage and salary earners than with independent contractors. Finally, distinctive characteris tics of self-employed contractors are identified.

Chillin’ Effects of Fake News: Changes in Practices Related to Accountability and Transparency in American Newsrooms Under the Influence of Misinformation and Accusations Against the News Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 107769902098478
Author(s):  
Hong Tien Vu ◽  
Magdalena Saldaña
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Media Audiences ◽  
Role Conceptions ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study examines how newsroom work in the United States has changed in response to some of the latest developments in the news media environment. Using nationally representative survey data, we explore what professional routines American journalists have adopted to avoid spreading or being accused of publishing misinformation. Findings suggest that journalists have added new or intensified practices to increase accountability and transparency. In addition, role conceptions, perception of fake news, and responsibility for social media audiences impact the adoption of such practices. Journalists are more likely to embrace transparency than accountability, suggesting the emergence of new journalistic norms in today’s newsrooms.

The Timing of First Marriage

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohe Xu ◽  
Clark D. Hudspeth ◽  
John P. Bartkowski
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Marriage Timing ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Conservative Protestants

Using survey data from a nationally representative sample, this article explores how marriage timing varies across major religious denominations. Survival analysis indicates that net of statistical controls, Catholics, moderate Protestants, conservative Protestants, and Mormons marry significantly earlier than their unaffiliated counterparts. This holds true for women and men. However, no statistical differences emerge between Jews, liberal Protestants, and the unaffiliated. As surmised, auxiliary statistical tests reveal additional religious subcultural variations: (a) Jews tend to marry later than Catholics, conservative Protestants, and Mormons; (b) Catholics also marry later than conservative Protestants and Mormons; (c) no statistical difference surfaces between Mormons and conservative Protestants; and (d) differences between Catholics and liberal Protestants as well as between Jews and liberal Protestants are statistically negligible. These findings systematically support the denominational subcultural paradigm in the case of marriage timing.

scholarly journals Sampling description and procedures used to conduct the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (5a) ◽  
pp. 1029-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kiely ◽  
A Flynn ◽  
KE Harrington ◽  
PJ Robson ◽  
G Cran
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Consumption Survey

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this survey was to establish a database of habitual food and drink consumption in a representative sample of Irish adults, aged 18–64 years. The present paper describes the sampling protocol, response rate and characteristics of the survey population in terms of sex and age groups, seasonality, geographical location, marital status, social class, socio-economic status and education level.DesignA cross-sectional food consumption survey was carried out. In the Republic of Ireland, a nationally representative sample of adults was randomly selected with a validated two-stage clustered design, using the electoral register as the sampling frame. This method produced a self-weighting or ‘epsem’ sample of individuals, where each adult who was registered to vote had an equal opportunity of being selected. Similarly, in Northern Ireland, a two-stage random sampling procedure was used. The sampling frame was the electoral register, and the sample was stratified by urban/rural and by an index of material deprivation, to ensure representation of each sector of the community. The recruitment procedure was the same in the North and South. An introductory letter with an information leaflet was posted to each selected individual and these were followed up by a visit from a fieldworker, who invited participation in the survey.SettingNorthern Ireland and Republic of Ireland between 1997 and 1999.ResultsThe response rate, which is the percentage of the total number of people who completed a 7-day food diary (n = 1379) out of the total eligible sample (n = 2177), was 63%. Non-respondents and dropouts constituted 34% and 3%, respectively, of the total eligible sample. Compared with the most recent census figures available, the sample was generally found to be representative in terms of sex and age group profiles, geographical location, marital status, seasonality, social class, socio-economic group and education level. Data on sex and age group and geographical location were collected from non-respondents for comparison with the survey sample. There were no apparent differences between them.ConclusionThe North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey has established a Samplino relational database of habitual food and drink consumption, in addition to data on Response rate habitual physical activity, anthropometric measurements, socio-demographic factors, Demographics lifestyle, health status indicators and attitudes, in a nationally representative sample Socio-economic factors of the population of the island of Ireland.

scholarly journals The National Food Consumption Survey (NFCS): South Africa, 1999

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Labadarios ◽  
NP Steyn ◽  
E Maunder ◽  
U MacIntryre ◽  
G Gericke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
South African ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
National Level ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Consumption Survey

