Resurrecting Old Arguments: Responding to Four Essays

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Bodily Resurrection ◽  
The World

AbstractThe author is grateful for the attention given to his book The Resurrection of the Son of God by the four reviewers. David Bryan is right to highlight the Enoch literature as a more fertile source of resurrection ideas than the book allowed for; but he has overstated his objection. Granted that the stream of thought represented by resurrection is more diverse even than RSG allowed, the book's argument did not hinge on the wide spread of resurrection belief at the time but on the meaning of 'resurrection', i.e. a two-stage post-mortem existence, the second stage being a new embodiment. Bryan's suggested elevation of Enoch, Elijah and others as precursors of the exaltation of Jesus fails in that these figures neither die nor are resurrected. James Crossley's counter-proposal—resurrection stories grew from 'visions' which gave rise to the idea of an empty tomb as an attempt to 'vindicate' the 'ideas and beliefs of Jesus'—fails on several counts, not least because it ignores Jesus' kingdom-proclamation which was not the promulgation of ideas and beliefs but the announcement that Israel's God was going to do something that would claim his sovereignty over the world. Michael Goulder revives the highly contentious hypothesis that the early Church was polarized between the Jerusalem apostles, who believed in a non-bodily resurrection, and Pauline Christians for whom the resurrection was bodily. The claim that Mark 16.1-8 is full of contradictions and impossibilities is rejected. Larry Hurtado warns against downplaying the role of experience both in the Christian life and in describing the devotion and liturgy of the early Church. While cautioning against the use of the word 'metaphor' to mean 'less than fully real', I acknowledge the force of the argument, and suggest the cognitive processes I propose and the devotional life sketched by Hurtado are complementary.

HAEMODYNAMIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF PREECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRA M BERNSTEIN ◽  
MARILYN J CIPOLLA
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Injury ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Abnormal Placentation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage

Current hypotheses regarding the origins of preeclampsia have focused on the “Two stage model”. This model suggests that the primary steps in the pathophysiologic sequence of preeclampsia are initiated by abnormal placentation including the classic finding of abnormal trophoblast invasion of maternal decidual spiral arteries. The second stage of the sequence includes the elaboration of a single or multiple substances from these disordered placentas which contribute to the generalized maternal systemic illness, eventually manifesting as endothelial injury, hypertension and proteinuria. Recent studies have focused on the role of pro and anti-angiogenic peptides as potential placentally derived aetiologic agents in this pathophysiologic sequence, although other placental products have been highlighted in recent research. Despite the fact that this modeling of preeclampsia has widespread support significant limitations to this hypothesis can be identified.

scholarly journals The Free Improvisation Game: Performing John Zorn’s Cobra

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Van der Schyff
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Music Psychology ◽  
Free Improvisation ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Musical Communication

The use of improvisation is wide spread in musical practice around the world. Nevertheless, Western academic circles tend to ignore this ubiquitous activity and have maintained a focus on composition and interpretation. This is beginning to change, however, and the role of improvisation in performance and music education is receiving an increasing amount of attention. This paper contributes to this project by examining the practice of ‘free improvisation’ in a large ensemble context. A rehearsal and performance of John Zorn’s Cobra––a ‘game’ piece for improvisers––is analyzed from a first-person perspective; relevant research in music psychology is considered; and suggestions are made with regard to how we may better understand the nature of musical communication in improvised contexts. Pedagogical applications are also considered.

scholarly journals Targeting the Oncogenic FGF-FGFR Axis in Gastric Carcinogenesis

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinglin Zhang ◽  
Patrick M. K. Tang ◽  
Yuhang Zhou ◽  
Alfred S. L. Cheng ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Oncogenic Pathways ◽  
The World ◽  
Clinical Correlations

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most wide-spread malignancies in the world. The oncogenic role of signaling of fibroblast growing factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) in gastric tumorigenesis has been gradually elucidated by recent studies. The expression pattern and clinical correlations of FGF and FGFR family members have been comprehensively delineated. Among them, FGF18 and FGFR2 demonstrate the most prominent driving role in gastric tumorigenesis with gene amplification or somatic mutations and serve as prognostic biomarkers. FGF-FGFR promotes tumor progression by crosstalking with multiple oncogenic pathways and this provides a rational therapeutic strategy by co-targeting the crosstalks to achieve synergistic effects. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the pathogenic mechanisms of FGF-FGFR signaling in gastric adenocarcinoma together with the current targeted strategies in aberrant FGF-FGFR activated GC cases.

