scholarly journals Bullying as a Developmental Precursor to Sexual and Dating Violence Across Adolescence: Decade in Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110438
Author(s):  
Dorothy L. Espelage ◽  
Katherine M. Ingram ◽  
Jun Sung Hong ◽  
Gabriel J. Merrin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Based ◽  
Reference Service ◽  
Teen Dating ◽  
Meta Analyses

Adolescent bullying continues to be a major focus of scholarship across the globe. This article reviews research from 2010 to 2021 with a particular focus on longitudinal studies of the bully–sexual violence pathway ( BSVP), where bullying serves as a precursor for sexual violence (SV) (e.g., sexual harassment, sexual coercion, and sexual assault) and teen dating violence via individual and socio-contextual mediators. Articles reviewed consisted of a total of 505, which included 17 meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Databases used for the search were Academic Search Complete, Education Full Text (H. W. Wilson), ERIC, National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts, PsycINFO, PubMed (Medline), and Social Sciences Abstracts (H. W. Wilson). In total, 107 peer-reviewed articles were included in this review. Potential mechanisms underlying the BSVP include social dominance orientation, exposure to sexual education, and alcohol use. Several school-based intervention approaches have evidenced marginal success in reducing rates of bullying and SV by targeting factors undergirding both behaviors. The efficacy of international prevention approaches is summarized. Gaps in the literature are identified and future research is proposed.

Understanding Associations Between Exposure to Violent Pornography and Teen Dating Violence Among Female Sexual Minority High School Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110283
Author(s):  
Cara Herbitter ◽  
Alyssa L. Norris ◽  
Kimberly M. Nelson ◽  
Lindsay M. Orchowski
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Teen Dating

Previous research indicates that teen dating violence (TDV) is more common among sexual minority than heterosexual adolescents, with approximately half of female sexual minority adolescents (SMA) endorsing TDV victimization in the last year. In samples of adolescents without regard to sexual orientation, exposure to violent pornography is associated with TDV, but this relationship has not been assessed in female SMA. The current study sample consisted of 10th-grade high school students aged 14–17 who identified as cisgender females ( N = 1,276). Data were collected from a baseline survey prior to the delivery of a sexual assault prevention intervention. Female SMA had 2.54 times the odds (95%CI [1.75, 3.69]) of being exposed to violent pornography and 2.53 times the odds (95%CI [1.72, 3.70)]) of TDV exposure compared to heterosexual girls. Exposure to violent pornography was not associated with involvement in TDV among female SMA, controlling for episodic heavy drinking ( aOR = 2.25, 95%CI [0.88,6.22]). Given the relatively higher rates of violent pornography and TDV exposure among female SMA compared to heterosexual girls, it is critical that sex education curricula address these experiences and meet the needs of adolescents of all sexual orientations. Future research can assess how these TDV interventions might be tailored for female SMA. Although we did not find that exposure to violent pornography was associated with TDV among female SMA, these investigations should be replicated with larger data sets, given that the association between exposure to violent pornography and engagement in TDV was in the expected direction.

Dating Violence, Protection Orders, and Gender Inequality: A Cross-state Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110283
Author(s):  
Katherine Brandt ◽  
Michelle Johnson-Motoyama
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Teen Dating

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a public health crisis that organizations and individuals in several fields are working to prevent and address. State lawmakers are a group with substantial power to address TDV and intimate partner violence (IPV) through policies including Civil Protection Order (CPO) statutes. Understanding the factors that influence how state legislators craft TDV and IPV policies and how those policies are implemented can lead to policy processes that better serve survivors. Past research suggests the level of gender inequality in a state may be an important influence on TDV policies. This study used a case study approach to compare the processes of adding individuals in dating relationships to CPO statutes in a subset of states ( n = 3) with high, middle, and low levels of gender inequality. Results did not suggest that gender inequality was related to variation between states but rather that it was a larger factor that creates the need for TDV policies at all. Relationships between the state IPV coalitions and lawmakers and the historical moment that laws were considered emerged as important factors in interstate variation. Future research can build on these results by further exploring the role of gender inequality in policy processes with additional states or policies and by examining the factors identified here in greater depth. Implications for practice are also discussed.

scholarly journals Masculine Discrepancy Stress, Teen Dating Violence, and Sexual Violence Perpetration Among Adolescent Boys

