Gendered Opportunity and School-Based Victimization

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Peterson ◽  
Nicole V. Lasky ◽  
Bonnie S. Fisher ◽  
Pamela Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Self Control ◽  
School Students ◽  
Public School Students ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Misconduct ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

Opportunity theory suggests that adolescents’ risks for school-based theft and assault victimization are related to low self-control and school-based routine activities, such as playing sports, joining extracurricular clubs, and engaging in unsupervised activities. Peer research indicates that friends’ characteristics may also create opportunities for victimization. Additional research supports that gender moderates the effects that lifestyles and friends have on victimization. We integrate these lines of inquiry by exploring how gender moderates the relationship among low self-control, routine activities, friends’ characteristics, and school-based victimization using a sample of 10th-grade public school students who participated in the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002. Using structural equation models, our results suggest that friends’ characteristics tend to matter more for females across both types of victimization. Other gendered effects exist—indicating that the effects of certain friends’ characteristics vary by gender according to the extent to which they influence participation in school misconduct.

Victimization and the General Theory of Crime

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Nofziger
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Self Control ◽  
General Theory Of Crime ◽  
School Students ◽  
Peer Deviance ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Victims Of Crime

Theories of victimization developed independently of theories of offending, in spite of consistent findings of similarities between offenders and victims of crime. This study examines whether Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) general theory of crime, typically used to predict offending, also has relevance in understanding juvenile victimization. The data for this project are drawn from a sample of over 1,200 middle and high school students. Using structural equation models, the findings suggest that higher self-control does directly decrease victimization and that self-control also affects victimization indirectly though opportunities (peer deviance). Implications for the studies of victimization as well as the general theory of crime are discussed.

Low Self-Control, Peer Delinquency, and Crime: Considering Gendered Pathways

2021 ◽  
pp. 002242782110014
Author(s):  
Brian J. Stults ◽  
Jorge Luis Hernandez ◽  
Carter Hay
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Peer Delinquency ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Delinquent Peers

Objectives: We extend prior research by considering how low self-control and peer delinquency may work together in a mediating process whereby low self-control increases association with delinquent peers, which in turn increases criminal offending. Further, we draw on gender crime research to suggest that the indirect effect of self-control on offending will be greater for boys than girls. Methods: We use three waves of data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods to test these hypotheses for violent offending, property offending, and substance use, using multi-group multilevel generalized structural equation models that address issues of time ordering, spuriousness, and the measurement of criminality. Results: The hypothesized mediation process is supported by our results. We also find that the indirect effect of low self-control on violence and property crime is greater for boys, primarily driven by a stronger effect of delinquent peers for boys. In contrast, and in support of expectations, the results for substance use reveal little gender difference. Conclusions: We conclude that rather than treating self-control and peer delinquency as competing explanations, we should view them as working together to affect crime and delinquency. Moreover, researchers must give careful attention to gender differences in the pathways to offending.

The Relevance of Hostility and Self-Control as Mediators of the Relationship Between Antisocial Personality Disorder and Offending

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872096850
Author(s):  
Thomas Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Relationship

Hostility and low self-control are two hallmark characteristics of antisocial personality disorder and are also risk factors for offending. This study tested for mediating effects of these concepts for explaining the antisocial personality disorder-offending relationship. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to estimate these relationships. A Clogg Z test was used to test the equivalence of the mediation effects. Results indicated that antisocial personality disorder diagnosis was associated with offending. Inclusion of hostility and self-control in the model accounted for 65% of the antisocial personality disorder-offending relationship and attenuated it to non-significance. Only self-control was a significant mediator of this relationship and the magnitude of this effect was significantly greater hostility.

Low Self-Control of Emotions as an Antecedent of Self-Reported Physical Symptoms: A Longitudinal Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Kokkonen ◽  
Lea Pulkkinen ◽  
Taru Kinnunen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Low Self Control

The study was part of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, underway since 1968, in which children's low self-control of emotions was studied using teacher ratings at age 8 in terms of inattentiveness, shifting moods, aggression, and anxiety. The study was based on data from 112 women and 112 men who participated in the previous data collections at ages 8, 27, and 36. At age 27, the participants had been assessed in Neuroticism (N) using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire , and at age 36 they filled in several inventories measuring, among others, conscious and active attempts to repair negative emotions in a more positive direction as well as physical symptoms. The present study used structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis that personality characteristics indicating low self-control of emotions at ages 8 and 27 are antecedents of self-reported physical symptoms at age 36; and that this relationship is indirect, mediated by attempts to repair negative emotions in a more positive direction. The findings showed, albeit for men only, that inattentiveness at age 8 was positively related to self-reported physical symptoms at age 36 via high N at age 27 and low attempts to repair negative emotions at age 36. Additionally, N at age 27 was directly linked to self-reported physical symptoms at age 36. The mediation of an active attempt to repair negative emotions was not found for women. Correlations revealed, however, that shifting moods and aggression in girls were antecedents of self-reported physical symptoms in adulthood, particularly, pain and fatigue.