The 1999 Eritrea–Yemen Maritime Delimitation Award And The Development of International Law

2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Sérgio Marques Antunes
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Peace ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Sensitive Region ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Territorial Sovereignty ◽  
The World ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Dispute Settlements

The Award on Maritime Delimitation concerning the second stage of the Eritrea/Yemen case (hereinafter “Award” or “Second Award”) was delivered on 17 December 1999, pursuant to the Arbitration Agreement signed in October 1996 and following the Award on Territorial Sovereignty rendered on 9 October 1998 (hereinafter “First Award”). The two-stage settlement devised in Article 2 of the arbitral compromis bears a perceptive logic—territorial sovereignty issues precede maritime delimitation—the advantages of which makes it likely to be adopted in future similar dispute settlements. Importantly, in casu, the objective of re-establishing a peaceful relationship between the two peoples and contributing to the maintenance of international peace and security in a sensitive region of the world seems to have been attained.1

scholarly journals A proposed two-stage quarantine containment scheme against spreading of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2096215
Author(s):  
W. K. Chow ◽  
C. L. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Targeted Screening ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly all over the world with over 23 million infected near the end of August 2020. There are also asymptomatic patients (APs) who are difficult to identify, but they are infectious and believed to be one of the transmission sources. No specific medicine, no vaccine and even no reliable quick identification tests on SARS-CoV-2 are available yet. Workable safety management must be implemented to stop such global pandemic resulting from disease transmission, including those infected through APs. A two-stage containment scheme is proposed with quarantining people into units within blocks. The units inside a block is to be open after being closed for quarantine for an agreed period such as 14 days. The blocks would then be sealed for another period before opening. Argument of the proposal was supported by a simple mathematical approach with parameters deduced from observations on a cruise ship to estimate the infection constant. The proposed containment scheme is believed to be effective in controlling the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and identifying APs by a more targeted screening test for the suspected group with a more acceptable environment at the second stage of containment.

scholarly journals THE APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING RESPONSIBILITY FROM THE POSITION OF THE CONCRETE-UNIVERSAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT THEORY

2021 ◽  
pp. 433-444
Author(s):  
Vitaliy V. Koromyslov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Categorical Framework ◽  
Concrete Universal

The article deals with the problem of the most fundamental grounds for the analysis of different situations and meanings connected with responsibility. The proposed solution of this problem is based on concept of the concrete-universal. The conclusions of the concrete-universal theory of development make it possible to relate the objective principles of morality to the dynamics of interconnections of the universal moments that have been accumulating in the human nature in the course of the global development. The universal moments, abstracted by man in the form of categories, are organized in human existence in the form of certain aspects and interrelations that, being interwoven in a unique way, construct certain social situations and meanings reflecting thereof. The first stage of the research presents an analysis of the role of the world-inherent key universal moments in the formation of the phenomenon of responsibility. This helps to formulate the most fundamental characteristics of responsibility. The second stage offers a study of the specific forms of interconnections between the universal moments underlying certain aspects of responsibility. As a result, a categorical framework of universal moments representing a basis of responsibility was identified. This framework is inextricably linked with specific and unique content, is always filled with the concrete content of the circumstances existing at a particular period in time, of life situations of individuals. The paper shows how the concrete-universal organized in this way determines the most important situations and meanings related to the problem of responsibility. This approach made it possible to distinguish the substance of responsibility, connected with a certain objective situation, from its manifestations in the form of subjective components related to personal characteristics and states of a person, formulation of agreements, social norms and sanctions for their violation, various forms of accountability.

scholarly journals Metaphor in the Structure of Exploring Complexity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Alexander Dumov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
The World ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Organization Ecology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Methodological Reflection

The paper presents a review of modern philosophical and methodological literature on exploring complexity. The research featured the effect of metaphor in the cognitive processes, research communication, and transmission of complex ideas. The author developed a classification of metaphors in the context of exploring complexity. The approach is based on the identification of a certain ontological and epistemic content of the metaphor. The contextual role of the metaphor in cognition processes depends on these aspects of its content. The author analyzed the groups of metaphors associated with such topics of exploring complexity as self-organization, ecology, and dialogue. The metaphors proved important in developing a complex vision of the relationship between the cognizer and the world. The study also examined the axiological aspects of the metaphors, as well as the connection between the metaphor and the new vision of rationality, typical of the philosophical reflection of complexity. The metaphor proved to have a heuristic, communicative, and organizational potential in conditions of methodological uncertainty. The context of philosophical and theoretical-methodological reflection of complexity makes it possible to study the metaphor in order to identify the existing models of exploring complexity and their cognitive stylistics.