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis E. Reidy ◽  
Joanne P. Smith-Darden ◽  
Kai S. Cortina ◽  
Roger M. Kernsmith ◽  
Poco D. Kernsmith
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Violence Perpetration ◽  
Teen Dating

scholarly journals Adapting an evidence-based positive youth development intervention to prevent sexual and teen dating violence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andria B Eisman ◽  
Megan Hicks ◽  
Poco D Kernsmith ◽  
Laney Rupp ◽  
Joanne P Smith-Darden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Implementation Science ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
School Based ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Teen Dating

Abstract Adapting evidence-based interventions (EBIs) guided by implementation science frameworks is a promising way to accelerate the translation of effective violence prevention in schools. School-based interventions offer an opportunity to reduce the risk of multiple forms of violence, including sexual violence (SV) and teen dating violence (TDV). EBIs in schools reach large populations of adolescents, including those underserved in other settings. Although specific SV/TDV prevention programs exist, evaluations indicate limited effectiveness over time. We adapted systematically the Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES) violence-prevention EBI using key adaptation steps described in implementation science frameworks to expand the scope of YES to integrate an SV/TDV focus and meet the needs of local youth. In the formative project year, the team adapted YES to integrate SV/TDV content informed by key steps outlined in frameworks including ADAPT-ITT, research-tested intervention programs, and map of the adaptation process. These steps include: (a) assess school and student needs, (b) identify, select an EBI, (c) consult with experts with knowledge in the new topic area (SV/TDV), (d) collaborate with community partners and stakeholders, (e) identify areas for adaptation while maintaining fidelity to core elements, (f) train staff, (g) pilot test adapted materials, (h) implement, and (i) evaluate. We developed the YES for Healthy Relationships (YES-HR), a school-based prevention program that retained core elements of YES, including content related to mastery, adult resources, leadership skills, and community engagement, while integrating SV/TDV-specific content (e.g., consent). Implementation science adaptation frameworks are useful in guiding the systematic adaptation of existing EBIs to meet the needs of youth.

Online, Offline, and Over the Line: Coercive Sexting Among Adolescent Dating Partners

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 891-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poco D. Kernsmith ◽  
Bryan G. Victor ◽  
Joanne P. Smith-Darden
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Teen Dating

This study examines the incidence and correlates of coercive sexting by dating partners among middle and high school students, including sex-based differences and associations with other forms of sexual coercion. Survey data from a study of protective factors for teen dating violence in middle and high school students were examined ( N = 1,236). Of youth who reported at least one dating or sexual partner in the past 12 months, 12% reported coercive sexting victimization and 8% acknowledged pressuring a partner to sext. Other forms of sexual coercion including the use of threats and insistence on sex without a condom were significantly associated with perpetration and victimization of coercive sexting. Coercive sexting was notably more prevalent in the high school cohort, with boys significantly more likely to pressure a partner than girls. The strong association with other forms of sexual coercion suggests a potential link to broader patterns of teen dating violence.

School Personnel’s Bystander Action in Situations of Dating Violence, Sexual Violence, and Sexual Harassment Among High School Teens: A Qualitative Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2358-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Kara Anne Rodenhizer ◽  
Robert P. Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Healthy Relationships ◽  
Teen Dating

We examined school personnel’s engagement in bystander action in situations of teen dating violence (DV), sexual violence (SV), and sexual harassment (SH). We conducted focus groups with 22 school personnel from three high schools in New Hampshire. School personnel identified their own barriers to intervening in situations of teen DV, SV, and SH (e.g., not having the time or ability to intervene). School personnel also discussed the ways in which they intervened before (e.g., talking with teens about healthy relationships), during (e.g., breaking up fights between dating partners) and after (e.g., comforting victims) instances of teen DV, SV, and SH. These data can be used to support the development of bystander training for school personnel as one component of comprehensive DV, SV, and SH prevention for teens. In addition, these data provide information that can be used to develop measures that assess school personnel bystander action barriers and behaviors in instances of teen DV, SV, and SH.

