Fuel consumption and emission reduction of marine lean-burn gas engine employing a hybrid propulsion concept

As the emission legislation becomes further constraining, all manufacturers started to fulfill the future regulations about the prime movers in the market. Lean-burn gas engines operating under marine applications are also obligated to enhance the performance with a low emission level. Lean-burn gas engines are expressed as a cleaner source of power in steady loading than diesel engines, while in transient conditions of sea state, the unsteadiness compels the engine to respond differently than in the steady-state. This response leads to higher fuel consumption and an increase in emission formation. In order to improve the stability of the engine in transient conditions, this study presents a concept implementing a hybrid configuration in the propulsion system. An engine model is developed and validated in a range of load and speed by comparing it with the available measured data. The imposed torque into the developed engine model is smoothed out by implementing the hybrid concept, and its influence on emission reduction is discussed. It is shown that with the hybrid propulsion system, the NOX reduces up to 40% because of the maximum load reduction. Moreover, eliminating the low load operation by a Power Take In during incomplete propeller immersion, the methane slip declines significantly due to combustion efficiency enhancement.

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Modeling and Investigation of a Turboprop Hybrid Electric Propulsion System

Aerospace ◽

10.3390/aerospace5040123 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 123 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria Cameretti ◽

Andrea Del Pizzo ◽

Luigi Di Noia ◽

Michele Ferrara ◽

Ciro Pascarella

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Electric Propulsion ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Propulsion System ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Noise Emission ◽

Hybrid Propulsion ◽

Hybrid Electric ◽

Hybrid Configuration

Hybrid electric propulsion in the aviation field is becoming an effective alternative propulsion technology with potential advantages, including fuel savings, lower pollution, and reduced noise emission. On the one hand, the aeroengine manufacturers are working to improve fuel consumption and reduce pollutant emissions with new combustion systems; on the other hand, much attention is given to reducing the weight of the batteries increasing the energy density. Hybrid electric propulsion systems (HEPS) can take advantage of the synergy between two technologies by utilizing both internal combustion engines (ICEs) and electric motors (EMs) together, each operating at their respective optimum conditions. In the present work, some numerical investigations were carried out by using a zero-dimensional code able to simulate the flight mission of a turboprop aircraft, comparing fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of the original engine with other two smaller gas turbines working in hybrid configuration. An algorithm has been implemented to calculate the weight of the batteries for the different configurations examined, evaluating the feasibility of the hybrid propulsion system in terms of number of non-revenue passengers.

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Development of Hybrid Propulsion System for Energy Management and Emission Reduction in Maritime Transport System

Open Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.4236/ojms.2016.64040 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 06 (04) ◽

pp. 482-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Reza Karimpour ◽

Maryam Karimpour

Keyword(s):

Energy Management ◽

Transport System ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Propulsion System ◽

Maritime Transport ◽

Hybrid Propulsion

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An assessment on the efficient use of hybrid propulsion system in marine vessels

World Journal of Environmental Research ◽

10.18844/wjer.v10i2.5346 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 61-74

Author(s):

Murat Bayraktar ◽

Güldem A. Cerit

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Focal Point ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Propulsion System ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Maritime Industry ◽

Hybrid Propulsion ◽

Marine Vessels

Many improvements are performed in the maritime industry to ensure sustainability and energy efficiency. The use of hybrid propulsion systems (HPS) in marine vessels constitutes one of the developments in this field. In this study,both economic and environmental benefits are targeted. The study aims to reduce the high fuel consumption of the engine per unit power at low loads and minimization of emissions by sourcing them from main engine by HPS. Overcoming the limitations of Annex VI (Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) of International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) are desired and the research hopes for a beneficial result on Energy Efficiency Measures such as Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI). A comprehensive study is accomplished on the hybrid propulsion system components and the keywords used in the literature review are revealed. Furthermore, the articles that have “efficiency”, “vessel”, “propulsion” and “marine” topics published in Web of Science (WOS) between 1975-2020 are examined and 44 studies are obtained. The studies that have been reached are analyzed and interests of them are collect under the 18 heading and the focal point of each study is highlighted in article. According to the results, the hybrid system provides low fuel consumption, minimizes emissions and costs, complies with the regulations of the International Maritime Organization, uses renewable energy sources, encourages the use of electric motors in addition to internal combustion engines, increases the efficiency of energy storage systems among other things. This article will be a significant resource for academicians, experts and companies on the Hybrid propulsion system in setting their focus. Keywords: Hybrid propulsion, Energy saving, Global warming.

