scholarly journals CAN GOVERNMENT SPENDING CONTROL DEFORESTATION IN PROTECTED AREAS?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
resi diniyanti ◽  
alin halimatussadiah
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
The Government

One of the main objectives of the establishment of a conservation area is to preserve the ecosystem and biodiversity. Even in many countries around the world, including Indonesia, the establishment of conservation areas has become the government's alternative strategy for protecting and maintaining biodiversity resources. The government allocates budget for conservation areas, but in some locations degradation and deforestation still persist. It is therefore important to evaluate the commitment of the government to the protection of biodiversity, one of which is the rate of deforestation. This study aims to examine whether government spending has impact to control deforestation in conservation areas in Indonesia. Utilizing a dynamic panel model with a Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimation, this study uses the forest cover data in 43 national parks that lies in 114 districts/cities during 2013-2017. The results show that the government spending for forest protection activities and forest ranger has an effect on controlling the deforestation rate in conservation area. However, there is no evidence showing correlation between the spending for community empowerment to deforestation control. This indicates that the government should consider budget allocation to make deforestation control more effective.

The Existence of Geothermal Energy in Communication Perspective and Sustainable Environment in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Indriyati Kamil ◽  
Oekan S Abdoellah ◽  
Herlina Agustin ◽  
Iriana Bakti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
The Government

This article highlights the dynamics of geothermal energy in the Kamojang nature reserve in Indonesia. A nature reserve is a conservation area that must be protected and preserved, because it has unique flora and fauna, and rare ecosystems whose existence is threatened with extinction. After going through a long study process by an integrated team, the government finally made a policy to change the function of the nature reserve into a Nature Tourism Park. Changes in policy changes to the function of nature reserves cause pros and cons in the community, and cause conflicts between government and environmental activists. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that cause changes in the function of nature reserves into natural tourism parks in the Kamojang conservation area of Indonesia, as well as to identify appropriate communication models in the management of geothermal energy through communication and environmentally sustainable approaches. Research findings show that the factors that cause changes in the function of nature reserves into tourist parks include; the interests of geothermal energy to meet national energy needs and electricity infrastructure, accommodate the needs of surrounding communities that utilize water resources in conservation areas, and restore ecosystems. The communication model for geothermal energy management that we propose at the same time is also a novelty namely; ecopopulism approach, negotiation approach, collaboration, and equating meaning and orientation to environmental sustainability. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Geothermal Energy, Nature Reserves, Conservation Policies, Communication Models and Sustainable Development.

scholarly journals Estimating population sizes of lions Panthera leo and spotted hyaenas Crocuta crocuta in Uganda's savannah parks, using lure count methods

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Okot Omoya ◽  
Tutilo Mudumba ◽  
Stephen T. Buckland ◽  
Paul Mulondo ◽  
Andrew J. Plumptre
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Crocuta Crocuta ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Population Sizes

AbstractDespite > 60 years of conservation in Uganda's national parks the populations of lions and spotted hyaenas in these areas have never been estimated using a census method. Estimates for some sites have been extrapolated to other protected areas and educated guesses have been made but there has been nothing more definitive. We used a lure count analysis method of call-up counts to estimate populations of the lion Panthera leo and spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta in the parks where reasonable numbers of these species exist: Queen Elizabeth Protected Area, Murchison Falls Conservation Area and Kidepo Valley National Park. We estimated a total of 408 lions and 324 hyaenas for these three conservation areas. It is unlikely that other conservation areas in Uganda host > 10 lions or > 40 hyaenas. The Queen Elizabeth Protected Area had the largest populations of lions and hyaenas: 140 and 211, respectively. It is estimated that lion numbers have declined by 30% in this protected area since the late 1990s and there are increasing concerns for the long-term viability of both species in Uganda.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of China’s National Forest Protection Program and National-level Nature Reserves, 2000 to 2010

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guopeng Ren ◽  
Stephen S. Young ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yongcheng Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
Deforestation Rates

