An assessment on the efficient use of hybrid propulsion system in marine vessels

Many improvements are performed in the maritime industry to ensure sustainability and energy efficiency. The use of hybrid propulsion systems (HPS) in marine vessels constitutes one of the developments in this field. In this study,both economic and environmental benefits are targeted. The study aims to reduce the high fuel consumption of the engine per unit power at low loads and minimization of emissions by sourcing them from main engine by HPS. Overcoming the limitations of Annex VI (Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) of International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) are desired and the research hopes for a beneficial result on Energy Efficiency Measures such as Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI). A comprehensive study is accomplished on the hybrid propulsion system components and the keywords used in the literature review are revealed. Furthermore, the articles that have “efficiency”, “vessel”, “propulsion” and “marine” topics published in Web of Science (WOS) between 1975-2020 are examined and 44 studies are obtained. The studies that have been reached are analyzed and interests of them are collect under the 18 heading and the focal point of each study is highlighted in article. According to the results, the hybrid system provides low fuel consumption, minimizes emissions and costs, complies with the regulations of the International Maritime Organization, uses renewable energy sources, encourages the use of electric motors in addition to internal combustion engines, increases the efficiency of energy storage systems among other things. This article will be a significant resource for academicians, experts and companies on the Hybrid propulsion system in setting their focus. Keywords: Hybrid propulsion, Energy saving, Global warming.

Waste management education: A driven concern for academic community

The current research evaluated waste management education-related articles – in which a total of 172 articles identified. At the same time, 70 articles were mainly connected to the research topic and considered high rated journals as a database for the study. Consequently, qualitative content analyses of the articles were done manually and by analysing search results system. The content analysis results revealed the trend of the article's publication yearly- theoretically, practically and methodologically. The analysis disclosed less attention and emphasis given to 3Rs and landfill according to the percentage rating (2.90%) of 66 related articles on waste management education. Thus, the essence of waste reduction and waste education need to be reinforced among various waste generators and the rules and activities regarding waste reduction need to be acknowledged and initiated. Awareness and enthusiastic, forthcoming events and encouragements occupied a vital position in how discarded materials could minimise. This study significantly upon the ground of conclusion, calls for more papers and further research from various academic communities in context. KEYWORDS: Academic Communities; Education; Landfill; Management; Methodologically; Practically; Theoretically; Waste; 3Rs (Reduce, Recycle and Re-use waste)

Increasing ship energy efficiency with diesel-electric propulsion system

Today, the goal of reducing fossil fuel consumption and increasing the use of renewable energy is one of the most important issues in the maritime field. Regulations created by IMO in order to prevent environmental and air pollution in the maritime field have increased its effect day by day and made it necessary to move away from conventional systems and turn to alternative systems. Although studies in the area of using fully electric marine vehicles or using fully renewable energy systems are also ongoing, they are not preferred due to the high costs and lack of sustainability. While the use of Diesel Electric (DE) Propulsion System in marine vehicles is one of the alternatives in this field, it may be the most efficient choice with the improvements made on this system. The aim of this study is to examine the increase in ship energy efficiency using diesel-electric propulsion systems rather than the original ferry system.In the study, the historical development of the DE Propulsion System was investigated and other studies on the subject were examined. Detailed navigation data of a ferry using fossil fuels in the Gulf of Izmir were recorded, and a case study was carried out to examine the status of this ship's DE Propulsion System by using data such as engine load and fuel consumption. According to the results obtained, it has been revealed that using the DE Propulsion System can be much more efficient in terms of fuel consumption and emissions. It has been observed that the system provides benefits in terms of reliability and reduction of noise pollution. For future studies, it may be aimed to provide the ferry to be charged from the port and to increase the benefits of the system by using renewable energy. Keywords: Diesel-Electric, Energy Efficiency, Emission,ship

Increasing efficiency with biomimetic approach in thermoregulative building envelope strategies supporting internal thermal comfort

There has been a plea for sustainable use of resources since the twentieth century. Buildings are known to consume forty percent of the world’s resources. Resources such as gas, oil, coal and electrical energy used in heating, cooling and ventilation of buildings are limited, as well as causing air pollution and climate change. For this reason, the energy resources used in the buildings should be used effectively, considering environmental concerns. The aim of this study is to describe the shift in efficient use of energy in buildings using a biomimetic approach in thermoregulative building envelope strategies that support internal thermal comfort. In this study, passive systems integrated into buildings which use solar energy, one of the renewable energy sources for heating, cooling and ventilation purposes have been examined. The methods followed by nature in using solar energy are discussed with the biomimetic approach and suggestions have been made to support the increase of energy efficiency by applying the obtained teachings to passive building envelopes. Keywords: biomimetics; building envelope; kinetic building envelope; passive strategies; Thermal comfort

Determining the optimum medium voltage level by analysis of different voltage levels