Workplace Cyberbullying: A Criminological and Routine Activity Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 026839622110278
Author(s):  
Sixuan Zhang ◽  
Dorothy Leidner ◽  
Xin Cao ◽  
Ning Liu
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Spanning ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Routine Activities Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
General Theory Of Crime ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The U.S

Extant research on the antecedents of workplace cyberbullying pays little attention to the role of perpetrator traits in influencing workplace cyberbullying, as well as the unique occurrence context that distinguishes workplace cyberbullying with juvenile cyberbullying, workplace bullying, and adult cyberbullying in general. To fill these gaps, we consider the antecedents of workplace cyberbullying under the theoretical lens of the general theory of crime and routine activities theory. We build a model incorporating low self-control, a widely discussed perpetrator trait in criminology theories, with three types of routine activities representing the unique occurrence context for workplace cyberbullying--mWork, boundary spanning in ESM, and proactive email checking. We tested our model with 2025 employees in the U.S.. Our findings demonstrate that low self-control and the three routine activities are strong motivators for workplace cyberbullying. Our findings further show that the effect of low self-control on workplace cyberbullying is amplified by the three routine activities. The study contributes to our understanding of why workplace cyberbullying occurs and offers potential implications for managers interested in reducing incidences of workplace cyberbullying in their organization.

Individual differences in political aggression: The role of social integration, perceived grievances and low self-control

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieven J.R. Pauwels ◽  
Vanja Ljujic ◽  
Ann De Buck
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Content Support ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
And Function

Several models have been suggested for studying (self-reported) aggression. Less frequently, these theories are empirically applied to explain individual differences in political aggression. The present study examines the role of distal, intermediate and proximate mechanisms in a net-sample of 6020 young adults. Using log-linear structural equation modelling, the independent effects of cumulative social integration, perceived personal and group injustices and low self-control are assessed. It is assumed that these factors contribute to the ‘crystallization of discontent’ by fostering religious authoritarianism, political powerlessness, support for extremist beliefs and online exposure to extremist content. Support for extremist content and online exposure to extremist content are strong predictors, and function as different routes towards political aggression. The results support an integrated approach towards the study of political aggression. Implications for future studies are discussed.

Low Self-Control, Substance-Using Peers and Intimate Partners, Pro-Drug Use Definitions, and Inhalant Use Among Convicted Offenders in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyong Choi ◽  
Nathan E. Kruis
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Mediation Hypothesis ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

Hirschi has repeatedly argued that the relationship between social learning variables and crime is a product of “self-selection” driven by low self-control (LSC). Akers’ has suggested that social learning mechanisms, such as affiliations with deviant individuals and acceptance of criminal definitions, can mediate the effects of LSC on crime. Interestingly, there has been little comparative work done to explore this mediation hypothesis in the realm of substance use for offender populations outside of the United States. This study helps fill these gaps in the literature by exploring the potential mediation effects of social learning variables on the relationship between LSC and inhalant use among a sample of 739 male offenders in South Korea. Our results provide strong support for the mediation hypothesis that LSC indirectly influences self-reported inhalant use through social learning mechanisms.

Low Self-control and School Bullying: Testing the GTC in Nigerian Sample of Middle School Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199128
Author(s):  
Omobolanle Atinuke Fenny
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
School Students ◽  
Bullying Perpetration ◽  
Low Self Control

Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime’s (GTC) claim to explain crime, at all times, and in all places, has received considerable empirical support using Western, Scandinavian, and Asian samples. However, the theory is yet to be tested using a Nigerian sample. Using cross-sectional data from a sample of 1,192 junior secondary school (middle school) students in Nigeria, this study examines the explanatory power of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s GTC in predicting bullying perpetration and victimization in that context and culture. Binomial logistic regression was used to test the hypothesis that the bullying perpetration and victimization experiences of these students would be negatively related to self-control. Study provides support for the cross-cultural potency of the GTC as low self-control predicted the bullying and victimization experiences of these students regardless of gender. Students’ perception of a negative school environment was also a significant predictor of bullying. This is the first test of the GTC with a Nigerian sample and hopefully, will be a springboard for effective bullying prevention policy/programs in Nigerian schools. The public policy implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Burnout and coping strategies among future healthcare professionals: A structural equation modelling approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
Sonja Ivancevic ◽  
Milica Maricic ◽  
Tatjana Ivanovic ◽  
Vesna Tepsic-Ostojic ◽  
Sanja Stosic
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Male Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Aim. To reduce the risk of burnout development of medical professionals, it is important to identify the contributing factors as early as in their schooling years. The aim of this research is to propose a model that will determine the relationship between the coping strategies medical high school and medical faculty students use, and burnout. Methods. The cross-sectional study included 164 medical high school students (80.5% female and 19.5% male students) and 344 students of the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Medicine (76.9% female and 23.1% male students). The model exploring the relationship between coping strategies (measured by Brief COPE scale) and burnout (measured by CBI-S scale) was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis. Results. When coping with stress, medical high school students use Acceptance, Venting, Behavioural Disengagement, and Planning that increase their burnout, and they do not use any strategies that would help them reduce burnout. When coping with stress, medical faculty students use Planning, Acceptance, Humour, Venting, Behavioural Disengagement, Self-Blame, and Substance Use that increase their burnout and Positive Reframing which helps them reduce burnout. Conclusion. The results of this research show an evident lack of use of adaptive coping strategies with both groups of respondents. Proper education would help them replace these dysfunctional coping strategies with more constructive ones.

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