There is profound interest in knowing the degree to which China’s institutions are capable of protecting its natural forests and biodiversity in the face of economic and political change. China’s two most important forest protection policies are its National Forest Protection Program (NFPP) and its National-level Nature Reserves (NNRs). The NFPP was implemented in 17 provinces starting in the year 2000 in response to deforestation-caused flooding. We used MODIS data (MOD13Q1) to estimate forest cover and forest loss across mainland China, and we report that 1.765 million km2or 18.7% of mainland China was covered in forest (12.3%, canopy cover > 70%) and woodland (6.4%, 40% ≤ canopy cover < 70%) in 2000. By 2010, a total of 480,203 km2of forest+woodland was lost, amounting to an annual deforestation rate of 2.7%. The forest-only loss was 127,473 km2, or 1.05% annually. The three most rapidly deforested provinces were outside NFPP jurisdiction, in the southeast. Within the NFPP provinces, the annual forest+woodland loss rate was 2.26%, and the forest-only rate was 0.62%. Because these loss rates are likely overestimates, China appears to have achieved, and even exceeded, its NFPP target of reducing deforestation to 1.1% annually in the target provinces. We also assemble the first-ever polygon dataset for China’s forested NNRs (n=237), which covered 74,030 km2in 2000. Conventional unmatched and covariate-matching analyses both find that about two-thirds of China’s NNRs exhibit effectiveness in protecting forest cover and that within-NNR deforestation rates are higher in provinces that have higher overall deforestation.

scholarly journals Community participation in conservation of petungkriyono protected areas in pekalongan district

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Marthalia Woelansari ◽  
Maryono Maryono ◽  
Fuad Muhammad ◽  
M. Arief Rahman Halim ◽  
Agus Setyawan
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Protected Forests ◽  
The Government ◽  
Data Collection Technique

The government determines forests based on the main functions of: Conservation forest, protection forest and production forest. The Petungkriyono protected forest is one of the conservation areas located in the Petungkriyono, Pekalongan City. Conservation of protected forests in Petungkriyono is very much needed considering the development of the wider city, so that the forests that were originally forest areas that functioned as green open spaces have been greatly reduced, especially in areas along the river that leads to Pekalongan City. The research method used in this study is to use descriptive research methods. The data collection technique used is the study of literature. Data analysis techniques were performed using a Likert scale calculated by discriminant analysis. Type of participation contributed by the community in the protected forest area of Petungkriyono; a) participation of ideas, b) energy, c) property, d) skill e) social participation. The form of community participation in the conservation of the Petungkriyono protected forest area; a) active participation, b) passive participation. Geographical factors that serve as a reference for the importance of conservation of the Petungkriyono protected forest are: a) habitat, b) consideration of the area, c) physical and human factors, and d) economic value.

Conceptual and legal issues in the designation and management of conservation areas in Nepal

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL T. HEINEN ◽  
JAI N. MEHTA
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The Government ◽  
Enforcement Authority ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Definitive Methods

The modern era of wildlife and protected area conservation in Nepal began in 1973 with the passage of comprehensive legislation, and has evolved very quickly as new priorities and problems have emerged. Here we explore the legal and managerial development of conservation areas, a recently-defined category of protected area designed to promote conservation through local-level participation and development. A review of the Conservation Area Management Regulations of 1996 shows that there are several potential problems inherent in this designation. As written, the regulations move power from the government to organizations under governmental contract. Thus, management authority largely remains top-down from the standpoint of local users. We also question how well the designation will protect some sensitive wildlife species, since organizations do not have law enforcement authority under Nepalese legislation.Despite these concerns, there have been several successful conservation area programmes in existence in Nepal since the 1980s and most of the issues addressed are surmountable with the current regulations, providing that several criteria are met. We propose that His Majesty's Government and organizations under contract develop more definitive methods of disbursing funds for local-level projects, and institute social impact assessments. In addition, more attention must be paid to wildlife law enforcement; independent assessments of important wild populations and unique habitats are needed. Finally, we discuss some broader issues that should be better addressed in Nepal and elsewhere, including cross-sectoral coordination within the government.

scholarly journals Assessment of community awareness and risk perceptions of zoonotic causes of abortion in cattle at three selected livestock–wildlife interface areas of Zimbabwe

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NDENGU ◽  
M. DE GARINE-WICHATITSKY ◽  
D. M. PFUKENYI ◽  
M. TIVAPASI ◽  
B. MUKAMURI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Porous Interface ◽  
Transfrontier Conservation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Transfrontier Conservation Area

