Phonological Characteristics of Korean-Speaking Children With Phonological Disorders: Preliminary Results

2020 ◽  
pp. 152574012093697
Author(s):  
Minjung Kim ◽  
Soo-Jin Kim ◽  
Carol Stoel-Gammon
Keyword(s):  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Phonological Errors

This study investigates phonological characteristics of Korean monolingual children with phonological disorders (PD), using data from 13 children aged 3.6 to 5.9, and compares the analyses of single-word productions (SW) to those of conversational speech (CS). Phonological analyses include overall percentage of consonants correct (PCC), individual phoneme accuracy, and phonological error patterns. Results indicate that children with PD have persistent difficulty with affricates, fricatives, and the liquid /l/. Overall consonant accuracy tends to be greater in CS than SW. Phonological errors that may be explained by language-specific phonological and phonetic properties of Korean are noted.

scholarly journals Hidden Inequality: How Much Difference Would Adjustment for Illicit Financial Flows Make to National Income Distributions?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Cobham ◽  
William Davis ◽  
Gamal Ibrahim ◽  
Andy Sumner
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
Recent Innovation ◽  
Illicit Flows ◽  
Illicit Financial Flows ◽  
Using Data

AbstractA recent innovation in measuring inequality is the incorporation of adjustments to top incomes using data from tax authorities, revealing higher inequality. The thesis of this paper is that the incorporation of estimates of income from illicit financial flows (IFF), reflecting untaxed capital, may be as significant to national inequality – but with greater variation across countries. We propose a method of adjusting national inequality data for illicit flows, and present preliminary results. These estimates suggest that untaxed illicit flows could be as important as (taxed) top incomes to estimates of inequality – highlighting the importance of improving estimates of underlying illicit flows.

The Interaction of Ambient Frequency and Feature Complexity in the Diphthong Errors of Children With Phonological Disorders

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1188-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie F. Stokes ◽  
Jessica Tse-Kay Lau ◽  
Valter Ciocca
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Perceptual Analysis ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Frequency Feature

This study examined the interaction of ambient frequency and feature complexity in the diphthong errors produced by Cantonese-speaking children with phonological disorders. A total of 611 diphthongs produced by 13 Cantonese-speaking children with speech disorders were subjected to perceptual analysis. The percentage accuracy of production and error patterns was examined. Perceptual analysis showed that /i/ and /ui/ were most frequently in error, whereas /ei/, /ou/, and /u/ were least frequently in error. Diphthong errors (usually diphthong reduction) arise as a function of both ambient frequency and feature complexity. The combination of ambient frequency and feature complexity yields a complexity metric reflecting accuracy of production. Treatment guidelines include consideration of three basic factors: ambient frequency, feature complexity, and error patterns.

An Optimality Analysis and Treatment of Phonological Disorders in the Speech of Jordanian Children: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Maha S. Yaseen ◽  
Radwan S. Mahadin
Keyword(s):  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Errors ◽  
Treatment Goals ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
Cluster Reduction

This paper presents a case study of a Jordanian child with phonological speech disorders. It seeks to investigate functional phonological disorders and their treatment among Jordanian children within an Optimality Theoretic (OT) perspective. It aims to provide treatment for children’s speech errors within a constraint-based system. The analysis of the data identifies seven error patterns in the child’s productions, namely: fronting, lateralization, stopping, devoicing, de-emphasization, syllable deletion and cluster reduction. Furthermore, OT is employed at the end of the study as a guideline to select the priority of treatment goals by demoting responsible markedness constraints below faithfulness constraints. 

