Estimating tourism’s contribution to conservation area financing in Mozambique

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rylance
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Revenue Generation ◽  
Area Management

Financial sustainability of conservation areas is one of the cornerstones for enabling effective conservation management. However, the current status of conservation area funding is widely detached from the need, and this disparity is intensified in developing countries. Therefore, identifying and valuing the revenue streams and finance needs of conservation areas is an important step in the process to become financial sustainable. This paper assesses the revenue potential of conservation areas in Mozambique national parks and reserves. The analysis describes the revenue generation of 93 conservation areas in Mozambique in 2013 to (i) the economy, (ii) the Government of Mozambique and conservation area management authorities, as well as (iii) respective communities bordering conservation areas. The analysis determined that the total annual revenue generation within the conservation area network was USD 24.4 million in 2013 from tourism-linked activities. The component of total revenue that accrued to either national Government of Mozambique or conservation area management was USD 3.33 million in 2013, and USD 606,500 of this accrued to communities surrounding conservation areas. The research has demonstrated that revenue generation of the conservation area network contributes approximately 10% to the tourism sector’s total contribution to the economy of Mozambique. In addition, this research highlights the difficulties of revenue generation from conservation areas in least developed countries and the effects of a lack of data on justifying the value of a conservation area network from an economic perspective.

Application of SMART software for conservation area management

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-224
Author(s):  
Drew T. Cronin ◽  
Anthony Dancer ◽  
Barney Long ◽  
Antony J. Lynam ◽  
Jeff Muntifering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Area Management

Wildlife species worldwide are under threat from a range of anthropogenic threats, with declines primarily caused by overexploitation and habitat loss associated with an increasing human population and per capita resource use. Exploitation is driven by numerous factors, but is often the result of illegal activities, such as hunting, logging, and wildlife trade. Protected areas, designed to safeguard threatened species and their habitats, are the foundation of biodiversity conservation, and several analyses have demonstrated that effective protected areas are critical to the maintenance of biodiversity. However, other analyses show that most protected areas suffer from a lack of resources and poor management. Numerous technologies have been developed to address these challenges by facilitating adaptive management via ranger-based data collection, data analysis and visualization, and strategic planning. This chapter reviews the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) platform, with a particular emphasis on conservation law enforcement monitoring, and demonstrates both how SMART has been used to improve management of conservation areas, and how complementary systems and emerging technologies can be integrated into a single unified platform for conservation area management. In a relatively short period of time, SMART has grown to become the global standard for conservation area management. More than 800 national parks and other conservation areas are currently using SMART in more than 65 countries worldwide. SMART sites have seen improvements in patrol effectiveness, increases in populations of critically endangered species like tigers, and reductions in threats from poaching and habitat loss.

scholarly journals Estimating population sizes of lions Panthera leo and spotted hyaenas Crocuta crocuta in Uganda's savannah parks, using lure count methods

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Okot Omoya ◽  
Tutilo Mudumba ◽  
Stephen T. Buckland ◽  
Paul Mulondo ◽  
Andrew J. Plumptre
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Crocuta Crocuta ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Population Sizes

AbstractDespite > 60 years of conservation in Uganda's national parks the populations of lions and spotted hyaenas in these areas have never been estimated using a census method. Estimates for some sites have been extrapolated to other protected areas and educated guesses have been made but there has been nothing more definitive. We used a lure count analysis method of call-up counts to estimate populations of the lion Panthera leo and spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta in the parks where reasonable numbers of these species exist: Queen Elizabeth Protected Area, Murchison Falls Conservation Area and Kidepo Valley National Park. We estimated a total of 408 lions and 324 hyaenas for these three conservation areas. It is unlikely that other conservation areas in Uganda host > 10 lions or > 40 hyaenas. The Queen Elizabeth Protected Area had the largest populations of lions and hyaenas: 140 and 211, respectively. It is estimated that lion numbers have declined by 30% in this protected area since the late 1990s and there are increasing concerns for the long-term viability of both species in Uganda.

scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR REGION (NTT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Luh Putu Sudini
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Tourism Potential