Electric energy, which is the main input of the growing world economy, depending on the consumption of the rapidly increasing world population and the devices fed with this energy, have become more indispensable in our lives with each passing day. In the consumption of electrical energy, determining the voltage level plays an important role in planning distribution systems that will directly affect consumers. Distribution systems in our country have been established at different levels for technical and financial reasons. Incorrect choices that can be made during the determination of the voltage level in distribution systems may increase energy unit costs and network losses, and may cause insulation and reliability problems. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum voltage level in distribution systems. A pilot region was determined for a local electricity distribution network in our country, and modeling and analysis were carried out at different voltage levels in the region with the help of a numerical analysis program. According to the results achieved, Insulation and reliability problems at low voltages are few and economic in terms of investment costs, but it has been observed that the operating load and cost are high due to high network losses. In high voltages, although the operating burden and cost are relatively low, it has been observed that the investment costs are high and the isolation and reliability problems are high. Keywords: cost; distribution; investment; operating ;Voltage

Danube Delta - a unique place in Europe

At the end of a flowing route that exceeds 2,860 km, through an impressive catchment area that covers more than 80% of Europe, the Danube, the second largest river in Europe, intersects the Black Sea forming the delta which is known as one of the great wetlands of the planet. The stretches of water and land formed here offer good living conditions to many species of plants and animals. The purpose of this study was to create several maps that present these aspects of the Danube Delta wetland using a set of GIS technologies. Since the GIS technology is an important tool in the analysis of geographic areas, we managed to obtain the following maps: hypsometric, slope, slope orientation and flood direction. Since September 1990, the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve has been recognised internationally as a wetland; specifically, the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve has been recognised internationally as a wetland, especially for water birds habitat. The value of the World Heritage Site of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve was recognised in December 1990 by including more than half of its surface into the World Cultural and Natural Heritage List. Keywords: Danube Delta, flood accumulation, natural heritage, slope, wetlands.

Issues related to creation of borders of the agricultural production space in land consolidation processes in Poland with consideration of soil, water and agricultural landscape protection

The idea of rural areas development in the European Union has been implemented according to sustainable development rules. This approach is also valid in case of Polish rural areas, in particular when arrangement of borders of the agricultural production space is considered. Changes in density and sizes of farms in Poland exposed and intensified situation when agricultural production resources are not utilised, as well as degradation of the natural environment. From the perspective of the agricultural policy it has been estimated that in Poland the process of land concentration should be combined with the process of reduction of the number of farms. This process is performed in Polish conditions in the form of surveying works - in particular, as land consolidation operations. The necessity to follow the sustainable development rules proved that land consolidation works cover too narrow scope of conventional solutions. This process should not ignore ecological, environmental aspects, as well as other aspects related to spatial arrangement and landscape. The paper will discuss solutions of conventional land consolidation works performed in Poland, their scopes and estimation of demands. The land consolidation process is most important in transformation of the agricultural production space, where the basic objective is to improve the farm organisational space with consideration of environmental protection and landscape arrangements. The paper will also present and characterise the possibilities of solutions in the field of soil, water and agricultural landscape protection from the perspective of land consolidation works performed in Poland. Keywords: land consolidation, agricultural production space, borders.

A comparative study on conventional and modern maximum power point tracking algorithms applied to photovoltaic systems

The main goal of maximum power point (MPP) tracking control is to extract the maximum photovoltaic (PV) power by finding the optimal operating point under varying atmospheric conditions to improve the efficiency of PV systems. In recent years, the field of tracking the MPP of PV systems has attracted the interest of many researchers from the industry and academia. This research paper presents a comparative study between the modern fuzzy logic based controller and the conventional perturb & observe (P&O) technique. The comparative study was carried out under different weather conditions in order to analyse and evaluate the performance of the PV system. The overall system simulation has been performed using Matlab/Simulink software environment. The simulation results show that the dynamic behaviour exhibited by the modern fuzzy controller outperforms that of the conventional controller (P&O) in terms of response time and damping characteristics. Keywords: MPPT, photovoltaic system, fuzzy logic control, P&O algorithm.

Evaluation of five various technologies of PV panels for Si production using Sahara sand silica source

The Sahara Solar Breeder (SSB) project is a joint Japanese-Algerian universities project to utilise the plentiful sand and solar energy in the Sahara desert. In the context of the SSB project, a Sahara Solar Energy Research Center was created at the University of Saida in Algeria. This centre is equipped with the meteorological monitoring system, the outside photovoltaic panels evaluation systems and the underground temperature measurement system. In this paper, a description of these types of equipment of this centre is presented. Also, some important data such as irradiance, temperature, energy, I–V curves and underground temperature measurement are presented and analysed. Finally, a discussion on the usefulness of these data for the SSB project will be discussed. Keywords: Sahara Solar Breeder project, solar irradiation, air temperature, underground temperature, PV module, I–V curve

Improvement technique of direct torque control of DFIG based on wind energy conversion system

This paper presents a comparative study between two strategies for the direct torque control (DTC) of the doubly fed induction generator based on the wind energy conversion system. The first method is a conventional DTC and it is based on hysteresis controllers where the torque and the flux are regulated by these controllers. The second one is DTC by space vector modulation strategy (DTC-SVM) where the torque and flux are regulated by PI controllers. The main feature of the proposed (DTC-SVM) strategy is the reduction of torque and flux ripples. Simulation results of this proposed system were analysed using the MATLAB environment. Keywords: Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), wind power generation systems, direct torque control (DTC), space vector modulation (SVM).