Exploring F. W. Parker’s notions regarding child education

2021 ◽  
pp. 147821032110374
Author(s):  
Yi-Huang Shih
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Progressive Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Humanistic Education ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
Learning Content ◽  
Child Education ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Learning Interest

F. W. Parker (1837–1902), an American educationist, implemented various reforms in education. Parker had a considerable role in the development of progressive education in the United States. Parker is usually regarded as the father of progressive education. Using theoretical analysis, this article aims to explore the notions regarding child education advanced by Parker. First, his ideas of child education were as follows: (1) a unitary child made of body, mind, and spirit is a whole being; (2) education professionals depend on the touch of educational love; (3) teachers are mentors in the search for truths instead of dominators; (4) cultivate a democratic and cooperative attitude in the child; (5) the purpose of humanistic education is to assist the individual development of each child. Second, the learning content proposed for children was as follows: (1) the theory of concentration, (2) teachers should select courses that are familiar to the child, (3) teachers should let the child learn to release energy in a natural environment, (4) adapting subject matter to the child, and (5) assimilating music and story into children’s learning content. Finally, the suggested teaching priorities were as follows: (1) arouse learning interest of the child; (2) develop the child’s attention; (3) allow expression; (4) handwork; and (5) when the child reads, teachers should lead their thinking.

Financial inclusion and saving

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-70
Author(s):  
Rajiv Prabhakar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Trust Fund ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Individual Ownership

This chapter examines policy agendas associated with financial inclusion. There are many possible agendas associated with financial inclusion, but the chapter looks at savings as this has been the site of some of the most innovative financial inclusion policies, such as asset-based welfare and the automatic enrolment of people into savings products. 'Asset-based welfare' encourages the individual ownership of assets such as savings, pensions and property. This resulted in policies such as the Child Trust Fund (CTF) and Help to Save in the UK, and the Individual Development Account (IDA) initiative in the United States. Critics suggest that these policies are ultimately aimed at turning people into investor-subjects and are used to replace the welfare state. However, the chapter argues that such policies might also be used to tackle poverty and to support citizenship. Much depends on how such policies are designed. The chapter then considers different ways of adapting asset-based policies, as well as steps such as 'progressive universalism' within the CTF and the relevance of tackling gender inequality within the automatic enrolment of a workplace pension.

‘A Routh O’ Auld Nick-Nackets’ – the antiquarian collection of John Rae

2015 ◽  
Vol 36-37 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Paul Taylor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Case ◽  
National Museums ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

John Rae, a Scottish antiquarian collector and spirit merchant, played a highly prominent role in the local natural history societies and exhibitions of nineteenth-century Aberdeen. While he modestly described his collection of archaeological lithics and other artefacts, principally drawn from Aberdeenshire but including some items from as far afield as the United States, as a mere ‘routh o’ auld nick-nackets' (abundance of old knick-knacks), a contemporary singled it out as ‘the best known in private hands' (Daily Free Press 4/5/91). After Rae's death, Glasgow Museums, National Museums Scotland, the University of Aberdeen Museum and the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford, as well as numerous individual private collectors, purchased items from the collection. Making use of historical and archive materials to explore the individual biography of Rae and his collection, this article examines how Rae's collecting and other antiquarian activities represent and mirror wider developments in both the ‘amateur’ antiquarianism carried out by Rae and his fellow collectors for reasons of self-improvement and moral education, and the ‘professional’ antiquarianism of the museums which purchased his artefacts. Considered in its wider nineteenth-century context, this is a representative case study of the early development of archaeology in the wider intellectual, scientific and social context of the era.

Medicaid Not Required to Fund Medically Necessary Abortions

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
George J. Annas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Constitution ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Joint Resolution

In an extraordinary and highly controversial 5-4 decision, the United States Supreme Court decided on June 30, 1980, that the United States Constitution does not require either the federal government or the individual states to fund medically necessary abortions for poor women who qualify for Medicaid.At issue in this case is the constitutionality of the Hyde Amendment. The applicable 1980 version provides:|N]one of the funds provided by this joint resolution shall be used to perform abortions except where the life of the mother would be endangered if the fetus were carried to term; or except for such medical procedures necessary for the victims of rape or incest when such rape or incest has been reported promptly to a law enforcement agency or public health service, (emphasis supplied)

scholarly journals US Rural Surgeons Leading During COVID-19: Where Are They Now?

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482096005
Author(s):  
Michael Sarap ◽  
Julie Conyers ◽  
Crystal Cunningham ◽  
Adam Deutchman ◽  
Glenn Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Individual

Rural surgeons from disparate areas of the United States report on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in their communities as the virus has spread across the country. The pandemic has brought significant changes to the professional, economic, and social lives of the individual surgeons and their communities.