Besides the tourism sector can increase economic growth, it also does not damage the environment and even stimulates environmental conservation. The tourism sector has become a global trend in the past three decades. World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) in 1998. Problems: 1) What is the urgency of tourism in the NTT region? And 2) How do you deal with the challenges of developing tourism in the NTT region? This research is empirical legal research. The urgency of tourism in the NTT region, among others: paying attention to tourism in the province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), which has the character of an archipelago, most of which consists of marine waters and is still lagging behind, it seems that the urgency of tourism in NTT is dominated by sea tourism or nature, such as national parks, Marine Conservation Areas, and Nature Parks (TWA). This is evident through the existence of 8 (eight) marine waters conservation areas owned by NTT Province. In addition, NTT Province also has a lot of potential in the marine sector, such as marine resources for capture and aquaculture; the potential for seaweed cultivation; potential of salt resources; and the potential for pearl cultivation, all of the marine potential is very supportive and influences the urgency of tourism for the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province. Efforts that can be made in order to deal with these challenges include: first, make improvements in the infrastructure sector, for example there is good coordination between the central and regional governments and cities in the NTT Province with regard to policies on water conservation area management or marine tourism in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT); second, maximizing the tourism potential in NTT through professional human resource de-velopment, improved tourism management facilities and third, online tourism publications optimized so that tourists are interested in traveling to the NTT Province; and in addition, supervise/control the applicable laws and regulations in ALKI that cross the sea waters, so that the existence of the ALKI does not interfere with the conservation of waters in the Sawu Sea.

Initial E-Commerce Efforts in Nine Least Developed Countries

2011 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
William Wresch
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Barriers To Success ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Technological Capacity ◽  
Business Web ◽  
National Infrastructure

While e-commerce would seem to be a unique opportunity for poor countries with limited local markets to sell goods to richer nations, limited research is available on the current status of e-commerce efforts in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). This study reviewed the efforts of the nine countries identified by the UNDP as having the least technological capacity. Statistics provided by the UNDP demonstrate serious national infrastructure problems in each of the countries. Yet a survey of business web sites finds that all but one (Sudan) has some minimal e-commerce efforts underway. A survey sent to companies in three of these countries showed that many companies were being creative in where they were hosting their web sites and were able to keep their web costs low. Yet the vast majority also reported slow sales and a variety of local barriers to success. A review of the products they are offering on their sites found that the product mix might be particularly problematic. The author hopes the results of this study will suggest improved strategies for companies in LDCs seeking to use e-commerce to expand their markets.

scholarly journals The making of a conservation landscape: the emergence of a conservationist environmental infrastructure along the Kwando River in Namibia's Zambezi region

Africa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-295
Author(s):  
Michael Bollig ◽  
Hauke-Peter Vehrs
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Transfrontier Conservation Area ◽  
Kwando River ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Environmental Infrastructure

AbstractThe Kwando Basin of north-eastern Namibia is firmly embedded in current national and international conservation agendas. It is a key part of the world's largest transboundary conservation area, the Kavango–Zambezi (KAZA) Transfrontier Conservation Area, and the home of seven community-based conservation areas (conservancies) and three smaller national parks (Mudumu, Nkasa Rupara and Bwabwata). While conservation agendas often start from the assumption that an authentic part of African nature is conserved as an assemblage of biota that has not been gravely impacted by subsistence agriculture, colonialism and global value chains, we show that environmental infrastructure along the Namibian side of the Kwando Valley has been shaped by the impact of administrative measures and the gradual decoupling of humans and wildlife in a vast wetland. The way towards today's conservation landscape was marked and marred by the enforced reordering of human–environment relations; clearing the riverine core wetlands of human habitation and concentrating communities in narrowly defined settlement zones; the suppression of specific, wetland-adapted subsistence practices; and the elimination of unwanted microbes with the help of insecticides. The interventions in the ecosystem and the construction of an environmental infrastructure have created a unique conservation landscape in the Namibian Zambezi region, which provides the foundation for its popularity and success.

scholarly journals A Study of Current Status of Drinking Water in Pokhara Metropolitan City of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Ishwar Prasad ◽  
Rajendra P. Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Global Issue

Management of drinking water has been a global issue and has emerged as big challenge in cities especially for developing countries. Nepal is one of the least developed countries and all cities of the country is facing this challenge along with its capital city Kathmandu. Nepal has started implementing federal system with creation of seven provinces and 753 local governments. This study analyzes the current status of demand and supply of drinking water in Pokhara Metropolitan City, the second largest city of Nepal in terms of population and largest city in terms of area and forecasts the demand and supply of drinking water in the year 2021 and 2031in the city. Relevant formula has been used to forecast the demand and supply and published data were used for discussion and analysis. This study will help the concerned authority in forming its water related policy and will be beneficial for other growing cities as reference. This study revealed that water demand will reach 65 ml/d in 2021 and 108 ml/d in 2031. So, in the existing condition, the gap between demand and supply will continue in future also.