Children and Childhood

2020 ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
Marcia J. Bunge
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Formation ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethiopian Orthodox ◽  
Children And Childhood ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Even though children play a central role in Christmas traditions worldwide and have been members of Christian communities since the early Church, little scholarly attention has been paid to the vast and varied interconnections between children and Christmas. This chapter examines this theme by: 1) focusing on children’s active participation and, at times, central role in Christmas traditions, such as Advent rituals in the home and Nativity plays in the congregation; 2) exploring traditions in which both children and adults seek to address the urgent needs of children locally and around the world; and 3) highlighting ways in which Christians past and present have sought to attend to the spiritual formation of children and the meaning of Christmas amidst various obstacles and distractions. By exploring these three lines of inquiry and offering examples from world Christianity, including Ethiopian Orthodox traditions, the chapter demonstrates the central yet often neglected role of children in Christmas traditions and highlights the need for further research into the intimate connections between children and many other religious traditions.

scholarly journals Culture and Role of Woman in Terrorism in Indonesia. Case Studies: Suicide Bombings in Surabaya and Sibolga

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5C) ◽  
pp. 873-876
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Muslim Country ◽  
Suicide Bombing ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Suicide Bombings ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Interpretative Research

Terrorism is a recognized global phenomenon particularly in the 21st century. Its landscape is highly determined by the actors’ changing and shifting nature as well as the pattern of the main battle field in Middle East and Afghanistan. As the most populous Muslim country in the world, Indonesia has experienced terrorist attacks especially since 2000 where multiple threats of bombing in several areas of the country had surfaced as the consequences of global terrorism’s wide spread networks and ideological influences. However, the two most recent suicide bombings in Surabaya - East Java on May 13, 2018 and Sibolga - North Sumatera on March 13, 2019 strongly indicate a new pattern of woman’s role in terrorism in Indonesia, shifting from passive to active. Utilizing these case studies and the technique of interpretative research, this paper aims to describe woman’s role in terrorist suicide bombing action, particularly in the context of Indonesia’s patriarchal culture. The finding shows a different role of woman in terrorism according to the differences of the various cultures. Therefore, this research fills the void of terrorism research particularly in Indonesia

scholarly journals Determinants of Discriminatory Attitudes Based on External Signs and Manifestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-179
Author(s):  
R.M. Shamionov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Unusual Behavior ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
The World ◽  
Source Of Information

External signs and manifestations of the Other are the most important source of information on the basis of which social and cognitive processes are launched, as a result of which their place in the system of representations of the world is established. Despite the efforts made by the society to eliminate discriminatory attitudes, their number does not decrease. Therefore, the study of the determinants of discriminatory attitudes based on the external manifestations of another does not lose its relevance. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of values and focus on authoritarianism and social dominance in variations of discriminatory attitudes based on external signs and manifestations of Another. The study involved 217 people, average age M = 28.9; SD = 11.2 (men-36%).We used a questionnaire for fixing socio-demographic characteristics, and original scales for evaluating discriminatory attitudes. The expression of values was determined using the Schwartz method (2012). To assess right-wing authoritarianism, which reflects the motivation and attitudes to maintain social cohesion, order, stability, and collective security, a short version of the Dakkit’s questioner developed by D. S. Grigoriev (2017) was used. It is shown that the person’s manifestation that causes the strongest rejection is unusual behavior, as well as emotional manifestations, and the sign of skin color was the least irritating factor. The values of tradition, social security, and reputation contribute to the manifestation of discriminatory attitudes on external grounds, and the values of independence-thoughts, independence-actions, universalism-tolerance, and universalism-concern for nature-undermine them. On the basis of structural modeling, the directions of relations from values to discriminatory attitudes are established directly and indirectly, through an assessment of the rejection of representatives of discriminated groups in various spheres of life and the ideological installation of right-wing authoritarianism.

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