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Two-part modelling approach for ship engine simulations

10.5957/wmtc-2015-016 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

M. Godjevac ◽

P. de Vos ◽

H. Zhou ◽

C. Thiem

Keyword(s):

Mean Value ◽

Propulsion System ◽

Component Model ◽

First Principle ◽

Transient Conditions ◽

Ship Propulsion ◽

Engine Model ◽

Component Models ◽

Modelling Approach

When simulating a ship propulsion system, it is often required to evaluate various characteristics of a ship propulsion system and the selected modelling approach changes according to the goal of the simulation. For example, data-based models are sufficient for simulations of steady state conditions while first principle models are more suitable for transient conditions. Additionally, it is often necessary to compare different propulsion configurations. For component models, this might require different modelling approaches to describe various performances and/or different sets of parameters used to describe different propulsion configurations. Even though there are various databases of ship component models, none of them allows the user to change the modelling approach or pre-set values of parameters used to describe the component models. In order to allow the changing of the modelling approach together with the parameters of the component models, a novel two-part modelling approach is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach separates the component model into two parts: process and parametric part. By adjusting the process part of the component model, the modelling approach can easily be changed. And by adjusting the parametric part of the component model, it is possible to adjust the component’s characteristics and accommodate different configurations. In this investigation, a mean value first principle diesel engine model has been selected as a case study to demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed approach. As shown in the paper, the proposed approach allows the user to combine the benefits of a first principle model with the accuracy of the data based models. Additionally, the functional mock-up interface (FMI) standard has been used in the investigation to show that the proposed approach can be used in different software environments.

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Evaluating the Performances of Advanced Powertrains

Volume 2 ◽

10.1115/esda2004-58081 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Massimo Feola ◽

Fabrizio Martini ◽

Stefano Ubertini

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽

Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽

Hybrid Vehicles ◽

Propulsion System ◽

Road Vehicles ◽

Hybrid Propulsion ◽

Hybrid Electric

Over the last few decades a tremendous effort has been made to reduce road vehicles engines contribution to air pollution and fuel consumption. Due to the more stringent limits imposed by governments, various manufactures started working in the incorporation of alternative powertrain configurations, such as pure electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and fuel cell vehicles (FCV), in the automotive consumer market. In order to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of these new vehicles over conventional vehicles a comparison must be performed in terms of efficiency and pollutant emissions. However, hybrid vehicles comprise many components with at least two different energy conversion devices (i.e. internal combustion engine and electric machine) drawing energy from at least two different energy storage devices (i.e. fuel tank and battery). In recent times, many hybrid propulsion system configurations have emerged and many others can be imagined comprising multiple reversible and irreversible energy paths. Therefore, considering that in a hybrid vehicle at least two different forms of energy (i.e. fuel chemical energy and electricity) are consumed, fuel consumption alone is no more sufficient to give a measure of the effectiveness of a hybrid propulsion system. This paper presents a first attempt to give a general mathematical form of the traction energy, the global efficiency and the specific fuel consumption of a hybrid electric vehicle that recovers as particular cases the thermal vehicle and the series hybrid electric vehicle. To evaluate the efficiency of the generic propulsion system the complete process from fuel energy and electricity to power available at the wheels is considered. The introduced concept of equivalent fuel consumption can be the basis for the comparison between road vehicles whatever the powertrain is pure thermal or hybrid. In order to get a better understanding of the mathematical analysis and its potential effectiveness some numerical simulations of hybrid vehicles virtual prototypes are performed through a suitable simulation model. The aim of the present analysis is to provide an instrument that allow a quick evaluation of the performances of hybrid electric vehicles.