A Field Test of Opportunities for Teen Dating Violence Disclosure in School-Based Relationship Education Programs

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110014
Author(s):  
Marni L. Kan ◽  
Tasseli E. McKay ◽  
Marcus E. Berzofsky ◽  
Paul P. Biemer ◽  
Susan L. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Relationship Education ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Universal Education ◽  
School Based ◽  
Teen Dating

School-based relationship education programs offer an opportunity to identify youth who are experiencing teen dating violence (TDV), support their safety, and connect them with individualized services or referrals. However, no research has tested the feasibility or accuracy of approaches to create opportunities for TDV disclosure in the context of school-based programs. The current study presents the results of a field test comparing three tools used to provide opportunities for TDV disclosure (two questionnaire-style tools and one universal education discussion guide). High school students from two federally funded healthy marriage and relationship education (HMRE) program sites ( N = 648) were offered the three tools in random order over the course of the HMRE program, which lasted between 3 weeks and 3 months and took place during the school day. Onsite qualitative interviews with HMRE program staff and their local domestic violence program partners assessed how service providers saw the tools and the process of implementing them. Latent class models examined the accuracy of the tools in identifying TDV. Sensitivities of the tools were low and specificities were high; the questionnaire-style tools tended to have higher sensitivities and fewer classification errors than the universal education tool. Several three-item combinations from across the tools performed better than any intact tool, suggesting that shorter assessments may be effective, provided they include items on sexual coercion and physical violence. Qualitative findings suggested that implementation of TDV assessment and universal education in school settings is a viable strategy, provided programs are able to gain support from school staff, adapt to tight time constraints, and plan procedures for protecting student privacy and confidentiality.

scholarly journals School-based interventions for teen dating violence prevention: integrative literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol IV Série (Nº14) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diene Carlos ◽  
Ana Campeiz ◽  
Jorge Silva ◽  
Maria Fernandes ◽  
Maria Leitão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
Teen Dating

School-Based Bullying and Teen Dating Violence Prevention Laws: Overlapping or Distinct?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (21) ◽  
pp. 3267-3297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Cascardi ◽  
Christopher M. King ◽  
Daniel Rector ◽  
Jill DelPozzo
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Peer Aggression ◽  
School Based ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Bullying Laws ◽  
Teen Dating ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

The most recent legislative attempts to curb violence in schools have been school-based dating violence prevention laws. In the previous decade, there was an increase in legislation designed to prevent bullying in schools; these laws now exist in 50 states. However, most anti-bullying laws provide an expansive definition of bullying that includes any type of peer aggression, harassment, or teen dating violence (TDV). Having several different state and federal laws aimed at curtailing multiple forms of aggression may produce confusion about appropriate intervention and disciplinary responses, requiring school districts to develop parallel sets of policies, educational curricula, intervention approaches, and reporting requirements for overlapping behaviors that can be simultaneously peer aggression, bullying, harassment, and TDV. We conducted a systematic search of applicable laws and systematically coded those we identified for relevant content (i.e., definitions, covered locales, protected groups, and personnel, procedural, preventive, and disclosure elements). Anti-bullying laws were typically more detailed than dating violence laws. TDV laws were more likely to target TDV and control intimate behavior and to provide for education about healthy relationships. Both types of laws often mandated trainings; specified reportable behaviors; discussed sanctions, recommendations, and interventions; and mentioned counseling, specially trained staff persons, or designated specialists. Both anti-bullying and TDV laws also sometimes directed reporting of aggregate incident rates and impacts of prevention efforts. Neither type of law tended to specify school and community resources or prevention approaches. Results inform discussion of the merits of different approaches to school-based violence prevention laws.

Determining the Existence and Strength of Teen Dating Violence Policy: Testing a Comparative State Internal Determinants Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093552
Author(s):  
Beverly Black ◽  
Kristen Ravi ◽  
Richard Hoefer
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Median Income ◽  
State School ◽  
School Policies ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Policy Testing ◽  
Teen Dating

Research demonstrates that Teen Dating Violence (TDV) programs impact TDV knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, decreasing the odds of TDV victimization and perpetration. Studies indicate that students who do not complete a TDV intervention have significantly higher odds of physical and emotional TDV victimization and emotional TDV perpetration. This study uses multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression to examine predictors of the presence and the strength of state legislation addressing TDV education and school policies. Results indicate some success in predicting the existence of TDV laws but less support for forecasting the strength of the policies passed. Dominant political party and state median income were found to be potentially important determinants of TDV state school policies. A state’s political culture influenced the strength of states’ TDV policies. Showing that policy existence and strength are related to different processes is important for advocates to understand. Future research should look at additional variables and explore legislative histories.

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