SUMMARYA study was conducted to assess the awareness of cattle abortions due to brucellosis, Rift Valley fever (RVF) and leptospirosis, and to compare frequencies of reported abortions in communities living at the periphery of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area in southeastern Zimbabwe. Three study sites were selected based on the type of livestock–wildlife interface: porous livestock–wildlife interface (unrestricted); non-porous livestock–wildlife interface (restricted by fencing); and livestock–wildlife non-interface (totally absent or control). Respondents randomly selected from a list of potential cattle farmers (N = 379) distributed at porous (40·1%), non-interface (35·5%) and non-porous (26·4%), were interviewed using a combined close- and open-ended questionnaire. Focus group discussions were conducted with 10–12 members of each community. More abortions in the last 5 years were reported from the porous interface (52%) and a significantly higher per cent of respondents from the porous interface (P < 0·05) perceived wildlife as playing a role in livestock abortions compared with the other interface types. The odds of reporting abortions in cattle were higher in large herd sizes (odds ratio (OR) = 2·6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·5–4·3), porous (OR = 1·9; 95% CI 1·0–3·5) and non-porous interface (OR = 2·2; 95% CI 1·1–4·3) compared with livestock–wildlife non-interface areas. About 21·6% of the respondents knew brucellosis as a cause of abortion, compared with RVF (9·8%) and leptospirosis (3·7%). These results explain to some extent, the existence of human/wildlife conflict in the studied livestock–wildlife interface areas of Zimbabwe, which militates against biodiversity conservation efforts. The low awareness of zoonoses means the public is at risk of contracting some of these infections. Thus, further studies should focus on livestock–wildlife interface areas to assess if the increased rates of abortions reported in cattle may be due to exposure to wildlife or other factors. The government of Zimbabwe needs to launch educational programmes on public health awareness in these remote areas at the periphery of transfrontier conservation areas where livestock–wildlife interface exists to help mitigate the morbidity and mortality of people from some of the known zoonotic diseases.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Concept of Conservation Ar ea Buffer Zone in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
S Nadhira ◽  
◽  
S Basuni
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Study Results

Conservation area buffer zones are recognized to provide ecological, social, and economic benefits in supporting conservation areas' integrity. Nevertheless, little is known hitherto about the development dynamics of conservation area buffer zones in Indonesia. Therefore, a study concerning theory, policy, and management of the conservation area buffer zones in Indonesia is necessary to analyze its performance, identify problems in its implementation, and formulate its evidence-based development policy. This study aims to identify and analyze issues in implementing the concept of conservation area buffer zone as well as recommend policy formulation to accelerate the development of conservation area buffer zones in Indonesia. This study is an exploratory research through a literature review with semi-systematic approach. It finds that there are only nine out of 530 (1.7%) conservation areas in Indonesia with a formally established buffer zone. This condition is mainly due to the absence of buffer zone institutions at the regional government levels. Meanwhile, the management of supposedly buffer zones has been conducted through various projects for strengthening the functions of buffer zones by conservation area managers, either in the form of land-based or non-land-based projects. This study results in recommendations for all interested parties to urge the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Ministry of Home Affairs to promulgate and renew the regulations concerning the procedures of establishing and managing conservation area buffer zones. Moreover, regarding the institutional aspect, there is a need for a particular structure in both ministries to address community empowerment issues at the site level.

scholarly journals Strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat Desa Tanjung Belit di sekitar Suaka Margasatwa Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau

Jurnal Zona ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Bastianto Bastianto ◽  
Sukendi Sukendi ◽  
Nofrizal Nofrizal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Reserve Area ◽  
The People ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
The Government ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

