The Relationship between Mental Workload and Situation Awareness

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (21) ◽  
pp. 3-460-3-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Vidulich
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simple Fashion ◽  
Empirical Database

Mental workload and situation awareness are both outgrowths of the practical need to assess operators' performing and managing dynamic complex tasks. Mental workload refers to the cost placed on the human operator's cognitive processing abilities by performing the required task-related mental processing. Situation awareness is the operator's apprehension of the current situation. Common goals of designing a new system or modifying an existing one are often to reduce the operator's mental workload while increasing the operator's situation awareness. However, the empirical database obtained from concurrent evaluation of mental workload and situation awareness demonstrates that the two measures generally do not co-vary in such a simple fashion. The lack of a single straightforward correlation could be interpreted as an indication that mental workload and situation awareness must be considered independent of each other. However, parsing the available studies into sub-categories based on the type of manipulation that was investigated allows some possible relationships between mental workload and situation awareness to emerge. This suggests that researchers should continue to examine the relationship between these concepts and system evaluators should not consider mental workload or situation awareness in isolation from the other.

scholarly journals Effect of High-Altitude Environment on Driving Safety: A Study on Drivers’ Mental Workload, Situation Awareness, and Driving Behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xinyan Wang ◽  
Wu Bo ◽  
Weihua Yang ◽  
Suping Cui ◽  
Pengzi Chu
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Driving Risk ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to analyze the effect of high-altitude environment on drivers’ mental workload (MW), situation awareness (SA), and driving behaviour (DB), and to explore the relationship among those driving performances. Based on a survey, the data of 356 lowlanders engaging in driving activities at Tibetan Plateau (high-altitude group) and 341 lowlanders engaging in driving activities at low altitudes (low-altitude group) were compared and analyzed. The results suggest that the differences between the two groups are noteworthy. Mental workload of high-altitude group is significantly higher than that of low-altitude group, and their situation awareness is lower significantly. The possibility of risky driving behaviours for high-altitude group, especially aggressive violations, is higher. For the high-altitude group, the increase of mental workload can lead to an increase on aggressive violations, and the situation understanding plays a full mediating effect between mental workload and aggressive violations. Measures aiming at the improvement of situation awareness and the reduction of mental workload can effectively reduce the driving risk from high-altitude environment for lowlanders.

Measuring Situation Awareness in an Attack Helicopter Domain: An Exploratory Investigation

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
Eileen B. Entin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

We contrasted two methods for assessing situation awareness (SA) in a dynamic, fast-paced military domain, a high-level measure based on subjects' responses to global questions about a tactical situation and a detailed measure based on their answers to questions about specific elements of the situation. We hypothesized that the two measures would be correlated, and while they were initially, as a dynamic simulation progressed, the relationship between the two measures decreased. We also hypothesized that level of SA would be correlated over time, but the two approaches to the assessment of SA lead to different conclusions, with the high-level measure showing a significant correlation while the detailed measure was not correlated across the measurement periods. The internal consistency of the detailed measure also decreased over time, suggesting that SA becomes more fragmented as a dynamic situation develops, and calling into question the appropriateness of measuring SA as a unified concept.

scholarly journals Kualitas Akrual Memoderasi Earnings Opacity Terhadap Biaya Ekuitas

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1375
Author(s):  
Liza Andriani ◽  
Mayar Afriyenti
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Accrual Quality ◽  
Earnings Smoothing ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine the effect of earnings opacity on the cost of equity with accrual quality as a moderating variable. This studyuses two measures for earnings opacity which are earnings aggressiveness and earnings smoothing. Number of sampleis 40 manufacturing companies that distribute dividend periods 2015-2017. The method of analysis using interaction moderation regression.The results of this study showed that accrual quality strengthen the relationship between earnings aggressiveness and cost of equity. Accrual quality also weaken the relationship between earnings smoothing and cost of equity. Earnings aggressiveness has positive and significant effect on cost of equity. Earnings smoothing has positive but not significant effect on cost of equity.

scholarly journals Instrument Scan—Is it an Indicator of the Pilot's Workload?

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Ephrath ◽  
J. R. Tole ◽  
A. T. Stephens ◽  
L. R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Airline Pilots ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Machine Interaction ◽  
Simulated Approach

This presentation describes an investigation of the relationship between an aircraft pilot's visual scanning of instruments and his level of mental activity during a simulated approach and landing. The study was motivated by the increasing concern, in several areas of man-machine interaction, with the effects of changes in manual control and monitoring procedures on mental workload. This concern is particularly keen with regard to airline pilots, air traffic controllers, power plant operators, and personnel in control of large ocean-going vessels, since the cost of error can be quite high in any of these man-machine systems.

Visual Evoked-Response Correlates of Speechreading Performance in Normal-Hearing Adults

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Samar ◽  
Donald G. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Visual Evoked Response ◽  
Latency Measure ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Visual Evoked

The relationship between the latency of the negative peak occurring at approximately 130 msec in the visual evoked-response (VER) and speechreading scores was investigated. A significant product-moment correlation of -.58 was obtained between the two measures, which confirmed the fundamental effect but was significantly weaker than that previously reported in the literature (-.90). Principal components analysis of the visual evoked-response waveforms revealed a previously undiscovered early VER component, statistically independent of the latency measure, which in combination with two other components predicted speechreading with a multiple correlation coefficient of S4. The potential significance of this new component for the study of individual differences in speechreading ability is discussed.

The Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate themanagement of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication werethe contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. Total of 122 incidents happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers.The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workerswho committing to safety and health environment.

Models of decision support in socio-cyber-physical systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Smirnov ◽  
T. V. Levashova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Emergent Behavior ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Decision Support Models ◽  
Common Goals

Introduction: Socio-cyber-physical systems are complex non-linear systems. Such systems display emergent properties. Involvement of humans, as a part of these systems, in the decision-making process contributes to overcoming the consequences of the emergent system behavior, since people can use their experience and intuition, not just the programmed rules and procedures.Purpose: Development of models for decision support in socio-cyber-physical systems.Results: A scheme of decision making in socio-cyber-physical systems, a conceptual framework of decision support in these systems, and stepwise decision support models have been developed. The decision-making scheme is that cybernetic components make their decisions first, and if they cannot do this, they ask humans for help. The stepwise models support the decisions made by components of socio-cyber-physical systems at the conventional stages of the decision-making process: situation awareness, problem identification, development of alternatives, choice of a preferred alternative, and decision implementation. The application of the developed models is illustrated through a scenario for planning the execution of a common task for robots.Practical relevance: The developed models enable you to design plans on solving tasks common for system components or on achievement of common goals, and to implement these plans. The models contribute to overcoming the consequences of the emergent behavior of socio-cyber-physical systems, and to the research on machine learning and mobile robot control.

Pound Wise and Penny Foolish? Weight Loss and The Dynamics of Health Care Spending

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G Koch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Current estimates of obesity costs ignore the impact of future weight loss and gain, and may either over or underestimate economic consequences of weight loss. In light of this, I construct static and dynamic measures of medical costs associated with body mass index (BMI), to be balanced against the cost of one-time interventions. This study finds that ignoring the implications of weight loss and gain over time overstates the medical-cost savings of such interventions by an order of magnitude. When the relationship between spending and age is allowed to vary, weight-loss attempts appear to be cost-effective starting and ending with middle age. Some interventions recently proven to decrease weight may also be cost-effective.

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