High protein diets and renal disease – is there a relationship in people with type 2 diabetes?

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Parry-Strong ◽  
Murray Leikis ◽  
Jeremy D Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Effects of high-protein diets on body weight, glycaemic control, blood lipids and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Yi Dong ◽  
Zeng-Li Zhang ◽  
Pei-Yu Wang ◽  
Li-Qiang Qin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

High-protein diets are popular for weight management, but the health effects of such diets in diabetic persons are inconclusive. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to examine the effects of high-protein diets on body weight and metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. We searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases for relevant randomised trials up to August 2012. Either a fixed- or a random-effects model was used to combine the net changes in each outcome from baseline to the end of the intervention. Overall, nine trials including a total of 418 diabetic patients met our inclusion criteria. The study duration ranged from 4 to 24 weeks. The actual intake of dietary protein ranged from 25 to 32 % of total energy in the intervention groups and from 15 to 20 % in the control groups. Compared with the control diets, high-protein diets resulted in more weight loss (pooled mean difference: − 2·08, 95 % CI − 3·25, − 0·90 kg). High-protein diets significantly decreased glycated Hb A1C (HbA1C) levels by 0·52 (95 % CI − 0·90, − 0·14) %, but did not affect the fasting blood glucose levels. There were no differences in lipid profiles. The pooled net changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were − 3·13 (95 % CI − 6·58, 0·32) mmHg and − 1·86 (95 % CI − 4·26, 0·56) mmHg, respectively. However, two studies reported a large influence on weight loss and HbA1C levels, respectively. In summary, high-protein diets (within 6 months) may have some beneficial effects on weight loss, HbA1C levels and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, further investigations are still required to draw a conclusion.

scholarly journals High protein diet: benefits and risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
M. V. Altashina ◽  
E. V. Ivannikova ◽  
E. A. Troshina
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Mineral Bone Density

The nature of human nutrition has become increasingly important as an effective element in the prevention and treatment of many pathologies, especially obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. High protein diets are some of the most popular eating patterns and the Dukan diet has taken the lead in popularity among the diets of this type. An increase of protein in the diet is effective in reducing body weight, primarily due to the loss of adipose tissue, without a significant effect on muscle mass. Another advantage of a high-protein diet is earlier and longer satiety compared to other diets, which makes it comfortable for use. Besides obesity, high protein diets are presumably effective for treating such diseases as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases However, despite the important advantages, this nutritional model is not universal and is contraindicated in patients with diseases of liver, kidneys and osteoporosis. Besides, the prolonged use of a high protein diet may increase the risks of urolithiasis and reduced mineral bone density even for healthy individuals. Thus, the increase in the proportion of protein in the diet should take place exclusively under the supervision of a physician.

scholarly journals High-Protein Diets for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Malaeb ◽  
Caitlin Bakker ◽  
Lisa S Chow ◽  
Anne E Bantle
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Glycemic Outcomes ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

ABSTRACT Diet has the potential to be a powerful and cost-effective tool for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). High-protein diets have shown promise for this purpose. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate whether high-protein diets improve glycemic outcomes in people with T2D. We conducted a systematic search of literature published prior to 1 February 2018 to find clinical studies of high-protein diet patterns for treatment of T2D in human participants. A high-protein diet was defined as a diet with protein content greater than that of a typical diet in the United States (>16% of total energy as protein). Studies were excluded if weight loss >5% occurred or if no glycemic outcomes were measured. A total of 21 independent articles met our criteria and were included. Most tested diets had a protein content of around 30% of total energy. Many studies supported the use of high-protein diets for patients with T2D, but were limited by small size (n = 8–32) and short duration (1–24 wk). Randomized controlled trials tended to be larger (n = 12–419) and longer (6 wk–2 y), and had mixed results, with many trials showing no difference between a high-protein diet and control. Many randomized controlled trials were limited by low compliance and high dropout rates >15%. There were no consistent beneficial or detrimental effects of high-protein diets on renal or cardiovascular outcomes. Evidence was insufficient to recommend 1 type of protein (plant or animal) over the other. Our review suggests that interventions to improve compliance with diet change over the long term may be equally important as specific macronutrient recommendations for treatment of T2D.

Does high dietary protein intake contribute to the increased risk of developing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes?

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Oana Ancu ◽  
Monika Mickute ◽  
Nicola D. Guess ◽  
Nicholas M. Hurren ◽  
Nicholas A. Burd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

Insulin resistance is a complex metabolic disorder implicated in the development of many chronic diseases. While it is generally accepted that body mass loss should be the primary approach for the management of insulin resistance-related disorders in overweight and obese individuals, there is no consensus among researchers regarding optimal protein intake during dietary restriction. Recently, it has been suggested that increased plasma branched-chain amino acids concentrations are associated with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The exact mechanism by which excessive amino acid availability may contribute to insulin resistance has not been fully investigated. However, it has been hypothesised that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 hyperactivation in the presence of amino acid overload contributes to reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake because of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) degradation and reduced Akt-AS160 activity. In addition, the long-term effects of high-protein diets on insulin sensitivity during both weight-stable and weight-loss conditions require more research. This review focusses on the effects of high-protein diets on insulin sensitivity and discusses the potential mechanisms by which dietary amino acids can affect insulin signalling. Novelty: Excess amino acids may over-activate mTOR, resulting in desensitisation of IRS-1 and reduced insulin-mediated glucose uptake.

scholarly journals Effects of a high protein diet on body weight and comorbidities associated with obesity

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (S2) ◽  
pp. S122-S129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Harmful Effects

Red meat intake has been frequently associated with the development of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes but vegetable protein has been associated with protection from these diseases. Whether this is related to the protein per se or to the increased polyunsaturated fat or higher fibre levels associated with more vegetarian diets is not clear.High protein diets are associated with greater satiety and in some studies are associated with greater weight loss compared with high carbohydrate diets especially in an ad libitum design. These diets also lower plasma triglyceride and blood pressure and sometimes spare lean mass. There appear to be no harmful effects of high protein diets on bone density or renal function in weight loss studies.

scholarly journals PGNMID in a patient with diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 239936932098478
Author(s):  
Joana Marques ◽  
Patrícia Cotovio ◽  
Mário Góis ◽  
Helena Sousa ◽  
Fernando Nolasco
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Diabetic nephropathy is a well known complication of diabetes mellitus and the leader cause of end -stage renal disease worldwide. Nonetheless, other forms of renal involvement can occur in diabetic population. Since it has prognostic and therapeutic implications, differentiating non-diabetic renal disease from diabetic nephropathy is of great importance. We report an 80-year-old man with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, who presented with rapid deterioration of renal function, nephrotic proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and leukocyturia. The atypical clinical presentation prompted us to perform a kidney biopsy. A diagnosis of proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (light chain only variant) was made, with however some chronic histological aspects which made us took a conservative therapeutic attitude. We emphasize that other causes of chronic proteinuric kidney disease should be considered in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, based on clinical suspicion, absence of other organ damage and mostly if an atypical presentation is seen. We review the spectrum of monoclonal gammopathies of renal significance, focusing on this rare and newly describe entity.

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