Initial E-Commerce Efforts in Nine Least Developed Countries

2008 ◽  
pp. 359-369
Author(s):  
William Wresch
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Barriers To Success ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Technological Capacity ◽  
Business Web ◽  
National Infrastructure

While e-commerce would seem to be a unique opportunity for poor countries with limited local markets to sell goods to richer nations, limited research is available on the current status of e-commerce efforts in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). This study reviewed the efforts of the nine countries identified by the UNDP as having the least technological capacity. Statistics provided by the UNDP demonstrate serious national infrastructure problems in each of the countries. Yet a survey of business web sites finds that all but one (Sudan) has some minimal e-commerce efforts underway. A survey sent to companies in three of these countries showed that many companies were being creative in where they were hosting their web sites and were able to keep their web costs low. Yet the vast majority also reported slow sales and a variety of local barriers to success. A review of the products they are offering on their sites found that the product mix might be particularly problematic. The author hopes the results of this study will suggest improved strategies for companies in LDCs seeking to use e-commerce to expand their markets.

scholarly journals CAN GOVERNMENT SPENDING CONTROL DEFORESTATION IN PROTECTED AREAS?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
resi diniyanti ◽  
alin halimatussadiah
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
The Government

One of the main objectives of the establishment of a conservation area is to preserve the ecosystem and biodiversity. Even in many countries around the world, including Indonesia, the establishment of conservation areas has become the government's alternative strategy for protecting and maintaining biodiversity resources. The government allocates budget for conservation areas, but in some locations degradation and deforestation still persist. It is therefore important to evaluate the commitment of the government to the protection of biodiversity, one of which is the rate of deforestation. This study aims to examine whether government spending has impact to control deforestation in conservation areas in Indonesia. Utilizing a dynamic panel model with a Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimation, this study uses the forest cover data in 43 national parks that lies in 114 districts/cities during 2013-2017. The results show that the government spending for forest protection activities and forest ranger has an effect on controlling the deforestation rate in conservation area. However, there is no evidence showing correlation between the spending for community empowerment to deforestation control. This indicates that the government should consider budget allocation to make deforestation control more effective.

scholarly journals Developing geotourism with a focus on geoheritage in a transboundary region: the case of the Curonian Spit, a UNESCO site

Baltic Region ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-128
Author(s):  
Aleksei Yu. Anokhin ◽  
Elena G. Kropinova ◽  
Eduardas Spiriajevas
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Curonian Spit ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Unesco Site ◽  
The Baltic

Recreation in conservation areas has compelled special attention amid international travel restrictions. The tension between the conservation and economic use of these territories is increasing. This work aims to find ways to optimise and modernise environmental outreach and recreation in national parks — one of the conservation area types. Geotourism is a sustainable form of tourism, which bridges the gap between conservation and recreation. Several objectives have been attained to fulfil this aim. Firstly, best practices of geotourism development in conservation areas have been analysed. Secondly, the resource potential for diversifying ecotourism events in conservation areas has been measured. Thirdly, an algorithm for a geological heritage-focused ecotour — an innovative recreation product aimed at eco-education and community outreach — has been designed. The authors view the methodology for geotour design as an instance of heritage preservation and propose a new tourist route — the Geological and Geomorphological Chronicle of the Baltic Sea. This tour acquaints sightseers with the nature of the Curonian Spit national park, a unique geological and geomorphological feature whose landscapes are a product of centuries-long human-nature interactions. Twenty years ago, in 2000, the conservation area was listed by UNESCO as a place of considerable natural significance. The field studies were carried out as part of the international project Ecotour4Natur: Ecotourism as a Tool for the Preservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage within the Lithuania-Russia cross-border cooperation programme 2014—2020. The obtained algorithm for ecological route design may benefit other national parks as well.

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