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Experimental evaluation of a hybrid electric propulsion system for small UAVs

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology ◽

10.1108/aeat-06-2019-0120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 92 (5) ◽

pp. 727-736

Author(s):

Leonardo Machado ◽

Jay Matlock ◽

Afzal Suleman

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Electric Propulsion ◽

Test Bench ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Propulsion System ◽

Content Type ◽

Hybrid Propulsion ◽

Electric Propulsion System ◽

Parallel Hybrid ◽

Hybrid Electric

Purpose This paper aims to experimentally evaluate the performance of a parallel hybrid propulsion system for use in small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Design/methodology/approach The objective is to combine all the individual components of the hybrid electric propulsion system (HEPS) into a modular test bench to characterize the performance of a parallel hybrid propulsion system, and to evaluate a rule-based controller based on the ideal operating line concept for the control of the power plant. Electric motor (EM) designed to supplement the power of the internal combustion engine (ICE) to reduce the overall fuel consumption, with the supervisory controller optimizing ICE torque. Findings The EM was able to supplement the power of the ICE to reduce fuel consumption, and proved the capability of acting as a generator to recharge the batteries drawing from ICE power. Furthermore, the controller showed that it is possible to reduce the fuel consumption with a HEPS when compared to its gasoline counterpart by running simulated representative UAV missions. The findings also highlighted the challenges to build and integrate the HEPS in small UAVs. Originality/value The modularity of the test bench allows each component to be changed to assess its impact on the performance of the system. This allows for further exploration and improvements of the HEPS in a controlled environment.

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Saving Hydrogen Fuel Consumption and Operating at High Efficiency of Fuel Cell in Hybrid System to Power UAV

Journal of Earth Energy Engineering ◽

10.25299/jeee.2021.5630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 32-42

Author(s):

Baba Omar ◽

Al Savvaris ◽

Rahil O ◽

Abdulhadi ◽

Muhammad Khairul Afdhol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Fuel Cell ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Hybrid System ◽

Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Propulsion System ◽

Hydrogen Fuel ◽

Optimal Point ◽

Hybrid Propulsion

The present fuel cell technology is under considerations as a potential power source for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Fuel cells are an electrochemical power plant that takes hydrogen and oxygen as inputs and produces electricity, water and heat as outputs. Most of the global hydrogen production is from non-renewable fossil fuels. Therefore, this paper investigates how to save hydrogen fuel consumption and operate at high efficiency in the fuel cell/battery hybrid system to power a small Aircraft. We achieved that by working on the power management of the fuel cell/battery hybrid propulsion system for small UAV by using the fuzzy logic controller and charging up the batteries. The hybrid propulsion system consists of a 1.2kW PEM fuel cell, three 12V batteries, DC/DC converters, and an electric engine. The fuzzy logic controls the batteries' output powers through the bidirectional DC/DC converter. It will help maintain the fuel cell operates at an optimal point with high efficiency as the main power supply for different flight phases to achieve the desired power.

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Assessment of a hybrid propulsion system for short-mid range application with a low-order code

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202131211005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 312 ◽

pp. 11005

Author(s):

Alberto Amerini ◽

Leonardo Langone ◽

Riccardo Vadi ◽

Antonio Andreini

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Electric Propulsion ◽

Propulsion System ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Propulsion Systems ◽

Hybrid Propulsion ◽

Electric System ◽

Hybrid Configuration ◽

And Control ◽

Low Order

The increase in air traffic expected in the next years must be accompanied by innovation to ensure the lowest possible environmental impact. Hybrid electric-thermal propulsion systems are currently being investigated and could represent a breakthrough for environmental sustainability in the sector. However, the transition to electric propulsion remains challenging due to the current level of energy density related to storage systems, the additional components associated with power conversion and control systems, not to mention the cost of all the associated equipment. The purpose of this study is to carry out a preliminary assessment of a hybrid propulsion system for a short-mid range aircraft. This study investigates the series hybrid configuration, where a turboshaft, a high temperature superconducting (HTS) electric motor, batteries and power converters interact to provide the necessary propulsion for flight. A zero-dimensional procedure is developed to estimate the mass and efficiency of the powertrain components for a selected flight mission. Thermal engines are modeled with the low-order code and coupled with the components of the electric system through a python routine. A comparison in terms of weight and emissions is reported for the designed hybrid propulsion system and the conventional one. The analysis shows that the weight of the two propulsion systems is similar but, the presence of batteries, even considering a higher level of technology than the current one, leads to a significant increase in the weight of the hybrid aircraft. The second part of the study focuses on pollutant emissions, showing that the hybrid system can reduce CO2 emissions by 58% and NOx emissions by 68% compared to the conventional system. Despite the excellent premise, the reduction in payload for the hybrid aircraft causes a reduction in pollutant emissions per passenger only for NOx. For this reason, further technological improvement is needed to make hybrid propulsion advantageous in terms of both payload and pollutant emissions.

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