Practices of exclusion, narratives of inclusion: Violence, population movements and identity politics in post-2014 northern Iraq

Ethnicities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Costantini ◽  
Dylan O’Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Civic Identity ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Internally Displaced People ◽  
Displaced People

This article examines the practices and narratives of inclusion and exclusion in Iraq in relation to ethnic and religious minorities displaced by the Islamic State and the resulting war. Examining the displacement in Iraq through the lens of citizenship, and utilising 29 in-depth qualitative interviews with internally displaced people (IDPs) in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, this article argues that displacement has been accompanied by practices and narratives meant to include internally displaced people in a particularistic articulation of belonging rather than to ensure a substantive participation as Iraqi or Kurdistan Region of Iraq citizens. Rhetoric of citizenship in Iraq changes between civic and ethnosectarian belonging based on conflict dynamics and the competition for power, whilst remaining ethnosectarian in reality. Thus, internally displaced people and their citizenship have become entangled in wider ethnosectarian competition in Iraq, and narratives and practices of citizenship change to fit the objectives of these wider actors, mainly Baghdad and Erbil, rather than being based on inclusiveness and civic identity.

Reconciliation of Identity Groups in Iraq

2019 ◽  
pp. 707-726
Author(s):  
Nazar Jamil Abdulazeez
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ethnic Tension ◽  
Displaced People

Since the parliamentary elections in 31st April 2014, the political process in Iraq described as a fragile, ethnic tension have mounted and security situation declined tremendously with the rises of Islamic State in Sunni Arab populated areas. Since 10th June 2014, over a million internally displaced people approached Iraqi Kurdistan Region in a two-week time period. More than 300,000 monitories, including Yazidi Kurds and Christians, have fled to Duhok city. Additionally, over 40,000 civilians Yazidis trapped for a week in the mountain of Snjar, running from Islamic State (IS). This text works out measures for accommodating conflicts and claims of Iraqi sectarian groups. In order to explore and assess application of those means in conflict accommodation in Iraq, first, this text analyses the conflict through identifying actors, outlines the structure of the conflict and change in the dynamic of the conflict over the time. Second section of this text, illustrates the means for reconciliation of different identities in the world of politics based on the conflict analysis.

scholarly journals The displacement of the Yezidis after the rise of ISIS in Northern Iraq

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Dulz
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
The Impact

In the summer of 2014 the expansion of “The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant” (ISIL/ISIS) from Syria into Iraqi territory triggered the displacement of two to three hundred thousand members of the Yezidi community in Northern Iraq. Displaced from Sinjar and other districts in the Nineveh governorate, the majority of Yezidis are hosted in the Dohuk governorate and are living there as internally displaced persons. The article explores the impact of the displacement from different angles and investigates the impact on the Yezidi community as well as the impact on ethnic and religious aspects of social life in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.Abstract in KurmanjiKoçberbûna Êzdiyan piştî peydabûna DAIŞê li Bakurê IraqêHavîna 2014an, belavbûna “Dewleta Îslamî ya Iraq û Şamê” (DAIŞ) ji Surî bo nav axa Iraqê, bû sebebê jicihbûn û koçberiya dused-sêsed hezar endamên civaka êzdî li Bakurê Iraqê. Piraniya êzdiyên ji Şingalê û navçeyên din ên wîlayeta Mûsilê penaber bûyî, li wilayeta Duhokê dihewin an jî wek penaberên navxweyî li wir dijîn. Ev gotar berê xwe dide vekolîna tesîra jicihbûn an koçberbûnê ji nêrînên cuda û tesîra wê li ser civaka êzdî ligel tesîra wê ya li ser aliyên qewmî û dînî yên jiyana civakî li Herêma Kurdistanê ya Iraqê. Abstract in Sorani

The Yazidis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Allison
Keyword(s):  
Belief System ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Educationally Disadvantaged ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Internal Pressures

One of the world’s most endangered religious minorities, the Yazidis are a predominantly Kurdish-speaking group numbering some 500,000 souls, who once inhabited a wide area stretching across eastern Turkey, northern Syria, northern Iraq, and western Iran. Of these territories, only the community in Iraq still numbers in the hundreds of thousands. Most come from two areas: Sheikhan, a collection of villages and towns to the northeast of Mosul, and Sinjar, a mountain to the northwest close to the border with Syria. Until recently these areas seemed stable; however, in August 2014, the so-called Islamic State (Da‘esh) attacked the ancient community of Yazidis of Mount Sinjar, massacring hundreds of men, enslaving thousands of women and children, and driving the population of some 350,000 Yazidis into camps for internally displaced persons in the Kurdistan region. They are targeted because of their non-Abrahamic religion; for many years they have been erroneously known as “devil-worshippers.” In fact, their belief system incorporates visible elements from the three “religions of the Book” (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) and traces of lesser-known religions, upon a substratum that may derive from Iranian religions (Zoroastrianism or similar). It is not a proselytizing faith, and religious relationships within the community are determined by birth. Marrying out is traditionally forbidden. Yazidis are relative newcomers to urban life and are often socially, economically, and educationally disadvantaged. Internal pressures, especially from the youth, to “modernize” the religion have existed at least since the 1990s. However, the main drive toward change comes now from the Yazidis’ loss of confidence in their safety in Iraq and their consequent migration toward Europe and the stresses of diaspora life. At the same time, an increasingly activist younger generation is demanding justice. The future of Yazidism is unclear, but it will certainly never be the same again.