The great Chinese surprise: the rupture with the United States is real and is happening

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-437
Author(s):  
Xiangfeng Yang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Pendulum Swing ◽  
The Us ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Ample evidence exists that China was caught off guard by the Trump administration's onslaught of punishing acts—the trade war being a prime, but far from the only, example. This article, in addition to contextualizing their earlier optimism about the relations with the United States under President Trump, examines why Chinese leaders and analysts were surprised by the turn of events. It argues that three main factors contributed to the lapse of judgment. First, Chinese officials and analysts grossly misunderstood Donald Trump the individual. By overemphasizing his pragmatism while downplaying his unpredictability, they ended up underprepared for the policies he unleashed. Second, some ingrained Chinese beliefs, manifested in the analogies of the pendulum swing and the ‘bickering couple’, as well as the narrative of the ‘ballast’, lulled officials and scholars into undue optimism about the stability of the broader relationship. Third, analytical and methodological problems as well as political considerations prevented them from fully grasping the strategic shift against China in the US.

Healing Society: Medical Language in American Eugenics

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Kamrat-Lang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Medical Language ◽  
The Individual

The ArgumentAmerican eugenics developed out of a cultural tradition independent of medicine. However, the eugenicist Harry Hamilton Laughlin and some legal experts involved in eugenic practice in the United States used medical language in discussing and evaluating enforced eugenic sterilizations. They built on medicine as a model for healing, while at the same time playing down medicine's concern with its traditional client: the individual patient. Laughlin's attitude toward medicine was ambivalent because he wanted expert eugenicists, rather than medical experts, to control eugenic practice. In contrast, legal experts saw eugenics as an integral part of medicine, though one expert challenged basing the judicial system on eugenically minded medicine. All in all, the medicalization of American eugenics involved expanding the scope of medicine to include the mutilation of individuals for the benefit of society. The judicial system was medicalized in that an expanded medicine became the basis of legislation in the thirty states that permitted eugenic sterilizations

THE TEN-STATE NUTRITION SURVEY: A PEDIATRIC PERSPECTIVE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1099
Author(s):  
Charles U. Lowe ◽  
Gilbert B. Forbes ◽  
Stanley Garn ◽  
George M. Owen ◽  
Nathan J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
The Individual

In 1967 the 90th Congress of the United States attached an amendment to the Partnership for Health Act requiring the Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to undertake a survey of "the incidence and location of serious hunger and malnutrition–in the United States." In response to the legislative mandate the Ten-State Nutrition Survey was conducted during the years 1968 through 1970. The sample was selected from urban and rural families living in the following ten states: New York, Massachusetts, Michigan, California, Washington, Kentucky, West Virginia, Louisiana, Texas, and South Carolina. The families selected were those living in some of the census enumeration districts that made up the lowest economic quartiles of their respective states at the time of the 1960 census. During the eight years after the 1960 census the social and economic characteristics found in some of the individual enumeration districts had changed, so that there was a significant numer of families in the surveys with incomes well above the lowest income quartile. Thus, it was possible in analyzing results to make some comparisons on an economic basis. Thirty thousand families were identified in the selection process; 23,846 of these participated in the survey. Data regarding more than 80,000 individuals were obtained through interviews and 40,847 of these individuals were examined. The survey included the following: extensive demographic information on each of the participating families; information regarding food utilization of the family; a 24-hour dietary recall for infants up to 36 months of age, children 10 to 16 years of age, pregnant and lactating women, and individuals over 60 years of age.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
AIMS C. MCGUINNESS
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
The Individual

I certainly agree with Dr. Dietrich that Asian influenza thus far has been a mild disease and not too serious a problem for the individual. Dr. Burney has pointed this out on a number of occasions, as, for example, in his remarks before the State and Territorial Health Officers on August 27. I agree, too, that the availability of antibiotics to deal with secondary bacterial infections should, to a great extent, minimize the severity of any epidemic in the United States.

Why Is There So Much Christianity in the United States? A Reply to Sommerville

2002 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Hollinger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Church History ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Secular Culture ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

If we are going to explain the slow pace of de-Christianization for the United States relative to other industrialized societies in the North Atlantic West, we might well begin with the church-state relationship. The absence of an established church in the United States has enabled religious affiliation to function, like other voluntary organizations in “civil society,” as mediators between the individual and the nation. I conimented on this rather old idea in a book C. John Sommerville is kind enough to cite in another connection, Science, Jews, and Secular Culture, but since he does not take up this point, I will develop it a bit further here, before reacting to Sommerville's other concerns as expressed in his refreshingly fair-minded rejoinder to my essay in the March 2001 issue of Church History.

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