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the National Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) in South Africa was to determine the nutrient intakes and anthropometric status of children (1–9 years old), as well as factors that influence their dietary intake.DesignThis was a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of all children aged 1–9 years in South Africa. A nationally representative sample with provincial representation was selected using 1996 Census information.SubjectsOf the 3120 children who were originally sampled data were obtained from 2894, a response rate of 93%.MethodsThe sociodemographic status of each household was assessed by a questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed by means of a 24-hour recall and a food-frequency questionnaire from the caregivers of the children. Food purchasing practices were determined by means of a food procurement questionnaire. Hunger was assessed by a modified hunger scale questionnaire. Nutritional status was determined by means of anthropometric measurements: height, weight, head circumference and arm circumference.ResultsAt the national level, stunting (height-for-age below minus two standard deviations (< -2SD) from the reference median) was by far the most common nutritional disorder, affecting nearly one in five children. The children least affected (17%) were those living in urban areas. Even with regard to the latter, however, children living in informal urban areas were more severely affected (20%) compared with those living in formal urban areas (16%). A similar pattern emerged for the prevalence of underweight (weight-for-age < -2SD), with one in 10 children being affected at the national level. Furthermore, one in 10 (13%) and one in four (26%) children aged 1–3 years had an energy intake less than half and less than two-thirds of their daily energy needs, respectively. For South African children as a whole, the intakes of energy, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamins A, D, C and E, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6 and folic acid were below two-thirds of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. At the national level, data from the 24-hour recalls indicated that the most commonly consumed food items were maize, sugar, tea, whole milk and brown bread. For South African children overall, one in two households (52%) experienced hunger, one in four (23%) were at risk of hunger and only one in four households (25%) appeared food-secure.ConclusionThe NFCS indicated that a large majority of households were food-insecure and that energy deficit and micronutrient deficiencies were common, resulting in a high prevalence of stunting. These results were used as motivation for the introduction of mandatory fortification in South Africa.

Woke : internet news and social media on recent attitudes towards police use of force

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Katelynn Patricia Towne
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Police Use Of Force ◽  
Black African ◽  
News Consumption ◽  
Internet News ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] News media has long featured high-profile incidents of police use of force; however, exposure to these incidents may be increasing because of the accessibility of smartphones, social media, and Internet news. Police are concerned about the impact this potential increase in negative publicity may be having on the relationship between police legitimacy and crime prevention. However, scant research has examined the role Internet news and social media consumption have on attitudes toward police use of force. This dissertation study employed mixed methods to explore the role social media and Internet news have on such attitudes at the macro, meso, and micro levels in the United States across racial and ethnic groups. At the macro level, nationally representative data were used to examine the relationships between Internet news consumption, neoliberal and racial resentment ideologies, and demographics on attitudes of approval toward police use of force. The results indicated that Black/African American Internet news consumers are more supportive of police use of force than non-Internet news consumers. Furthermore, education increased the odds of approving of police use of force among the Hispanic/Latinx subsample, whereas Internet news consumption did not. Significant predictors for Whites included income, conservativism, individualism, and gender. However, these results changed when the analysis accounted for variation at the meso level. Lastly, personal experiences with police and retrospective experiences online when consuming use-of-force incidents provided a greater understanding of the findings. The variation observed between the racial and ethnic subsamples built upon theories of social location and media.

scholarly journals Evaluating the fake news problem at the scale of the information ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. eaay3539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Allen ◽  
Baird Howland ◽  
Markus Mobius ◽  
David Rothschild ◽  
Duncan J. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Misleading Information ◽  
News Consumption ◽  
Nationally Representative

“Fake news,” broadly defined as false or misleading information masquerading as legitimate news, is frequently asserted to be pervasive online with serious consequences for democracy. Using a unique multimode dataset that comprises a nationally representative sample of mobile, desktop, and television consumption, we refute this conventional wisdom on three levels. First, news consumption of any sort is heavily outweighed by other forms of media consumption, comprising at most 14.2% of Americans’ daily media diets. Second, to the extent that Americans do consume news, it is overwhelmingly from television, which accounts for roughly five times as much as news consumption as online. Third, fake news comprises only 0.15% of Americans’ daily media diet. Our results suggest that the origins of public misinformedness and polarization are more likely to lie in the content of ordinary news or the avoidance of news altogether as they are in overt fakery.

scholarly journals Suicidal Ideation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Investigating Mental Health, COVID-19 Health Beliefs, and News Media Consumption in the United States Population in the Year 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110623
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Lueck ◽  
Timothy Callaghan ◽  
Sebastian Scherr
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
News Media ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online News ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
News Consumption

This study examines the role of general news media consumption during COVID-19 in aggravating mental health and suicide risk in the US population. In a sample of U.S. adults ( N = 5,010), we investigated how mental health, COVID-19 health beliefs, and general news consumption influenced the odds of suicidal ideation using hierarchical logistic regression models. Both worsening mental health overall and specifically in regard to COVID-19 increased suicidal ideation. Perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 infection did not increase suicidal ideation, yet higher levels of COVID-19 self-efficacy reduced suicidal ideation. Overall news consumption did not affect suicidal ideation, but media-specific post-hoc analyses revealed that TV news watching decreased suicidal ideation as much as high levels of COVID-19 self-efficacy decreased suicidal ideation. Furthermore, online news consumption increased suicidal ideation as much as worsening mental health overall increased suicidal ideation. Further implications are discussed.

Restaurant Tipping Discrimination: Evidence from a Representative Sample of US Households

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusrat Jahan ◽  
Andrea Leschewski ◽  
David E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Extensive And Intensive Margins ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Tipping Behavior

AbstractDiscrimination in tipping creates concerns of inequity in service quality for restaurant operators (Brewster 2017). We use the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey data to conduct one of the very few nationally representative examinations of tipping behavior at US restaurants. We focus on differences in tipping behavior between groups with identifiable characteristics and investigate whether tipping differences between groups are robust to inclusion of a variety of controls. We investigate tipping at the extensive and intensive margins. In contrast to earlier studies, we find little evidence that tipping varies by race and gender.

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