Intelligibility Assessment in Developmental Phonological Disorders

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Kwiatkowski ◽  
Lawrence D. Shriberg
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Phonetic Transcription ◽  
Language Status ◽  
Theoretical Issues

Fifteen caregivers each glossed a simultaneously videotaped and audiotaped sample of their child with speech delay engaged in conversation with a clinician. One of the authors generated a reference gloss for each sample, aided by (a) prior knowledge of the child’s speech-language status and error patterns, (b) glosses from the child’s clinician and the child’s caregiver, (c) unlimited replays of the taped sample, and (d) the information gained from completing a narrow phonetic transcription of the sample. Caregivers glossed an average of 78 of the utterances and 81 of the words. A comparison of their glosses to the reference glosses suggested that they accurately understood an average of 58 of the utterances and 73 of the words. Discussion considers the implications of such findings for methodological and theoretical issues underlying children’s moment-to-moment intelligibility breakdowns during speech-language processing.

A Preliminary Investigation of Caudal Fin Shape Effects on Thrust and Power of a Newly Designed Robotic Tuna

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Matta ◽  
Hodjat Pendar ◽  
Javid Bayandor
Keyword(s):  
Thrust Force ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Water Tunnel ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Hydrodynamic Efficiency ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Shape Effects ◽  
Caudal Fin Shape ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Tail Beat

Thunniform swimmers are known to travel at high speeds for long periods of time and at high hydrodynamic efficiency. Thus, there is a great deal of interest in their swimming physics. In order to better understand these physics, a newly designed robotic tuna was constructed that allows for interchangeable caudal fins. This robot was put in a water tunnel and tested at tail beat frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 Hz and at freestreams of 0, 0.2, and 0.4 m/s. A lever assembly was used to transmit thrust force to a load cell, and power was calculated using data from current sensors. Preliminary results suggest that swept caudal fins produce more thrust and are more efficient than trapezoidal fins at higher freestreams while the opposite is true at lower freestreams. However, several induction factors need to be resolved before more confident assertions can be made.

Content Coverage of Single-Word Tests Used to Assess Common Phonological Error Patterns

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Kirk ◽  
Laura Vigeland
Keyword(s):  
Final Position ◽  
Error Pattern ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
Criterion Level ◽  
Content Coverage ◽  
Cluster Reduction

Purpose This review evaluated whether 9 single-word tests of phonological error patterns provide adequate content coverage to accurately identify error patterns that are active in a child's speech. Method Tests in the current study were considered to display sufficient opportunities to assess common phonological error patterns if they provided at least 4 opportunities for each of 11 error patterns. The target phonemes for these error patterns had to occur as singletons (except for final consonant deletion and cluster reduction) and in stressed syllables (except for weak syllable deletion). Error patterns for which positional asymmetries have been documented (velar fronting, stopping of fricatives and affricates, and cluster reduction) required 4 opportunities in both word-initial and word-final position to meet the study's criterion. Results None of the tests provided 4 opportunities for every error pattern, the criterion level used in this study. Error patterns that tended to be underrepresented across tests included weak syllable deletion, reduction of word-final clusters, fronting of velars, gliding of liquids, and deaffrication. Conclusion This review will allow clinicians to gain a deeper understanding of the methods used to assess phonological error patterns in single-word tests.

scholarly journals Are phonological influences on lexical (mis)selection the result of a monitoring bias?

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 1687-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Severens ◽  
Elie Ratinckx ◽  
Victor S. Ferreira ◽  
Robert J. Hartsuiker
Keyword(s):  
Information Flow ◽  
Production System ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Related Word ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
Speech Error ◽  
Interactive Models ◽  
Phonological Errors

A monitoring bias account is often used to explain speech error patterns that seem to be the result of an interactive language production system, like phonological influences on lexical selection errors. A biased monitor is suggested to detect and covertly correct certain errors more often than others. For instance, this account predicts that errors that are phonologically similar to intended words are harder to detect than those that are phonologically dissimilar. To test this, we tried to elicit phonological errors under the same conditions as those that show other kinds of lexical selection errors. In five experiments, we presented participants with high cloze probability sentence fragments followed by a picture that was semantically related, a homophone of a semantically related word, or phonologically related to the (implicit) last word of the sentence. All experiments elicited semantic completions or homophones of semantic completions, but none elicited phonological completions. This finding is hard to reconcile with a monitoring bias account and is better explained with an interactive production system. Additionally, this finding constrains the amount of bottom-up information flow in interactive models.

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