Reconciliation of Identity Groups in Iraq

2016 ◽  
pp. 278-297
Author(s):  
Nazar Jamil Abdulazeez
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ethnic Tension ◽  
Displaced People

Since the parliamentary elections in 31st April 2014, the political process in Iraq described as a fragile, ethnic tension have mounted and security situation declined tremendously with the rises of Islamic State in Sunni Arab populated areas. Since 10th June 2014, over a million internally displaced people approached Iraqi Kurdistan Region in a two-week time period. More than 300,000 monitories, including Yazidi Kurds and Christians, have fled to Duhok city. Additionally, over 40,000 civilians Yazidis trapped for a week in the mountain of Snjar, running from Islamic State (IS). This text works out measures for accommodating conflicts and claims of Iraqi sectarian groups. In order to explore and assess application of those means in conflict accommodation in Iraq, first, this text analyses the conflict through identifying actors, outlines the structure of the conflict and change in the dynamic of the conflict over the time. Second section of this text, illustrates the means for reconciliation of different identities in the world of politics based on the conflict analysis.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic stress disorder correlates among internally displaced Yazidi population following Islamic state of Iraq and Syria attacks in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Perjan Hashim Taha ◽  
Nezar Ismet Taib ◽  
Hushyar Musa Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Northern Iraq

Abstract Background In 2014, the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) took over one-third of Iraq. This study measured the rate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Iraqi Yazidi internally displaced persons (IDPs) and examined associated demographic and traumatic risk factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in April–June 2015 at the Khanke camp, northern Iraq. Trauma exposure and PTSD were measured by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (Iraqi version). Results Of 814 adult Yazidi IDPs, 34% screened positive for PTSD. Avoidance and intrusion symptoms had the highest means (M = 3.16, SD = 0.86 and M = 2.63, SD = 0.59 respectively). Associated factors of PTSD included exposure to a high number of traumatic events, unmet basic needs and having witnessed the destruction of residential or religious areas (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.02–1.9 and OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01–1.53 respectively). Being a widow was the only linked demographic factor (OR = 15.39, 95% CI: 3.02–78.39). Conclusions High traumatic exposure, specifically unmet basic needs and having witnessed destruction, was an important predictor of PTSD among Yazidi IDPs. These findings are important for mental health planning for IDPs in camps.

scholarly journals Differences in the Incidence of Malaria between Internally Displaced People and General Population of Colombia from 2007 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 319-320
Author(s):  
A.J. Rodriguez-Morales ◽  
H.A. Bedoya-Arias ◽  
N. Sánchez-Ramírez ◽  
J.E. Bedoya-Arias ◽  
N. Hurtado-Hurtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Internally Displaced People ◽  
Displaced People

The unmet needs of refugees and internally displaced people

The Lancet ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 392 (10164) ◽  
pp. 2530-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Miliband ◽  
Mesfin Teklu Tessema
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Internally Displaced People ◽  
Displaced People

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge and practices of Internally Displaced pregnant women attending to antenatal clinic center at Arbat camp in Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Layla Abdulkhalk Abass
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Internally Displaced

Internally displaced persons are peoples displaced in it is own country but not crossed a border. After (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria attacked in 2014 to Iraq, millions of Iraqi people flee from their own city war zone to safe camps in Kurdistan region north of Iraq, Arbat camp is one of these camps. Iraqi civilian people constitute most new displacement persons around the world as at least 2.2 million were displaced in 2014. An important part of basic maternal health care is antenatal care that must be provided during pregnancy. Aim of this study is to provide demographic data of Internally Displaced Persons pregnant women and the effect on antenatal care knowledge and practices among of Arbat camp that visits to camp health centers on their health. Assessment of knowledge and practices of pregnant women about antennal care. A cross-sectional descriptive study has been conducted to assess the knowledge and practices of (103) women attended to antenatal care of internally displaced persons) at Arbat camps between 1 January to 30 June 2016. Data collected through the questionnaire form by face-to-face interview. Statistical analyses performed by using SPSS version 16.0, to find descriptive analysis like percentage and frequency and for relative statistical analysis. The results have revealed that most of the pregnant women were in the active reproductive age group 18-25 years old 56(54.4%) pregnant women, housewives 102(99%), illiterate 48(46.6%) pregnant women, were in families that have low income with 48(46.6%) pregnant women with significant relation to the knowledge and practices to antenatal care. In conclusion, most pregnant women have very good knowledge about antenatal care except about performing oral health hygiene during pregnancy. The majority of pregnant women in camps have very good knowledge about all practices that must be do during antenatal except taking medication without a physician prescription.

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