One of the problems faced in the management of conservation areas, including wildlife reserves, is the community activities in and around the area to meet their daily needs. They in general have traditionally carried on their traditional lives and most of them live at a very subsistence economic level. Therefore the success of the management of conservation areas including wildlife reserves is very dependent on the attitudes and support of the community both at the local and national level. Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve has been determined by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia through the Decree of the Minister of Forestry number SK.3977/Menhut-VII/KUH/2014 on May 23, 2014 with an area of 141,226.25 hectares (BBKSDA Riau, 2015). Tanjung Belit Village, Kampar Kiri Hulu Subdistrict, Kampar Regency is one of the villages bordering the Bukit Rimbang Hill Baling High School which has high public concern for the preservation of the forest, rivers and the surrounding environment. The people of Tanjung Belit Village have traditionally used natural resources in and around the Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve area to fulfill their daily needs by farming / gardening and collecting forest products and other river products. However, the availability of these forest and river resources, if taken continuously, will certainly decrease both in quality and quantity. While the necessities of life always increase along with the increasing population and the progress of the times. Therefore efforts should be made to the community and natural resources, so that the availability of natural resources and the necessities of life can be improved. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic conditions of the people of Tanjung Belit Village, identify the potential of Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve, formulate the Tanjung Belit Village community empowerment strategy around the Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. The research approach used in this study is a quantitative approach to the survey method.he results showed the socio-economic conditions of the people of Tanjung Belit Village were still classified as poor and less skilled. However, local wisdom and a strong will to try to be a social capital in community empowerment. The potential of Bukit Rimbang Hill Bukit Baling has quite high potential from flora, fauna and nature tourism, but for the development of agricultural business is still limited due to the status of the wildlife reserve. The results of the study can be formulated a strategy of community empowerment in the village of Tanjung Belit around Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve; (a) optimize land use in agricultural business development; (b) encourage training activities to improve human resources in the context of community empowerment; (c) active community involvement in the management of the Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve area; (d) increasing cooperation support between the government and stakeholders in developing infrastructure supporting natural tourism around the Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve. 

scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR REGION (NTT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Luh Putu Sudini
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Tourism Potential

Besides the tourism sector can increase economic growth, it also does not damage the environment and even stimulates environmental conservation. The tourism sector has become a global trend in the past three decades. World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) in 1998. Problems: 1) What is the urgency of tourism in the NTT region? And 2) How do you deal with the challenges of developing tourism in the NTT region? This research is empirical legal research. The urgency of tourism in the NTT region, among others: paying attention to tourism in the province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), which has the character of an archipelago, most of which consists of marine waters and is still lagging behind, it seems that the urgency of tourism in NTT is dominated by sea tourism or nature, such as national parks, Marine Conservation Areas, and Nature Parks (TWA). This is evident through the existence of 8 (eight) marine waters conservation areas owned by NTT Province. In addition, NTT Province also has a lot of potential in the marine sector, such as marine resources for capture and aquaculture; the potential for seaweed cultivation; potential of salt resources; and the potential for pearl cultivation, all of the marine potential is very supportive and influences the urgency of tourism for the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province. Efforts that can be made in order to deal with these challenges include: first, make improvements in the infrastructure sector, for example there is good coordination between the central and regional governments and cities in the NTT Province with regard to policies on water conservation area management or marine tourism in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT); second, maximizing the tourism potential in NTT through professional human resource de-velopment, improved tourism management facilities and third, online tourism publications optimized so that tourists are interested in traveling to the NTT Province; and in addition, supervise/control the applicable laws and regulations in ALKI that cross the sea waters, so that the existence of the ALKI does not interfere with the conservation of waters in the Sawu Sea.

Estimating tourism’s contribution to conservation area financing in Mozambique

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rylance
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Revenue Generation ◽  
Area Management

Financial sustainability of conservation areas is one of the cornerstones for enabling effective conservation management. However, the current status of conservation area funding is widely detached from the need, and this disparity is intensified in developing countries. Therefore, identifying and valuing the revenue streams and finance needs of conservation areas is an important step in the process to become financial sustainable. This paper assesses the revenue potential of conservation areas in Mozambique national parks and reserves. The analysis describes the revenue generation of 93 conservation areas in Mozambique in 2013 to (i) the economy, (ii) the Government of Mozambique and conservation area management authorities, as well as (iii) respective communities bordering conservation areas. The analysis determined that the total annual revenue generation within the conservation area network was USD 24.4 million in 2013 from tourism-linked activities. The component of total revenue that accrued to either national Government of Mozambique or conservation area management was USD 3.33 million in 2013, and USD 606,500 of this accrued to communities surrounding conservation areas. The research has demonstrated that revenue generation of the conservation area network contributes approximately 10% to the tourism sector’s total contribution to the economy of Mozambique. In addition, this research highlights the difficulties of revenue generation from conservation areas in least developed countries and the effects of a lack of data on justifying the value of a conservation area network from an economic perspective.

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